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Ukrainian Journal of Ecology
Ukrainian Journal oj'Ecology, 2019,9(2), 102-109
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Psychology and environmental legal personality - Borderlines
of interaction in the 20 century
O. Melnichuk1, D. Poddubnaya2, N. Pypyak1
Vinnitsa National Agrarian University, St. Architects 20, Apt. 13 City Vinnitsa, Ukraine.
Donetsk Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, St. Stepana Tilgy, 21, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine.
E-mail: Pypiak@ukr.net Received: 04.04.2019. Accepted: 02.05.2019
Nowadays, in the rapid river of renewed requirements and up-to-date needs, social relations, characterized by their complexity, have also changed to a certain extent. Development in all areas of human activity is only one positive aspect of the XXI century, but on the other hand we also have a lot of inconsistencies. The latter includes the state of nature and its components, regulation of public relations at the level of regulatory legal acts, failure to give information to people and many other aspects that require further study, making changes and improvements. Much of these facts depend on the psychology of a person and their personality which influences and creates different human actions and awareness of responsibility for them. The above describes relevance and urgency of the scientific and theoretical research for further practical changes to ensure environmental balance by combining legal personality and legal consciousness through the perspective of psychology. All this is achieved by the goal of a theoretical and empirical research, namely the coverage of the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the interaction of psychology and environmental legal personality in the 21st century, as an immediate element in the preservation of the environment and its components, due to significant negative indicators of their conditions. Based on the use of theoretical and empirical methods, the results of the study for further discussion and immediate conclusions are determined. They consist of the introduction of groundworks in use from the field of ecological psychology, psychology of ecology, legal psychology for the implementationfor people of each age category and recognizing this direction as prerogative at the government level. For implementation, a psychologist must be appointed. Awareness of the population with the help of the media and prediction of the principle of psychological formation of the regulation of social relations in legal framework - these should be the steps towards theimplementation. Subjective actions should be directed as much as possible towards the fulfillment of the activities of evolutionary-volitional processes and states of a person, which is achieved by directly influencing human activity, skills, will, motives, feelings, emotions, stress, frustration, fear and aimed at shaping the social and biological parts in personality.
Keywords: Ecological psychology; psychology of ecology; environmental legal personality; borderlines of interaction; normative legal regulation
Introduction
Psychology has always been the motive power of human development, shaping the consciousness for people's guidance in the actions. The criterion of influence on human behavior, fulfillment of duties and carrying on with responsibility is fully depended on what the consciousness will be focused on and to what extent. Rights, duties and responsibilities are the triad of legal personality that does not make difference in application to social relations in the field of ecology, and therefore to environmental social relations. Modern world, up-to-date information space, latest technology - it is a wonderful page of human development in the 21st century, which also affects the formation of human psychology. But there is another page, which consists of negative state of the environment and its components, (land, water, forest resources, to name a few), minerals of local and national importance, atmospheric air, extremely high rates of morbidity among the population, and not the best indicators of the health of plant and animal life. Statistics show that mortality prevails over births. Food is viewed as inconsistent, state standards, rules and requirements contain obsolete, outdated positions, including, discrepancy with international requirements. The genetic engineering products, also known as genetically modified organisms,although not having a well-studied research on the possible effects on biological, genetic and environmental indicators, have been significantly counted and disseminated at the turn of the XX-XXI century. Having imperfect legislation in the specified field, these products are provided with an opportunity for manipulation, avoidance of responsibility, complexity of proving guilt, etc.
103_Psychology and environmental legal personality - Borderlines of interaction in the 20 century_
Awareness of average citizen about legal positions and informationon any above-listed issue is not on the needed level. All this data can be found on the official pages of the executive authorities, as well as in the legal acts.
Considering all these facts, one cannot help but wonder: XXI century - is it a time of progress, or a time of degradation, how to prevent, how to improve, to change this condition or prevent its deterioration. Since psychology is understood as the study of psychic phenomena, like thinking, feeling, willingness, and human behavior, it is the best time to study it for further inclusion in the change of the practical situation in the ecological direction.
Objective and tasks
The role of the scientific work is to highlight the results of the theoretical and empirical research of the interaction of psychology and environmental legal personality in the 21st century, as an immediate element in the preservation of the environment and its components, due to significant negative indicators of their conditions.
