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19International Annual Edition of Applied Psychology : Theory, Research, and Practice Volume 6, Issue 1, 2019.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM OF FAMILY BULLYING OF CHILDREN
Ali Z. Guseynov
Saratov State University,
83, Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, Russia
guseynovaz@mail. ru
Ilya A. Stepanov
Saint-Petersburg Mining University 2, 21st Line, St Petersburg, Russia
Abstract
The article discusses the problem of family bullying of children on the basis of psychological and pedagogical analysis of modern challenges. The statistical data showing the increase in violent attacks on children are given. Its features and main forms are highlighted. The socio-psychological roots of this phenomenon in modern society are determined.
Key words: family bullying, contemporary challenges, psychological trauma, socio-psychological roots of bullying.
In modern Russian society, the index of destructive moods (aggression, envy, anger) has reached a maximum level. Against this background, the topic of domestic violence does not seem the most acute and topical. But in fact, this problem is very complex and very relevant. According to statistics, violence in Russia occurs in every fourth family, which is a very alarming circumstance. In the family 30-40% of all serious crimes are committed; in most cases, children are victims of crimes of domestic conflict. That is, those who are not able to protect themselves; the largest percentage of domestic crimes committed is beatings, followed by killings, death threats, causing serious bodily harm.
ISSN 2313-4097
It should be borne in mind that domestic violence, as a rule, is not an isolated case, but a regularly repeated coercive action. At present, the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation are carrying out individual preventive work with 2.4 million people, of which 152.9 thousand are offenders in family and domestic relations, 100.7 thousand are chronic alcoholics and 216.8 thousand are drug addicts [1]. Domestic violence occurs in any strata and categories of the population, regardless of class, racial, cultural, religious socio-economic aspects.
The fact of violence can cause various disorders in the psychosomatic sphere of the personality, namely: a violation in the cognitive sphere, appetite, sleep disorders, drug abuse, alcoholism; involuntary reproduction of traumatic actions in behavior; attempts of self-punishment (for example, self-torture); many somatic complaints. Consequently, violations that occur after violence affect all levels of human functioning, which lead to persistent personality changes. In addition to the direct impact of the experience, violence can lead to long-term consequences, often affecting the future life of the child.
It is tragic when children die as a result of accidents, but even more tragic when children become victims of violence and die at the hands of their loved ones. According to statistics, annually in Russia about 17 thousand children of different ages become victims of violent crimes. In 2010 alone, 100,227 children were affected by domestic violence. 1684 children were killed, 3161 crippled, 2386 children were seriously harmed (Data from the UN Children's Fund, 2011). Often, crimes against minors are committed by people close to them: mothers, fathers, stepfathers, family friends.
The norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are aimed at protecting a child from various forms of violence. He established the responsibility of parents and other persons obliged to supervise children for failure to fulfill or improper fulfillment of the duties of raising children, if this involves cruel treatment of children. Physical or mental abuse of a child may be the basis for criminal prosecution for a number of independent offenses (for example, under Articles 116,
117, 130 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, etc.). Child abuse is sometimes expressed as inaction. In such situations, Art. 125 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes criminal liability for leaving in danger.
One of the many social ills of modern Russia is the failure of parents to fulfill the duties of raising and maintaining their children. Based on the principles of human and civil rights and freedoms, enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the right and obligation to protect the interests of children is vested in their parents and legal representatives. Often, it is necessary to protect the child from the parents themselves, who violate his rights or do not fulfill the duties assigned to them properly.
A statistical analysis showed that in 2017, the investigating authorities of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation investigated more than 17 thousand (17 014) crimes committed against minors. Of these, 593 murders, more than one and a half thousand rapes (1645), almost four and a half thousand facts of violent acts of a sexual nature (4396). And in the 9 months of 2018, 12 thousand crimes were investigated against children (12,154), including 378 murders, 990 rapes, more than 3 thousand facts of other sexual crimes (3358). 1366 minors died from criminal attacks. The Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation gives a principal assessment to each fact of violence against children, checks are immediately carried out in accordance with the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation, and justice is restored [2].
The practice of investigating crimes committed against minors has most definitely revealed problems in the interaction of investigation bodies with other state bodies, public and other organizations on the prevention of crime, in direct work with minors and their parents, as well as the subsequent rehabilitation of victims of crimes. At the same time, it is obvious that one of the conditions for effectively countering crimes committed against minors, as well as providing them with timely and qualified assistance, including the rehabilitation of such children, is the organization of a
unified system of accumulating information about facts of violence against children and finding the child in a difficult life situation.
