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УДК 622.27.479.24 http://doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2022-1-7-12
Prospects of Daschkesan iron ore deposit development
Zarifa Jahangir kyzy AFANDIYEVA*
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan Abstract
The topicality the subject. To meet Azerbaijan's growing demand for ferrous metallurgical raw materials, there are sufficient reserves of iron ore deposits that can be put into industrial operation. These are related to the future development of the mining industry in the Daschkesan iron ore group, including the promising South-Daschkesan and Damirov fields. The re-exploitation of the Daschkesan iron ore group will have a positive impact on the socioeconomic development of the region, as well as strengthen the position of the mining industry and metallurgy in the country's non-oil sector. The resumption of Daschkesan iron ore production will also make an important contribution to the development of a number of by-products, improve employment in the regions, and create new and wider opportunities for local companies.
The purpose of the study. In the rich areas of the Daschkesan iron ore deposit, due to the reduction of the amount of iron in the ores, the enrichment is the production of granules for the production of iron by the sponge method. Research methods. Along with the study, research and exploration of ferrous metal ore deposits in the territory of the republic, geophysical research and geological exploration work has been started for the re-commissioning of the Daschkesan iron ore deposit. The first 3-dimensional geological model of the Daschkesan iron ore deposit was developed using special software. The goal is to produce iron ore deposits in a short period of time and meet the demand for quality raw materials for the production of ferrous metallurgy products.
Results. Considering that the use of wastes will increase the efficiency of field development, it is necessary to economically evaluate, sort and use metal-bearing wastes discharged into the Goshgarchay River during the enrichment of magnetite ore in the past as a valuable building material such as sand and gravel in Ganja region. It is planned to establish joint ventures with waste from mining enterprises and concentrators, slag from the pipe rolling plant, and waste from the Ganja aluminum plant.
Conclusion. The future development of the mining industry in our country can be achieved through the complex use of iron ore deposits of the Daschkesan group, quarry waste, waste from the enrichment of magnetic ores.
Keywords: Daschkesan, iron ore, skarn-magnetite, sponge iron production, granules, waste.
Introduction
Being a complex natural product, mineral raw-material resources are of great importance in the technical, economic and social development of society. For this reason, the importance of mineral raw-material resources in modern times is constantly growing. At present, the dynamic growth and socio-economic development of Azerbaijan prove that providing industry with necessary mineral resources is a sharp and urgent issue. This, in turn, requires increasing the activity of complex use of metals and ores, as well as the complex recycling of waste and remnants of previously developed deposits by using new techniques and technologies.
It is known that iron and manganese ores, chromite, coking coal, flux and refractory raw materials are the main resources in the development of ferrous metallurgy. Azerbaijan has ferrous metallurgy raw material base with sufficient reserves.
Azerbaijan's iron ore deposits are mainly located in Daschkesan ore region. (Daschkesan, South Daschkesan and Demirvar are deposits and their industrial reserves are more
Sefendi2005@rambler.ru
than 300 million tons). Mineral raw-material resources of these deposits, concentrated in limited areas, can be processed in the future through a single technology.
These deposits have long played a key role in the mineral raw-material resource base of the republic. During the former USSR, in 1945, Daschkesan Ore dressing OJSC (formerly Azerbaijan Mining and Processing Plant) operated on the basis of these deposits, and the obtained iron ore concentrate was sent to the Transcaucasian Metallurgical Plant in Rustavi, Georgia.
Iron ores are found in segregation-magmatic, skarn-magnetite, hydrothermal-metasomatic and sedimentary origins. Of them, only skarn-magnetite type is of industrial importance [1-3].
Daschkesan iron ore deposit is located on the northeastern slope of the Little Caucasus, in the valley of Goshgarchay River in Daschkesan region of the republic, at an altitude of 1700 meters above sea level, 35 km south of Ganja. Daschkesan iron ore deposit is the largest iron ore deposit in Transcaucasia.