To achieve that, certain research objectives are indicated: 1) to analyze the scientific literature on environmental psychology, psychologyofecology, legal psychology; 2) to determine the results of an empirical study of the psychological attitudes of individuals of various social links to the environment as a whole and environmental problems by types of natural resources, as well as the state of bearing the greatest degree of responsibility for environmental pollution; 3) to fix upon the complex and systemic value of psychology in the formation of environmental legal personality in the 21st century.
Research methods
The solution of certain tasks is carried out through the use of a complex of theoretical and empirical research methods. The basis of theoretical methods was: historical (gave an opportunity to consider coming into being of ecological psychology, psychology of ecology), dialectical (consideration of psychology and environmental legal personality, taking into account time changes, updated requirements in the shifting of social relations in the 21st century), formally-logical (gave an opportunity to identify the causes of the current state of the ecology, the relationship with psychology, considering the dynamics of changes in social relations; to determine the direction and needs to improve relevant factors in the timely regulation of these relations), system method (contributed to the consideration of ecology as a systemic phenomenon, which is taking into account and unifying with one goal, namely to improve the state of social relations in the field of ecology, to preserve its components, to change the psychology of the attitude of society regarding nature, such elements as psychology, ecology, sociology, law, public administration, etc.), method of modeling and forecasting (provided an opportunity to analyze the real state and state, which should be regarding ecology and the role of psychology, as well as predict ways to achieve positive aspects in the environmental direction), the method of translation (contributed to the allurement of scientific achievements of foreign scholars). To identify real demonstrations of society's attitude to a problematic issue of the study, the use of empirical methods was carried out through survey, interviews and questionnaires. Thus, in the course of the survey, the citizens were asked: "How do you feel about the current state of ecology and what role, in your opinion, does psychology play in changing its state?". Using the method of conversation, citizens were invited to talk on the topic of factors (components) of nature, which, in their opinion, are now outside the norm and see whether they see applying psychology as a way to change the situation. During the survey, individuals were asked to anonymously answer questions aimed at explaining actions, psychology, responsibility, patriotic consciousness of citizens about the ecological state of Ukraine in the form of the questions: "Who do you think is most responsible for the state of the environment and what is it for the psychology on the road to improving the situation regarding responsibility? ".
Results of theoretical research
The basis for the regulation of social relations should be a combination of the psychological direction with the actions and responsibilities of the subject, which is a legal personality. The unity should consist of preserving the environment, and therefore there is a theoretical and practical basis for the justification of the combination of ecological psychology and environmental legal personality. The complexity between psychological and environmental disciplines lies in the connection between human and nature, the presence of two common directions: "ecological psychology", "psychological ecology". The complex nature of a particular area of scientific research is justified by the presence of a number of proposals on different directions. First of all, one should connect what is suggested with the line of their area of business or research. Thus, environmentalists define norms, standards, etc., lawyers point out the need to improve the norms of law; sociologists analyze, predict possible states of various situations of a social nature, and so on.
Even though all the talking, noticing, and verifying, we still have negative results. In this regard, the direction of improvement should be exclusively in the systemic and structural aspect, it should be aimed at a single result, consisting of the presence of the rights and freedoms of citizens and the free opportunity for implementation and protection. In the rapid river of renewed requirements and up-to-date needs, social relations, characterized by their complexity, have also changed to a certain extent. Their settlement should also be approached systematically and comprehensively, which is why the combination of legal personality and legal awareness through the prism of psychology should be the direction of changing the ecological situation. It is environmental security that is perhaps one of the most key positions in providing security in general. Every person is born having their rights and freedoms. After some time and reaching appropriate age, the person also has duties and responsibilities for their actions. These positions are general and declared by the Constitution of Ukraine (Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 1996) and the Civil Code of Ukraine (Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 2003) and the Declaration of Ukraine "On State
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 104
Sovereignty" (Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1990) and by other normative legal acts adopted in order to comply with the Basic Law of the country. The defined research topics has been defined not only for Ukraine or the European Union, it concerns every administrative-territorial unit in the world, every living thing, plant and animal world, and other links of a single inseparable natural chain. Therefore, each element is crucial, because if one disappears, the changes affect all components and it is clearly understood not to allow this to happen. And in a case of this misfortune taking place, you need to change the disappearing element to an updated one, to ensure the balance.
