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UDC 339
PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
Peng Qian Scientific supervisor - Yu. A. Anikina
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology 31, Krasnoyarskii rabochii prospekt, Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation
E-mail: 952021415@qq.com
Based on the research on the theory of international economic integration, the new situation and characteristics of the development of international economic integration are summarized. The development prospects and problems of international economic integration are studied.
Keywords: economic integration, risks, problems, prospects, international integration, international trade, trade protection.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ
ИНТЕГРАЦИИ
Пэн Цянь
Научный руководитель - Ю. А. Аникина
Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева Российская Федерация, 660037, г. Красноярск, просп. им. газеты «Красноярский рабочий», 31
E-mail: 952021415@qq.com
На основании исследований по теории международной экономической интеграции обобщены новая ситуация и особенности развития международной экономической интеграции. Исследованы перспективы развития и проблемы международной экономической интеграции.
Ключевые слова: экономическая интеграция, риски, проблемы, перспективы, международная интеграция, международная торговля, защита торговли.
Since the 1980s, major changes have taken place in world politics and economy. The international division of labor and international exchanges has developed in breadth and depth, and the tendency of internationalization of commodity production, commodity circulation, technology transfer, and capital flows has become more pronounced, and the imbalance in world economic development has increased. In this way, while economic globalization is advancing, the trend of international economic integration has been further strengthened, which has become an important feature of economic development in the contemporary world [1].
The term «international economic integration» was first proposed with specific meanings, and
Секция «Проблемы и перспективы международной интеграции в современном бизнесе»
indicates the state of affairs and processes of unity and regulation between countries in certain areas of social reproduction. After the 1990s, it was also used to indicate that countries are increasingly relying on each other economically. In the 21st century, people have clearly defined the concept of «globalization» and defined «international economic integration» as two or more countries. They have signed treaties or agreements with each other in order to achieve common economic and political goals. Set goals for common development. International academic circles generally divide international integration into six types or organizational forms, namely preferential tariff zones, free trade zones, customs unions, common markets, economic unions, and complete economic integration. These six types of organizational forms are the choices made by members according to their different economic and political conditions at different stages of development.
Generally speaking, as an international economic integration organization. It should have at least the following characteristics: First, it is a contractual organization. That is, it is an economic cooperation organization and economic union relationship established between countries by reaching some kind of agreement. Second, it is a reciprocal organization. That is to say, the member states within the organization provide preferential benefits not enjoyed by non-member states, and the benefits relate to commodities, capital, and labor mobility. Third, it is an exclusive organization. That is, the policy is external, and preferential internal resources are concentrated inward. Fourth, it is a regional organization. Geographical connection and closeness are the natural starting points for the integration process. These countries have close historical and cultural ties, and have a tradition of economic cooperation and ties. They are the basis for connecting markets and expanding outreach.
The development of modern economic integration organizations began in the late 1950s and early 1960s. At that time, there were two most influential international economic integration organizations. One was the Economic Mutual Aid Committee; the other was the European Economic Community. In the 1960s and 1970s, with the collapse of the colonial system, developing countries that gained political independence established various regional economic cooperation organizations in order to develop the national economy and accelerate the process of industrialization. Since the 1980s, international economic integration has entered a new period of development. International economic integration has developed greatly in terms of depth and breadth. Especially since the 1990s, the trend of international economic integration has significantly accelerated and formed. Three regional urban international economic integration organizations that have a significant impact on the contemporary world economy [2].
International economic integration has good development prospects. The development significance of international economic integration is to seek to make up for structural defects in human or resources through cooperation. The effective way to solve this problem is to implement regional economic integration among neighboring or similar countries and countries within a specific economic geography. The effect of economies of scale is huge and labor productivity is increasing. In modern production, there is a growing trend of technology and capital intensive development. As for enterprises, an effective way to improve competitiveness is to increase productivity and expand production scale. Within the relevant international economic integration organizations, various production factors and commodities among participating member states can achieve a free flow, which is largely conducive to expanding the economic scale of enterprises and increasing labor productivity. The tariffs required to reduce production and distribution costs are a significant proportion of the cost of goods for any country and its enterprises, and the realization of
regional economic integration has reduced or exempted tariffs among member countries within the organization. Naturally, the production and distribution costs of imported raw materials and exported goods can be reduced, which makes the regional member countries have a great competitive advantage compared with countries or enterprises outside the organization.
It takes several times to stabilize the exchange rate and prevent the financial crisis. The global financial crisis has caused huge damage to the economies of countries around the world. Many years of hard work have been ruined, especially in developed countries. The lesson is very serious. The effective method of the regional economic integration theory of the financial crisis is to stabilize the currency exchange rate of the country, form alliances and advance together and retreat, implement international economic integration, in order to stabilize the exchange rate with a common force, and effectively prevent the financial crisis [3].
The international economic integration also faces many problems. The research point is that there are still some uncontrollable factors in the development of economic and trade cooperation. At present, it seems that complementary advantages are achieved, the free flow of production factors and products, and the voluntary optimization of the allocation will indeed promote the two parties or Multi-party economic development, but the problem of uneven distribution of benefits currently exists. Just as in the process of economic globalization, developed countries gain more benefits, the advantages and disadvantages of developing countries, and the state of national development is a factor in measuring development. Then in this uneven distribution of benefits and long-term stability of cooperative organizations, if the policies and regulations of economic organizations cannot be coordinated to maintain organizational stability, international economic integration will have great disadvantages [4].
Due to the continuous innovation of transportation, communication and other means, the links between countries are getting closer, the economies of countries around the world are merging and infiltrating, and the world economy is becoming globalized and integrated. For developing countries, global economic integration is a «Double-edged sword». It not only brings new opportunities for the vast number of developing countries to catch up with developed countries, but also promotes economic development. Risks and threats, and we need to comprehensively analyze the world's economic, political, and social development trends, profoundly judge the positive and negative effects of global economic integration, and formulate corresponding countermeasures based on the actual situation to better integrate into the integration and promote our own development.
References
1. Quan Yi. Development Trend of Global Regional Economic Integration and China's Countermeasures, 2015.
2. A. J. Venables. Regional Integration Agreements: A Force for Convergence or Divergence? Policy Research Working Paper. World Bank, 1999.
3. Sheng Bin. Opportunities and Challenges to Meet New Rules of International Trade and Investment. International Trade, 2014.
4. Song Guoyou. Global Free Trade Agreement Competition and China's Strategic Choice. Modern International Relations, 2013.
© Peng Qian, 2020
