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The experimental data in Table 2 show that reduction content of residual fuel ash to 7-8% produces the same effects of changes of basic structural and mechanical characteristics, such as increasing quantity of clay adding to 10%, i.e. the effect of residual fuel as plasticizer.
However, regulation of the system containing residual fuel in an ash and plasticity, amount of clay input didn't reach the transfer of ash-clay compositions on the first or second structural-mechanical type, providing defect-free plastic molding ceramic materials. Basically, in the test system limits the quality and amount of components related to the third structural-mechanical type with the greatest development of elastic deformation or the fourth and fifth predominance of plastic.
References / Список литературы
1. Zolotarskij A.Z., Jaskevich T.G. Ob osobennostjah himiko-tehnologicheskih i strukturno-mehanicheskih svojstv syr'ja dlja proizvodstva zologlinjannogo kirpicha // Sb. nauch. trudov VNIIStroma Moskva, 1989. S. 105-115.
2. Burlakov G.S. «Osnovy tehnologii keramiki I iskusstvennyh poristyh zapolnitelej» // Moskva, 1982. 424 s.
3. Kashkaev I.S. Shejman E.Sh. Proizvodstvo keramicheskogo kirpicha // M.: Vysshaja shkola, 1974. 287 s.
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH USE THE ASHES SLAG OF WASTE Kaliyeva Zh.E.1, Smagulova R.K.2 Email: [email protected]
'Kaliyeva Zhanar Eralinovna — PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor;
2Smagulova Raya Kapanovna — Teacher, TECHNOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, ASTANA, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: analysis of the data indicates that when added an ash as fine aggregate set to concrete mixtures, it contributes strength to the heat treatment conditions at 900 C. Thus, with increasing fly ash instead of sand '0 to 40% (50-200 kg) increases the strength of concrete samples by 0.9 - 2.5 times. Compositions of heavy concrete of brands '00 and 200, light concrete of brands 50 and '00 with use of ashes of hydroremoval of Zhezkazgansky combined heat and power plant are developed and their construction and operational properties are investigated.
Keywords: ashes slag waste, ashes of hydroremoval of combined heat and power plant, compositions of heavy concrete, compositions of light concrete, optimum structure.
СВОЙСТВА БЕТОНОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ЗОЛОШЛАКОВЫХ
ОТХОДОВ Калиева Ж.Е.1, Смагулова Р.К.2
'КалиеваЖанар Ералиновна — кандидат технических наук, доцент; 2Смагулова Рая Капановна — преподаватель, кафедра технологии промышленного и гражданского строительства, Евразийский национальный университет им. Л.Н. Гумилева, г. Астана, Республика Казахстан
Аннотация: анализ полученных данных свидетельствует, что добавление в бетонные смеси золы в качестве мелкого заполнителя способствует набору прочности в условиях тепловой обработки при 90 0С. Так, при увеличении количества золы взамен песка от 10 до 40% (50-200 кг) прочность бетонных образцов увеличивается в 0,9 - 2,5 раза. Разработаны составы тяжелых бетонов марок 100 и 200, легких бетонов марок 50 и 100 с использованием золы гидроудаления Жезказганской ТЭЦ и исследованы их строительно -эксплуатационные свойства.
Ключевые слова: золошлаковые отходы, золы гидроудаления ТЭЦ, составы тяжелых бетонов, составы легких бетонов, оптимальный состав.
YffK 666.973.2 DOI: 10.20861/2304-2338-2017-102-002
Kazakhstan has accumulated a huge amount of ash of thermal power plants, which is increasing by 16 million tons annually. At full development only Ekibastuz fuel has already reached about 30 million tons of energy complex of the annual output volume of ash and slag waste, but the volume of use does not exceed 4%. in the country.
Issues of using ashes and slagsin the reinforced concrete production are devoted to numerous scientific studies of the Almaty NIIstromproekt [1.2]. Found that ash of CHP and GRES of Republic can be used for the production of agloporite, fly-ash aggregate, bricks, as an adsmixture for concrete instead of cement and sand parts, as fine aggregate for expanded-clay concrete, for binding material in the aerated concrete production, ash concrete, intended for livestock buildings, etc.
Installed hydraulic activity of a number of ashes and their performance instead of the cementparts. Developed and approved abasis for regulatory for the use of ashes in building materials. They are national construction norms for expanded-clay concrete preparetion RSN 32, national construction norms for preparation and application of heavy concrete with ash and slag mixtures and fly-ash of TPP RSN 33 and national construction norms for use ash and slag mixtures of TTP of Kazakhstan for construction mortar RSN 31.
Experience of using ashes shows the efficiency and expediency of their application. It is found that efficiency of cement in expanded-clay concreteis 10-30% and in heavy concrete up to 20%. In addition, a heavy sand in expanded-clay concrete is completely replaced and partially (30-50%) in a heavy concrete composition.
The aim of study is to develop consistency of heavy and lightweight concrete using fly ash hydroremoval of TPP of Zhezkazgan and determination of their construction and performance characteristics.
Selected a composition of heavy concrete grades 100, 200, and expanded-clay concretegrades 50 and 100. Optimization of compositions performed on the basis of the average level of strength and taking into account the actual concrete homogeneity.
1. Determined by B/B, depending on the required strength of the concrete by:
B/B = ARB/ ( R6 + 0 , 5 A RB)
where:
RB- cement activity;
R6 - design grade of concrete:
A - material quality factor.
2. Estimated water consumption determined based on the required concrete consistency and coarse aggregate.
The concrete consistency for heavy concrete grade 100 (2-4 cm), concrete grade 200 (3-5 cm) and expanded-clay concrete grade 50-100 (1-4 cm) taken in accordance with technical data of the product.