Everyone should carry out working in their field to prevent this, but the use of diverse methodology has made it possible to state: the basis of everything should be the combination of psychological direction with the actions and responsibilities of the subject, which represents a legal personality. According to the thematic direction of research, such unity should consist of preserving the environment, and therefore there is a theoretical and practical ground for the justification of the combination of ecological psychology and environmental legal personality. In addition, this area of research is devoted to scientific works dealing with problematic aspects of the research field of scientists, both Ukrainian and international. However, the passage of time makes it necessary to consider problems from a different angle, in particular, with the obligatory account of the combination of different research profiles in a single problem.
Tachi Emrush, in his research, noted: "At present, changes in the modern world, as well as the formation of new theoretical and methodological programs of research in the field of psychology, raise the scientific attention to issues of environmental awareness. And if earlier these problems were the subject of study mainly of social and natural sciences, now psychology is getting actively involved" (Tachi, 2013).
By the term "psychology" we can understand the established position that defines it as "a science that studies psychic phenomena (thinking, feeling, willingness) and human behavior, with explanations found in these phenomena" (Wikipedia, 2019). At the same time, it is worth noticing that psychology, as a category of science, indicates and discloses the term "psychological", which is understood as "a philosophical category that reflects the phenomena of human, animal, and even plant worlds. Zoopsychology, which explores the phenomena of the elementary psyche, behavior, cognitive processes in animals, is related to both psychological and biological sciences. When it comes to the human psyche and its inherent phenomena, it should be remembered that it is structurally and qualitatively different from its evolutionary predecessors (Wikipedia, 2019). This category in particular clearly gives characteristics of the presence of positions in the field of human, animal and plant, which testifies to the need and correctness of the direction of such research in the legal direction. In psychology, segmental components are determined per se and ecological psychology is one of them. It is understood as "a branch of psychology, the subject of study of which is the multidimensional manifestations of the ecological awareness of man (sociogenesis, ontogenesis, etc.). As a new branch of knowledge (at the intersection of ecology, psychology, law, philosophy, ethics, etc.), ecological psychology began to emerge in the domestic theoretical surface in the early 90's of the 20th century, when the ways to overcome the ecological crisis have become clearly associated with changes in the personal and public awareness" (Wikipedia, 2018; Shajgorodsky, 2006). The accuracy of these characteristics can be easily transferred to the present state and modern needs.
We define the methodological features of ecological psychology as the basic criteria for determining the boundaries of the coexistence of psychology and ecological legal personality, since "the object of study is not the natural environment, but the world of nature, as a integral living organism, as a combination of natural phenomena in their diversity, unity and uniqueness; types of human interaction with the natural world are studied. It should be emphasized that ecological consciousness mirrors a considerable range of intellectual and emotional aspects of perception of the world, reflection, contemplation, feeling, knowledge, evaluation, etc. In addition, environmental consciousness, as a rule, is based on scientific worldview, religious perception, reflexive attitude to the world of nature, aesthetic tastes; attention is focused on the subjective, personal attitude to nature. With this objective, ecological psychology uses the conceptual appliance of personality psychology, humanistic psychology, social psychology, age psychology, medical and pedagogical psychology" (Wikipedia, 2018; Adamenko, 2000). The unity of approaches to the usage of environmental legal personality can be confirmed by the position of scientist Yu. Zh. Shajgorodsky and defined as: "The main task of environmental psychology is to develop effective synergetic models of coexistence of man and nature, the principles and methods of diagnosing ecological consciousness of different sections of the population, the formation of a system of skills and abilities (technologies and strategies) of human interaction with nature. Ecological psychology is closely linked to the development of effective forms of environmental education, aimed at the acknowledgment of the universal value of nature, with respectful attitude to it, the formation of individual environmental responsibility, the ability to assess the quality of interaction between human and nature "(Wikipedia, 2018; Shajgorodsky, 2006).
