CC BY
9YHeHbiH XXI BeKa • 2022 • № 3 (84)
PROSPECTS FOR EMPLOYMENT IN SMALL BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF STABILIZATION OF FINANCIAL
SECURITY
N.A. Shakirova1
This article analyzes the role of small business and private entrepreneurship in the development of the regional and national economy of the republic, as well as foreign countries, and its development trends in industries. Also, proposals and recommendations were developed for the further development of this sector as a result of accumulation of advanced foreign and local experience in this field.
Key words: small business and private small business, business and private entrepreneurship entities, small business support system, key indicators of small business development, forms of regulation of small business development.
Introduction
Regions play an important role in small business development. It is the local authorities that know exactly the financial and material capabilities of their territory, the real needs of the population for certain types of products and services, areas of activity in terms of the region and ways to effectively use resources in the form of ownership.
In his address to the Oliy Majlis on December 28, 2018, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan said: "Every family is an entrepreneur", "Youth is our future", about 2 trillion soums have been allocated and more than 2,600 business projects have been implemented. Starting this year, 5.5 trillion soums have been left in the regions due to the over-fulfillment of taxes. This is 6 times more than last year, and 32 times more than in 2016 - I ask you to pay attention to this "[1].
The experience of our country in using the influence of local authorities in the development of business structures shows that in recent years, a sufficiently serious development of entrepreneurship has been ensured. It should be noted that as of January 1, 2018, more than 229.6 thousand out of 285.5 thousand enterprises operating in the country are small businesses, and 10% of them are small enterprises operating in the construction sector. From the organizational and legal point of view, 75.8 thousand of the total enterprises are private enterprises.
In terms of regions, Tashkent region plays a special role in the development of entrepreneurial activity, accounting for 9.4% of the total number of operating enterprises in the region and is second only to Tashkent. However, in terms of the number of small businesses and micro-firms per 1,000 population, it ranks 4th in the region and is 14.2 units.
The number of registered small enterprises and micro-firms in the region is growing steadily. In particular, as of January 1, 2015, their number was 21,741, and the share of regions in the country was 9.8%. As a result of measures taken to increase the role of local authorities in the development of entrepreneurship in the regions, as of January 1, 2018, this figure was 25,128, and the share of this region in this indicator reached 10.4%.
The main problems observed in opening small businesses are the lack of necessary premises, problems with obtaining credit or high-interest loans. With this in mind, despite the annual development and approval of special programs for the development of small business in Uzbekistan, there are still shortcomings that hinder the development of small business.
In our opinion, one of the main reasons for the above problems is the transition to a market economy on the basis of top-down administrative command, bypassing the interests of the entrepreneur, which is the basis of the market system. The logic of creating a market economy itself requires moving from the bottom up, ie from the interests of the entrepreneur to the creation of a centralized market infrastructure (tax, credit policy, banking, stock exchange, etc.) that implements and organizes this interest.
1Shakirova Nigora Akhralovna - Senior Lecturer of Tashkent Financial Institute.
YneHbiH XXI BeKa • 2022 • № 3 (84)
It is impossible not to acknowledge the shortcomings associated with identifying the sources of initial capital formation for small business start-ups.
General, regional and sectoral problems of small business and private entrepreneurship development in the transition to a market economy in the country are widely covered in the scientific work of a number of scientists of the republic.
Other well-known scientists who have conducted research on socio-economic processes and the development of small business and private entrepreneurship in our country, in their research have studied the theoretical and practical aspects of modeling regional, sectoral, infrastructure facilities of the economy.
It should be noted that today there is not enough research on the scientific and practical research of small business development trends in the country by scientists of our country, or most of them are devoted to theoretical problems of entrepreneurship.