t 4 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 V Ш rF 7" toIT r ltt \ |t2
Figurel. Geological map of Daschkesan iron deposit [4]:
1 - granitoida; 2 - gnbroids; 3 -JfGj, tutfsaaGstones, quartzporphya and their tuffs; 4 - J2bt1, tuffits, tuff breccias, diabase porphyries; 5 - J2bt2, lapilli magnetite tuffs, tuffits; 6 - J2cl, argillites; 7 - J3luz, marb^ liEestnnes; 8 - J.km, ruffs, tuffits, hornstones, skaans; 9 - K1J3, ciiabase porphyries; 10 - dikes of the main composition; k 1 - mag netlte ores; 1 2 - ha cttres
Рисунок 1. Геологическая карта Дашкесанского железорудного месторождения [4]: 1 - гранитоиды; 2 - габроиды; 3 - J2b-туфопесчаники, кварцаеЕаые порфиры и их туфы; 4-J2bt1, туффиты, туфобрекчии, диабазовые порфиры; 5 - J2bt2, лапиллиевые магнетитивые тусклы, тусС|фите1; 6 - J2cl, аргиллиты; 7 - J3luz, мраморовидные известняки; 8 - J3km, туфы, туффиты, роговики, скарны; 9 - K1J3, диабазовые порфиры; 10 - дайки основного состава; 11 -магнетитовые руды; -2 - трещины разлома
Hie area of the deposit belongs to Somkhito-Karabakh structural-fascial zone of the Little Caucasus and consists of Middle and Upper Jurassic volcanic-sedimentary rocks.
Middle Jurassic consists of quastz porphyries and their tuffs, tufalevritlites and quartz tuff sandstones, porphyrites, tuffs, magnetite tuff sandstones, sandstones, tuffs and tuffits.
Upper Jurassic sediments begin with argellite, sandstone and marl, arid consist of agglomerate tuffs, calcareous tuffits and tuffireccias, limestones (up to 250 m thickness), tuffs and tuffits on them [4-5]. Fig. 1 shows a geological map of Daschkesan iron ore deposit.
There are four stages in the formation of the intrusive: the first stage - various gabbro, gabbro-syenites, quartz diorites and syenite-diorites, the second stage - adamellites, granodiorites, syenite-diorites, the third stage - dikes, larger alaskite and granite-aplite, the last fourth stage - a large number of diazase dikes, diabase porphyry, partly lamprofir [6-10].
The composition of Daschkesan iron magnetite ores contains Fe2O3 = 30.53-68.57%, FeO = 0-25.62%, SiO2 = 4.7-35.0%, Al2O3 = 0.17-15.35%, CaO = 11.6-20.5% .
Daschkesan iron ore deposit was known to the population of Azerbaijan in ancient and medieval times. This is evidenced by the presence of various iron products found during arche-ological excavations in Azerbaijan - jewelry, weapons, house-
hold items, primary blast furnaces and ancient small mines in Daschkesan deposit where ore layers came to the surface.
Well-known medieval historian and geographer Hamdul-la Gazvini's work "Nuzatul Gulub" provides information about the extraction of oil, iron ore, copper and precious stones (chalcedony, ruby and lazurite) in Azerbaijan [11, 12].
The first information about Daschkesan iron ore deposit was published in Gorniy journal (St. Petersburg) in 1825. Moreover, in 1865, some information about the deposit was provided by famous German geologist G. V. Abih.
At the end of the 19th century, a number of articles on Daschkesan iron ore deposit were published in "Caucasus" newspaper and the issue of its development was put forward.
In 1900, A. P. Terpigorev misinformed about the depletion of iron ore reserves in Krivoy Rog deposit, and he brought the issue of iron ore exploration in Daschkesan deposit with the help of drilling to prominence. A. P. Terpigorev provided some information about the probable reserves of Daschkesan iron ore deposit and the composition of the ore. He noted that a sample of ore obtained from the deposit was tested in the furnace at Sulinsky plant, and the results were very favorable.
In 1914, German Metallurgical Society was interested in Daschkesaniron ore deposit. Its representatives tried to sign a 30-yearcontract with a former entrepreneur to exploit Daschke-sanore deposit, but it was prevented by the First World War.
In the 1927-1928s, geological exploration of iron ores was carried out in the deposit under the direction of E. G. Bagratuni.
After 1950, a number of articles by prominent geologists oe Azerbaijan M. A. Kashkai, D. I. Ahmadov, E. S. Babayev, . A. Mustafab eyli, G. H. Efendiyev and others on specific issues of geology and mineral resources of Daschkesan deposit began to be published.