The scientific world recognized the spot of the complexity between psychological and environmental disciplines that are associated with human and nature, and predicted at least the presence of two common directions: "ecological psychology and psychological ecology. The main feature of ecological psychology is the advantage of psychological methods: it is a psychology that absorbs environmental problems to the extent that they can be solved based on the tools created within the framework of psychology.
The main tasks that ecological psychology faces, can be formulated as follows: building of a general categorical (conceptual) system; isolation and analysis of psychological criteria for environmental friendliness; identification of the causes of ecological and non-ecological behavior; conducting analysis of the psychological consequences of environmental accidents and disasters; development of psychological means of propaganda, research on environmental education and education; research of ecological consciousness. Instead, the psychological ecology uses the methods developed in the classical and applied ecology, biogeography, human genetics, ergonomics" (Tachi, 2013). This clearly proves the need to consider it in its unity, which will create the possibility of achieving results. On such a point of view, it is possible to bring K. Lewin's position on
105_Psychology and environmental legal personality - Borderlines of interaction in the 20 century_
psychological ecology, in particular: "if we want to predict in what situation the individual will end up as a result of a certain influence, we must foresee the future. Obviously, such prediction should be partly based on the statistical analysis of non-psychological data. Theoretically, we can characterize this task as the one of identifying which part of the physical or social world will determine the "marginal zone" of living space during a given period. This task deserves the attention of psychologists. I would suggest calling it "psychological ecology" (Shajgorodsky, 2006). Scientific works aimed at highlighting the interconnectedness between psychology and geography need to be counted: behavioral geography, as well as ecological psychology, based on the concept of interaction between human and environment, when a person is viewed from two perspectives: as a subject of activity, which forms the environment; and as a subject that responds to environmental influences. A separate part of ecological psychology can be represented by a rather independent branch - the psychology of the environment, within the framework of which the interaction between a person and the spatial-objective environment of its everyday environment is studied. It should be mentioned that the influence of the environment on different structures of the human psyche is such a broad field of research that it covers virtually all areas of psychological knowledge (Abramova, 1995).
In this direction, other scientists defined "the role of the environment in psychology until recently almost invariably limited to social and interpersonal interactions, paying little attention to the features and characteristics of the whole surrounding material environment in which behavior unfolds" (Gold, 1990). In this regard it is worthwhile to support the position of scientist J. Gold in relation to: "Environmental psychology is more eclectic, it is described by focusing more on non-traditional areas of research than experimental psychology, mainly due to the fact that it encounters such problems, which simply do not exist in laboratory conditions "(Tachi, 2013). ILater on, the historical method of research forms the ecological orientation in American developmental psychology, and according to G. Burmenskoy "from the environmental point of view highly significant variables include, for example, all types of a child's living space, social roles and functions, duration, intensity and other characteristics activity of the child in certain conditions, centuries, etc. (Burmenskaya, 1985).
The above is only a part of the views of scientists on a certain problem. Although the period of its active appearance is determined by 70 years, even nowadays it does not have a clear definition and a common understanding of its use. A. Ryzhikov sees the problem of ecological interaction, a person - nature, through the perspective of the alienation of nature and human, with the fact that "the cause of psychological indifferent attitude of human to nature explains the phenomenon of alienation in the broadest sense of this concept, and above all the alienation of human from the results of their particular work" (Ryzhikov, 1991). Explaining the current state of the environment, the author proves what causes it and defines an explanatory position such as: "the presence of a psychological phenomenon (specific behavior), laid in the gene pool since times when our ancestors were not human beings and led their lives in the forest on trees. The social forms of people's lives changed, so did the economic basis of their existence, but the gene pool of behavior was preserved, which to a certain extent determines our attitude to certain natural objects "(Tachi, 2013).
One of the most important scientific works is considered to be V.I. Panov's monograph "Ecological Psychology: The Experience in Building a Methodology" (Panov, 2004), which systematizes various ecological and psychological studies in such areas as: psychological ecology, ecological approach to perception, psychology of the environment, psychology of ecological consciousness.
Ecological psychology is considered as an independent branch of psychological research, which is based on the development of mental reality in the form of processes of visual perception of movement and stability, mental states and their natural dynamics, as well as the formation of an ecological consciousness of a naturally centered type.