Therefore, scientific and theoretical problems in the country today, such as improving the classification of small business, identifying and evaluating development trends, identifying gaps and imbalances in the development of the economy and property sectors, identifying priorities through scientific analysis of institutional changes in small business development. Systematic analysis of the genesis and development laws, antitrust policy, competitive environment and mechanisms, assessment of the development and prospects of small business in the country using effective methods and models to assess the sustainability of economic development in developed countries, analysis of the attractiveness of economic sectors for small businesses An extension that allows small businesses to extend their "life cycle" and monitor their sustainable and balanced development. There is a real need to solve scientific and practical problems, such as the development of statistical indicators, identification of trends in the development of small business in the regions of the country.
The main goal of the state's financial policy towards small business is to eliminate the negative situation in the credit market, to finance the shortcomings in its financial stability, as well as to finance quality programs and projects aimed at developing the internal capacity and competitiveness of small businesses. No fund can fulfill such a responsible task without a clear policy on the development and support of small business by the state.
One of the main goals of economic reforms in Uzbekistan today is to achieve economic growth, create an efficient economy that provides a high standard of living for the population and ensure its active participation in the global economic community. While the current situation is a sufficiently optimistic solution to achieve this lofty goal, the support of small business has its own independent purpose, depending on its facilities, and their main directions include:
• comprehensive support for the practice of pure competition;
• formation of a wide range of owners and entrepreneurs;
• ensuring maximum self-formation of citizens in the implementation of entrepreneurial activities;
• encouraging the priority activities of the subjects of promising areas of small business development;
• facilitate the mobilization of resources and their use in priority areas;
• supporting the participation of small businesses in the implementation of major national economic programs and projects, as well as in the supply of goods and activities for public needs;
• providing benefits and preferences for the modernization of production facilities of small enterprises, the introduction of advanced technologies and new equipment;
• ensuring the sustainability of small business in a competitive environment by reducing the impact of high trade and financial risks associated with small businesses.
Undoubtedly, it would be expedient to focus primarily on small businesses engaged in the type of activity identified as one of the priorities, including the priority right to assistance, including benefits and preferences.
International experience in the development of small business and private entrepreneurship has shown that small business needs financial and economic support, rather than administrative control.
Ученый XXI века • 2022 • № 3 (84)
Therefore, government guarantees are important for small businesses. State guarantees should systematically implement actions aimed at protecting the rights of business entities, as well as create a system of measures to protect investments, regardless of whether they are investors or registered legal entities. The effective operation of this system, in turn, will be provided to all investors engaged in investment activities in the region.
References:
1. Address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to the Oliy Majlis of December 28, 2018 / uza.uz.
2. Abdullaev A.M., Abduraxmanov O.X., Zokirova N.K. Forecasting and modeling of national economies. -T: Science and technology, 2007. - 575 p.
3. Abdullaev Yo., Karimov F. Small business and entrepreneurship. - T .: Labor. 2000,
4. Ambartsumyan A.A. Malye predpriyatiya v sisteme ekonomicheskix otnosheniy v usloviyax perexoda Uzbekistana k rynku .: Avtoref. dis... .kand. ekon. nauk. - Tashkent .: 1996. -27 p.,
5. Ataniyazov B. Management of development of economic and ecological systems. -T .: Fan, 1998. - 124 p.,
7. Berkinov B.B. Modelirovanie sistem vedeniya selskogo khozyaystva. - T .: Fan, 1991.,
8. Gulyamov S.S., Dogil L.F., Semenov D. Entrepreneurship and small business. - T .: TGEU, 1996. - p.19-83.,
9. Aslonov, S., & Ruzimurodova, Z. (2020). THE USE OF ACRONYMS AND INITIALISMS IN BUSSINES ENGLISH. Студенческий вестник, (12-5), 34-35.
10. Sherzodovich, A. S. (2020). The role of online teaching and innovative methods. Science and education, 1(3), 524-528.
11. SHERZODOVICH, A. S., & KIZI, R. Z. D. (2020). Interpretation and Written Translation: Related Learning. INTERPRETATION, 6(6).
© N.A. Shakirova, 2022.