In r952, 18. A. Kashkai and I. M. Liberzon conducted a research and exploration of ores in the southern parts of iron ore and cobalt deposits. Then, in 1954, the recalculation of iron ore reserves in the northern deposits of Daschkesan was carried out by G. D. Cordover. All these researches and calculations 9eDaschkesan iron ore reserves became a reliable basis for the construction of the Transcaucasian Metallurgical Plant.
The first iron ore was extracted from Daschkesan iron deposit in 1954. Daschkesan iron ore deposit was intensively exploited from 1954 to 1994. During this period, the amount o f iron ore extracted from the deposit amounted to 92 million tons. After the collapse of the USSR, the plant was shut down and a small amount of Daschkesan iron ore was supplied to Turkey and other countries.
After the collapse of the USSR, due to the deterioration of the socio-economic situation in Azerbaijan, the exploitation of Daschkesan iron ore deposit was suspended. Daschkesan iron ore is one of the largest deposits. Skarn-magnetite mineralization is represented in some areas by flat layered sediments with a thickness of 45-60 m and a length of 1900-4000 m.
In the last century, Daschkesan iron ore deposit was very attractive in the former USSR for professional geologists of various specialties: mineralogists, geochemists, petrographers, geo-physicists and teachers of the best scientific academic institutes.
Every year, hundreds of students had an industrial internship at Daschkesan iron ore deposit. At that time, being there
was the greatest dream of the USSR mineral collectors. What made Daschkesan iron ore deposit so popular? For scientists, the deposit was a wonderful natural laboratory where they could successfully study the best nuances of mineral and ore genesis occurring in skarns and related hydrothermal formations. The walls of Daschkesan quarry were a visual aid for student geologists and their teachers, a classic example of almost giant-skarn iron ore and cobalt deposits. We hope that the resumption of work on Daschkesan deposit will make mineral collectors even happier with new findings.
About 100 minerals have been discovered in Daschkesan deposit, 42 of which are hypergenic minerals of the oxidation zone. In addition to magnetite, hypogenic minerals include: iron, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, zinc, lead and copper sulfides, cobaltin, glaucodot, arsenopyrite, saflorite, maghemit, muscovite, ilmenite, quartz, rutile, spinel, garnet, pyroxene, amphibole, ilvaite, epidote, orthite, talc, sericite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite and dikite, plagioclase, chlorite, zeolite, carbonate, alunite, apatite, fluorite, etc.
In accordance with the Order of the President of Azerbaijan Republic dated August 6, 2020, "AzerGold" Closed Joint-Stock Company (CJSC) launched geophysical research and geological exploration works for the re-exploitation of Daschkesan iron ore deposit. The goal is to put iron ore deposits into operation in a short period of time and meet the demand for quality raw materials for the production of ferrous metallurgy products.
In accordance with the Order of the President of Azerbaijan Republic No. 2245 dated September 1, 2020, "AzerGold" CJSC was authorized to study, research, explore, develop and manage ferrous metal ore deposits in the territory of the country, as well as other activities related to the development of the deposit.
"AzerGold" developed a geological exploration program to evaluate Daschkesan iron ore deposit, besides, it developed an initial three-dimensional geological model of the deposit using special software.
At present, with the involvement of foreign companies and foreign investment, the necessary work is being done to reconstruct the processing plant on the basis of new technology and equipment.
Due to the reduction of iron in the ore in rich areas of the deposit, a more advanced method of enrichment is required, one of which is the obtaining of granules for the production of sponge iron [13-16] Increasing the capacity of the newly commissioned concentrators will increase the overall output of waste, which means the creation of new landfills. The full conversion of the concentrator to agglomeration concentrate will save fresh water during production.
During the enrichment of magnetite ore, polluted water is discharged into Goshgarchay River. At present, 40 million t of waste with a metal capacity up to 5.0-5.2 mln t. has been collected in the source of the river. These wastes are not economically valued and become a valuable material resource. Gravel (up to 25-26 mm in size) from sorted waste is a valuable construction material in high demand in intensively developing Ganja region. From this waste, sand and gravel can be transported by cable to Gushchu station and from there to consumers by rail. The use of waste will increase the efficiency of deposit development. Joint ventures can be created for the production of products from the waste of the mining and pro-
Figure 2. Modern view of Daschkesan iron ore deposit рисунок 2. современный вид Дашкесанского железорудного месторождения
cessing plant, slags of the pipe rolling plant, waste from Ganja aluminum plant. [17, 18].