The experience of constructing a methodology of ecological psychology shows that the field of its research, object and subject are determined differently depending on which archetype is used as the source. Thus, there are grounds for asserting the formation of a separate direction in psychology, in particular, the ecological orientation and the availability of sufficient scientific and theoretical research papers (Skrabets, 2004), which laid the foundations for the further search for the relation between ecology, its state and human psychology. Thus, psychology appears to be the basis on the path to regulation, which is formed under the influence of a number of factors: social, economic, spiritual, emotional, biological, etc. However, for determining further directions of both research and introduction of changes, it is necessary to take into account the current state of life of the population. What the reason for this is and why this is required. If a person makes up their mind on the single issue of how to feed their family, where to find a job, how to have time to work on two or more jobs, etc., there is a justified position - such a person doesn't have time for ecology, its problems, issues, changes, etc. On the one hand, it defends such life position of said person, but on the other hand - it does not. However, this condition should not be taken into account for the people of Ukraine. Every person should be provided with a decent wage, enough to provide both themselves and their family, the opportunity to travel, contributing to widen the horizons, gaining experience of positive attitude towards people, to nature and so on. All in all, it will affect the development of human psychology, including environmental, and thus change the essence of human personality. The latter includes a number of constituents, namely, legal capacity, capacity of carrying on with responsibility, and delicacy. Psychology must underline the way of correct usage of the mentioned above factor, be the foundation for their correct implementation.
According to Udo Kukkarts and Gerhard de Haan's theory of ecological consciousness, it consists of: "1) environmental knowledge, in other words, human knowledge of nature, problems of environmental protection, philosophers' thinking and traditions associated with nature; 2) attitude to ecology, readiness to act, reflection on the solution of the environmental problem; 3) everyday environmental behavior" (Haan & Kuckarty, 1996). The origin of this is the formation of a caring attitude from a young age; hence such comprehension should occur from kindergartens, schools, institutions of higher education. After all, childhood is a period of active social personality, during which the mastery of the fundamental norms of behavior
occurs, which accompany a person's entire life. Thus, the implantation of love for nature, respect for it, etc. should be carried out from the childhood and shape the consciousness of persons with the help of a number of psychological elements. In the legal aspect, on the way of changing the situation, introduction of a norm on the principle of ecological psychology into basic normative legal acts, will oblige everyone to think before they act, weigh their deed and understand the expediency of their commissions.
In the literature on psychology there is a marked direction - legal psychology, which is directed to the study of the variability of the mental properties of persons in respect of whom justice is exercised. Its subject is directly determined as the change and the formation of the mental properties of the individual under the influence of preventive activity. The system of influence on a person covers a lot of events, including political, aesthetic, moral, legal views and beliefs, reflecting the ideology of society (Konovalova & Shepitko, 2008).
Results of empirical research
Using an empirical method of research, in particular a survey of 673 people, helped to get an answer to the question "How do you assess the current state of environment and what role does psychology play in changing its state, in your opinion? (On a 100-point scale, where the correspondence to the reality of the state of ecology is determined: up to 40 - negative, 41-80 -good, 81-100 excellent)". For this survey, the target audience was selected according to the administrative and territorial structure of the country, including the population of the city, townships and villages according to the distribution of the population into categories: women, men and children, as well as the respondents' placement into "lower middle class", "middle class" and "above the middle class" in terms of their income. The results of the study confirm the concept that the change and improvement of the state of ecology, including environmental legal personality, depends on psychology. Both middle-aged men and women pay attention to the ecological state, determine the economic component as a priority direction of life and emphasize that with a secure and stable life, it is possible to pay attention to environmental issues as well. Preschool children and representatives of elementary schools do not know a lot about the state of the environment in the country or in some region. It demonstrates the feasibility of increasing information from a certain direction at the level of preschool and school education, as provided for in the program of greening education in Ukraine. Direct data on the survey may be presented as a summary (Tables 1 -3).