For example, as indicated by Yu.R. Orlova, in 23% of families children are raised without a single parent, 70% of fathers completely or partially refuse to pay child support, 79% of children have health problems following the results of the medical examination, the mortality rate for adolescents in Russia is 5 times higher than in most European countries, by 160 % over the past 10 years (from 2003 to 2012) the number of children under the age of 14 registered with alcoholism has increased, Russia takes 4th place in the distribution of tobacco smoking among adolescents and 3rd place in the world according to the level of teenage suicide [3, p. 37].
In order to solve the identified problems, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation took measures and spreads positive experience in creating inter-agency cooperation services on the issue of rehabilitation and escort of minors. Psychologists participate in investigative actions and verification activities with minors, give conclusions about the condition of a minor who has suffered from ill-treatment, which can be used in the future, including when choosing tactics for working with a minor. If necessary, specialists decide on the placement of children in social shelters, provide psychological assistance to injured minors and their families on an ongoing basis, not limited to the preliminary investigation stage.
Today, the restoration of the coordination and managerial functions of the state to curb crime is becoming especially urgent. We are talking about the interaction of special law enforcement agencies, control and other institutions of the state and society, which would reflect the possibilities of new power, legal, socio-economic and public structures in combating crime. At the same time, it should be agreed that not one, even the most developed and richest state, which subsidized large investments in crime control programs only on the basis of equipping judicial, police agencies, would have been successful without the support of the population.
The issue of crime prevention remains acute and is partly related to the untimely adoption of measures to identify and eliminate the circumstances that contribute to the commission of crimes against minors, in the manner prescribed by Part 2 of Art. 158 Code of Criminal Procedure. The indicated powers are not always exercised by the investigators in full: submissions are not made in all cases of this category and are often formal in nature, based on the results of their consideration, sufficient measures to eliminate the causes and conditions that contributed to the commission of crimes are not accepted, officials are not responsible are attracted.
These problems and their solutions were reflected in the decree of the Chairman of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation dated April 30, 2013 N 1/211 "On measures to prevent crimes committed against minors". According to the results of summarizing the investigative practice, the facts of lawlessness committed by parents in relation to their children, as well as the inaction of bodies and institutions for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency, which allow children to be in conditions that pose a danger to their life and health, are of serious concern. To avoid such facts, it is necessary to increase the effectiveness of supervision over the implementation of laws on minors and strengthen its preventive focus. At the same time, bodies and institutions of the prevention system need to focus their attention, including on the timeliness of providing assistance to children in socially dangerous situations.
For example, in 2018, more than 4.8 thousand families, 8.8 thousand children were examined by authorized institutions of the Saratov region, including on behalf of commissions for minors. During interdepartmental interaction 1054 families were identified who are in a socially dangerous situation, 3864 of them are children. An individual program of social rehabilitation has been developed for each family. 1236 children were placed in social rehabilitation centers for minors and centers for social assistance to families and children for the course of social rehabilitation. Of them: 396 people - children living in families in socially dangerous situations; 92 people -
children left without parental care or legal representatives; the rest are in a different difficult life situation.
Organize inspections, and if there is reason to investigate and institute criminal proceedings, since preventive work on crimes committed against minors is one of the important components of the work to protect the legitimate rights and interests of children and, undoubtedly, one of the main and priority tasks of the relevant institutions Russian Federation.
Thus, the psychological and pedagogical analysis of the problem of family bullying of children, the current social situation indicates that family violence in general and against children is not particularly reduced, but rather progresses. These challenges require the consolidation of the efforts of the whole society, and not just special authorized organizations. The solution to this socially significant problem must first be focused on the prevention and prevention of domestic violence.
References
[1] Protocol of the Meeting of the Government Commission for the Prevention of Crime. Available at: https://mvd.ru/upload/site1/document_file/xRSfpXFx3H.doc (Accessed 1, December 2019).
[2] Official website of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. Available at: http://www.sledcom.ru (Accessed 1, December 2019).
[3] Orlova, Yu.R. (2014). Some Features of Latent Juvenile Delinquency and the Problems of its Detection in the Conditions of Transformation of Russian Society. Russian Investigator. No. 8. P. 37. (in Russian).