Increasing the economic potential of the Republic of Azerbaijan is associated with the efficient use of resources of various newly discovered and completed mineral deposits in its territory, the development of mining and processing industries.
At present, the necessary work has been carried out with the involvement of foreign companies and foreign investment to reconstruct the mining and processing plant and quarries on the basis of new technologies and equipment. In the future, it is planned to put new deposits into operation in Daschkesan by increasing the production of marketable ore to 2 million tons per year.
During the preparation of the production development plan, it would be more expedient to include not only primary raw materials, but also products obtained from waste, and to correctly determine the prices of these products. It is also important to compile a cadastre for mining enterprises that reflects the quality of different types of waste.
Conclusion
The future development of mining industry in the country, improvement of processing of primary mineral raw materials and secondary resources should be carried out under the influence of the following factors:
1) involve the growth of ore production in the production area in promising South-Daschkesan and Damirov deposits;
2) use free labor resources of Daschkesan and adjacent regions;
3) organize effective development of auxiliary resources of faience limestones and clays in the region;
4) achieve complete utilization of waste collected in the quarries of Daschkesan and adjacent areas of mining and processing plant waste;
5) create a new enterprise for the production of sponge iron at the expense of electricity resources of the region by giving up blast furnace production. All this allows for the complex use of iron ore deposits of Daschkesan group, quarry waste, magnetic ore beneficiation waste, which will significantly increase the economic efficiency of ferrous metallurgy and ultimately save land, protect water resources and air pollution from the mining industry.
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The article was received on December 14, 2021
УДК 622.27.479.24 http://doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2022-1-7-12
Перспективы разработки Дашкесанского железорудного месторождения
Зарифа Джахангир кызы ЭФЕНДИЕВА
Азербайджанский государственный университет нефти и промышленности, Баку, Азербайджанская Республика Аннотация
Актуальность. Для удовлетворения растущего спроса Азербайджана на сырье черной металлургии имеются достаточные запасы месторождений железной руды, которые могут быть введены в промышленную эксплуатацию. Они связаны с перспективным развитием горнодобывающей промышленности Дашкесанской железорудной группы, включая перспективные Южно-Дашкесанское и Дамировское месторождения. Повторная разработка Дашкесанской железорудной группы окажет положительное влияние на социально-экономическое развитие региона, а также укрепит позиции горнодобывающей промышленности и металлургии в не-нефтяном секторе страны. Возобновление добычи дашкесанской железной руды также внесет важный вклад в развитие ряда побочных продуктов, улучшит занятость в регионах и создаст новые и более широкие возможности для местных компаний.
Цель исследования. На богатых участках Дашкесанского железорудного месторождения, в связи со снижением количества железа в рудах, обогащение заключается в производстве гранул для добычи железа губчатым способом.
Методы исследования. Наряду с изучением и разведкой месторождений руд черных металлов на территории республики начаты геофизические исследования и геологоразведочные работы по вводу в эксплуатацию Дашкесанского железорудного месторождения. С помощью специального программного обеспечения была разработана первая трехмерная геологическая модель Дашкесанского железорудного месторождения. Цель - разработка железорудных месторождений в короткие сроки и обеспечение потребности в качественном сырье для изготовления продукции черной металлургии.
Результаты. Учитывая, что использование отходов повысит эффективность разработки месторождений, необходимо экономически оценить, отсортировать и использовать металлсодержащие отходы, в прошлом сбрасываемые в реку Гошгарчай при обогащении магнетитовых руд, в качестве ценного строительного материала, такого как песок и гравий в Гянджинском районе. Планируется создание совместных предприятий с отходами горнодобывающих предприятий и обогатительных фабрик, шлаком трубопрокатного завода, отходами Гянджинского алюминиевого завода.
Выводы. Перспективное развитие горнодобывающей промышленности нашей страны может быть обеспечено за счет комплексного использования железорудных месторождений Дашкесанской группы, отходов карьеров, отходов обогащения магнитных руд.
Ключевые слова: Дашкесан, железорудный, скарново-магнетитовый, добыча губчатого железа, гранулы, отходы.
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Статья поступила в редакцию 14 декабря 2021 года