Table 1. How do you assess the current state of environment and what role does psychology play in changing its state, in your
opinion? (per 100 ball scale)._
Economic component Below middle class Middle class Above middle class
Men
The state of The role of The state of The role of The state of The role of ecology psychology ecology psychology ecology psychology
47 53 37 63 52 48
51 49 34 66 49 51
56 44 32 68 57 43
The results of the study, given in Table 1, concerning the male attitude to the current state of ecology and the role of psychology in the way to change it, provide grounds for the statement that middle class representatives are interested in the state of ecology and add points that correspond to the real state of the environment for a 100-point scale. At the same time, the average indicator of environmental assessment is at 34 points, and psychology, as a step towards improvement of environmental indicators, is evaluated on average by 66 points. Representatives of the male gender below the middle and above the middle class, define the state of the environment as good indicators, reflecting the insignificance of focusing on environmental issues. This, once again, confirms the fact that the population of the lower class is busy with entirely other problematic issues of life, and the value of the environment in which they live, goes away for them to the distant plan. For representatives above the middle class, environmental indicators are also not particularly highlighted because the primary task is to make a profit.
Table 2. How do you assess the current state of environment and what role does psychology play in changing its state, in your
opinion? (per 100 ball scale)._
Economic component Below middle class Middle class Above middle class
Women
The state of The role of The state of The role of The state of The role of ecology psychology ecology psychology ecology psychology
62 38 32 68 53 47
64 36 33 67 61 39
79 21 32 68 48 52
Administrative-territorial unit
City
Settlement Village
Administrative-territorial unit
City
Settlement Village
The results of the study in Table 2 in the relation of women to the current state of ecology and on the role of psychology in changing that, also determine the interest in the state of ecology precisely among the representatives of the middle class, with an average of 32 points, the role of psychology set at 68 points. Indicators on the state of ecology among representatives of the lower middle class are generally negative, since they are almost 70 points. Representatives above the middle class assess the state of the environment a few points higher than men in this category, the indicator is at around 54 points.
Table 3. How do you assess the current state of environment and what role does psychology play in changing its state, in your opinion? (per 100 ball scale)._
Administrative-territorial unit Children
City Urban village Village
PE* BSE* FSE* PE BSE FSE PE BSE FSE
The state of ecology 52 61 76 51 56 81 59 71 78
The role of psychology 48 39 24 49 44 19 41 29 22
Note*: PE - pre-school education; BSE - basic school education; FSE - full secondary education.
The results of the study on Table 3, concerning the definition of the children's opinion about the current state of the environment and on the role of psychology in changing that, is determined by fairly good indicators, since almost independently of the administrative and territorial unit of their residence and in general age indicator, almost all are guided by the fact that the state of the environment needs to be significantly improved, since they gave an average of 65 points, and psychology, as one of the decisive elements, got 35 points. To sum up, these indicators provide grounds to claim that education and training in pre-school institutions in basic and comprehensive secondary education institutions are at an appropriate level with regard to the state of the environment. This is also facilitated by the direct concern of educators and teachers to this issue and, at the same time, the proper working out of their duty - information-training. Henceforth, the empirical tool, namely, the questionnaire, provided an opportunity to compile a series of interrelated issues and the results of the indication by citizens of written responses, in the course of their elaboration, to state the indicators that are reflected in Table 4. The questionnaire was conducted in Vinnytsia, Dnipro, Zakarpatye, Zaporizhia, Kharkiv regions of Ukraine. Participants are over 18 years old, 673 people in total. For each question, it was necessary to answer in the column "yes", "no" for 100% of the indicator (Table 4).
Results of the questionnaire
Actions, psychology, and responsibility, patriotic consciousness of citizens about the ecological state of Ukraine in the direction: "Who do you think is most responsible for the state of the environment and what is the role of psychology in improving the situation of responsibility?".
Questions to an answer Yes No
(%) (%)
How you estimate the focus of your daily activities on improving your own environmental behavior? 0.42 0.58
Is your family discussing environmental issues in Ukraine? 0.49 0.51
Is the state of Ukraine the only subject that is responsible for the state of the environment? 0.71 0.29
Do you think that psychology is one of the elements of changing human behavior? 0.84 0.16
Is it possible with the help of psychology to change the consciousness of a person, to engage them in 0.89 0.11
responsible attitude to the environment?
Is there a direct interdependence between human psychology and the state of ecology? 0.78 0.22
Are you ready to independently change your psychology about responsible attitude to the environment? 0.71 0.29
Do you consider it sufficient to obtain information on the state of ecology through the media? 0.38 0.62
Do media outlets manipulate the psychology of population on the state of the environment? 0.69 0.31
What percentage can you indicate your own environmental legal personality in? 0.45 0.55
Do you think that a significant part of the development of environmental psychology should take place through 0.71 0.29
educational institutions?
Are the questions of ecology today the main issue for you? 0.47 0.53
Will the people's consciousness change before establishing ecological legal personality through the creation of 0.73 0.27
the appropriate rollers, banners, and leaflets of ecological orientation?
Should the state take the main place in shaping the proper condition of ecology? 0.82 0.18
Do you think that patriotism in Ukraine will change the psychological attitude to ecology? 0.91 0.09
According to the results of the survey, it is possible to determine that environmental issues are not on the first place for
everyone today, since the answers were distributed 47% to 53%. On the one hand, this is a positive result, but on the other hand, taking into account the existing condition and the possible consequences that can harm the environment, both nature itself and those who live in it, determines the need for increased awareness of the population, raising public interest. Citizens believe that psychology is a significant step towards changing the indicators of the state of the environment, and it is able to change the future of it, which is confirmed by an index of 84%. Because of the events that hit Ukraine, beginning in 2014 and continuing up to this day, 91% of citizens are convinced that Ukraine's patriotism will change psychological attitude to the environment. A fact that needs to be changed is the view of many citizens that the state, as the subject of power, is responsible for the environment in the country - 82%. However, such a position is concerning, because, whatever the laws would be taken at the level of the relevant state authorities, until people themselves learn to be responsible for their actions, independently begin to change them, enhance them, etc., no improvement will occur. The positive thing is that citizens are ready to independently change their psychology on the way of responsible attitude to the environment - 71%. However, such indicators are answers that provide a basis for the question of how to combine these indicators with the fact that the state, as a subject of power, is responsible for the condition of the environment in the country. All in all, we get: the state is responsible, while individuals are ready to independently change their own psychology, consciousness as a whole. Taking into account already existing opinion of the population, the change should be a change of opinion of the population about the role of the state, the emphasis on changes in their own psychology, while using the media - 73%, more involvement of educational institutions - 71%. Such actions on the path of change are possible, since the indicator of 69%, it is believed that with the help of the media it is possible to manipulate the psychology of the state of the environment.
The empirical means of conversation was to suggest ordinary citizens to talk about the factors (constituents) of nature, which in their opinion, are beyond the norm and whether they see the use of psychology as a way to change the situation. So, it is possible to determine that the area of residence and the natural resources available in this area greatly influence the formation of the consciousness of citizens about the constituents of nature and the definition of those that need improvement. For example, in the Transcarpathian region, the overwhelming majority mentioned forest, bees, flora, as those that require immediate response. In the Dnipro region, it was about land and water resources, air, bees. In Vinnitsa region -land resources, air, lakes, forests. Zaporozhye region - air, land, plant and water resources, bees. Kharkiv region - forest, vegetable and land resources, animal resources, bees, air. The opinion of the population on certain components of the environment has common positions regardless the territorial location. In general, the totality of all empirical tools used provides a basis for the statement about the need to perform a series of urgent actions.
Discussion of research results
The theoretical basis for empirical research was the scientific position on legal psychology, the subject of which is the change and formation of the mental properties of an individual under the influence of preventive activities - political, aesthetic, moral, legal views and beliefs reflecting the ideology of society (Konovalova & Shepitko, 2008). In support of this approach, surveys and questionnaires indicate the need to increase such measures among the population of the country. Simultaneously, people are independently convinced that such actions will change their psychology, consciousness and attitude to the environment.
The results are confirmed by research on the component of environmental consciousness (Haan & Kuckarty, 1996). Empirical studies determine the low level of knowledge about environmental problems, readiness for immediate actions is on the average, everyday environmental behavior is not dominant.
The empirical result is a confirmation of the position regarding the order in ecological psychology of psychological ecology, the ecological approach to perception, the psychology of the environment, and the psychology of environmental consciousness (Panov, 2004). Surveys, questionnaires and interviews are reflected in the visual perception of movement and stability, the formation of mental states and the formation of ecological consciousness of the nature of the focused type. Emphasizing the need to draw attention to the ecological orientation as a separate direction in psychology, establishing a relationship between ecology, its state and person, its psychology is a confirmation of existing scientific research and determines the relevance of the present (Skrebets, 2004). By supporting such a scientific opinion, we determine that psychology, including environmental, must be developed and continuously investigated; the actions of the state through the use of various media should be aimed at increasing the environmental legal personality of citizens, a clear understanding that their life and health depends on the state of the environment, the actions to this should have an integrated, systematic nature with a mandatory change in the economic situation every citizen of the country and the state as a whole. Since, as follows from the results, the issue of ecology is taken up by the overwhelming majority of the middle class, and the statistics of the country testifies to their insignificant percentage. The actions of the state and executive boards should be directed specifically at the support and development of the middle class, which means the need for a number of legislative changes to simplify certain licensing, verification procedures, the opening of a free trade market with the international world, preferential tax treatment of the respective activities, etc.
Conclusion
1. Having analyzed the scientific doctrine in the field of psychology and conducted an empirical study, fulfilling the task of achieving the goal, there are grounds for stating the need for further research and coverage of environmental psychology as a component of psychology, interconnected with environmental legal personality.
2. Scientific research should be subject to:
• methodological features of ecological psychology, including those which are the basic criteria for the approach of determining the facets of the coexistence of psychology and environmental legal personality;
• unity of approaches to the implementation of environmental legal personality;
• the complexity between the psychological and environmental disciplines that are related to human and nature and two common areas: "ecological psychology" and "psychological ecology";
• interconnection between psychology and geography;
• definition and common understanding of use in relation to psychology and environmental legal personality;
• problems of ecological interaction of human - nature through the perspective of alienation of human nature;
• formation of a separate direction in psychology - environmental, determining its relation between ecology, its condition and the person, their psychology.
3. The justification for the introduction is the use of developments from the field of ecological psychology, psychology of ecology, legal psychology to the realization of the life for persons of every age category: children, adolescents or minors, adults, pensioners, meaning everyone without any exceptions, which is confirmed by the results of empirical research. Implementation should take place with the direct use of theoretical and psychological achievements, direct activity of a psychologist in kindergartens, schools, and educational establishments.
4. Positions in the field of formation of environmental legal personality through psychology should be defined as prerogative at the state level, and the way to apply should be through awareness of the population, with the involvement of the media, including radio, because the confirmation of the effectiveness is the indicator of empirical research at 73%.
5. At the level of activity of local authorities or united territorial citizens - it should be necessarily included in the directions of their activities. Such actions should be aimed at the realization of the activity, evolutionary-volitional processes and human conditions, which is achieved through the direct impact on human activity, skills, wiliness, motives, feelings, emotions, stress, frustration, and fear, and aimed at the formation of social and biological in the individual.
6. On the way of such implementation in the legal field it should be in the basic normative legal acts of the country of prediction, along with the existing basic principles, and the principle of psychological formation of the regulation of social relations.
References
The Constitution of Ukraine dated June 28, 1996. No. 254k/96-VR. Date of update: 09.30.2016. URL: http://zakon0.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254K/96-Bp
The Civil Code of Ukraine of 16.01.2003. No. 435-IV. Date of update: 02.04.2019. URL: http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/435-15
On state sovereignty: Declaration in ed. of 16.07.1990. URL: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/55-12 Tachi, E. (2013). Ecological psychology as a direction of modern psychological research. Scientific works of MAUP, 2(37), 134138.
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Ryzhikov, A. I. (1991). Nature and man: psychological problems of alienation / Vopr. psychologist. No. 1. pp. 60-64. Panov, V. I. (2004). Ecological psychology: Experience in constructing a methodology. M .: Nauka.
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Haan, G. de., & Kuckarty, U. (1996). Umweltbewusstein Denken und Handel in Umweltkrisen. Oplanden. Konovalova, V. O., & Shepit'ko, V. Yu. (2008). Legal psychology: Textbook. 2nd form, Processing. and add X .: Right.
Citation: Melnichuk, O., Poddubnaya, D., Pypyak, N. (2019). Psychology and environmental legal personality - borderlines of Interaction In the xx century. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 9(2), 102-109.
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