3. Cement consumption is determined by:
q= B : B/U,
where:
B - estimated water consumption.
4. Consumption of gravel is determined by:
m = 1000/ a(n^/ pHJ + 1/ Pi
where:
n^ - porosity of gravel;
a - gravel grade spreading factor with grout;
pHII-bulk density of crashed concrete;
Pm~ effective density of gravel.
5. Consumption of sand is determined by:
n=[ 1000 - W/ p„+B+m/ PI] xpn
where:
W, B, n h m - cement, water, sand and gravel consumption, kg;
p,, pi, pn - effective density of cement, gravel and sand.
As control compositions in the manufacture of concrete compositions made without the addition of
ash.
Natural sand in expanded-clay concreteis completely replaced, and from 10 to 50% in heavy concrete.
During the preparation of sample batches, concrete composition mixtures adjusted to obtain specified consistency. If cone slump was less than specified, then was added 2 - 3% to prepared mixture of designed amount of cement and water, while keeping recieved as constant. If consistency is greater than specified, added in small portions (3 - 5% by weight) sand and gravel, while keeping the relationship between them, by a predetermined calculation.
Determined density of concrete mixture in a compacted state (it should not differ from the designed value more than 2%) and refined compositions. As when adjusting the volume of the sample batch has changed, we established its actual volume.
Analysis of the data indicates that when added an ash as fine aggregate set to concrete mixtures,it contributes strength to the heat treatment conditions at 900 C. Thus, with increasing fly ash instead of sand 10 to 40% (50-200 kg) increases the strength of concrete samples by 0.9 - 2.5 times.
Adding fly ash to expanded-clay concreteinstead cement part (15-20%) with the complete replacement of heavy sand, a beneficial effect on the properties of concrete, increasing the strength characteristics, consistency and the uniformity of the mixtures.
This is due to the activity of the ash, which is manifested by steaming and plasticizing properties, and it is consistent with the published data [3].
The average density of expanded-clay concrete 50-100 kg lower than compared to the expanded-clay concrete on natural sand.
Optimum compositions are shown in Table 1.
Segregation of concrete mixture grade 200 when OK = 5-6 cm and 100 grade with OK = 5-6 cm was determined according to GOST 10181.4. Indicator of separation solution of concrete mixture grade 100 and 200, respectively, of 3.78 and 3.85%.
Table 1. Optimum concrete compositionsusing ash hydroremoval of Zhezkazgan TPP
Concrete type Concre te grade Cone slump, sm Consumption per 1 m3 of concrete, kg Average density, kg/m3
Cement Ash Sand Gravel Expanded clay aggregate
heavy 100 5-6 180 220 600 1260 - 2300
200 5-6 250 190 600 1170 - 2280
light 50 1-4 180 110 - - 670 1000
75 1-4 200 200 - - 670 1100
100 1-4 220 270 - - 670 1200
Concrete water separation was determined by sedimentation in a cylindrical vessel for 1.5 hours. After selecting separate water line, water separation was determined concrete mixture. Dehydration of concrete grade 100 OK = 5-6 cm and 200 grade with OK = 5-6 cm, respectively, were 2.5 and 3.6 l / m3.
Tests in accordance with GOST 10181.4 shows that separation of the concrete mixture is within the allowable. Dehydration of the concrete mixture at the same P2 mobility increases with increasing dosages of binder.
The actual average strength and uniformity performance of concrete strength was determined according to GOST 18105.0. The definitions of homogeneity of concrete strength showed that the coefficient of variation of heavy concrete grade 100 and 200, respectively, of 5.62 and 4.15%.
The coefficient of variation of heavy concrete of all grades, in accordance with GOST 13015.0 "Design and articles of concrete and reinforced concrete prefabricated" should be not more than 9%. The data show that the selected homogeneity of concrete strength compliance.
Thus, the selected optimal compositions of heavy and lightweight concrete using fly ash hydroremoval of Zhezkazgan TPP. Use of fly ash in heavy concrete reduces the cement consumption by50 kg (15%) and 40% of sand. Adding fly ash to expanded-clay concretereduces the cement consumption by 20% and reduces the average density of 50 - 100 kg.
References / Список литературы
1. Ajapov U.A. Issledovanie v oblasti mestnyh vjazhushhih materialov // Trudy Almatinskogo Nllstromproekta. Vyp. 12. Almaty, 1999. 210 s.
2. Kuatbaev K.K. i dr. Mineral'no-syrevye resursy respubliki Kazahstan dlja proizvodstva stroitel'nyh materialov // Sbomik trudov ZAO «NIIstromproekt». Almaty: KazGOSINTI, 2011. Kn. 1. S. 18-20.
3. Bozhenov P.I. i dr. Ispol'zovanie pobochnyh produktov v proizvodstve cementa // Cement. № 9, 2004. S. 22-24.
АНАЛИЗ ИСХОДНОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МЕТОДИКИ АНАЛИЗА ВРЕМЕННЫХ РЯДОВ ПРИ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИИ ДИНАМИКИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ЧИСЛА АБОНЕНТОВ Конюк А.О. Email: [email protected]
Конюк Алина Олеговна — магистрант, факультет инфокоммуникационных технологий и систем связи, Сибирский государственный университет телекоммуникации и информатики, г. Новосибирск
Аннотация: одним из главных показателей прибыльности оператора сотовой связи является количество абонентов. В свою очередь, количество абонентов определяется численностью активного населения, благосостоянием граждан (средним доходам), расходами на проживание (прожиточный минимум). Поэтому, учитывая эти показатели за три года, представляется возможным дать оценку изменения благосостояния населения и количества абонентов в следующие годы. В данной статье рассмотрен анализ исходной информации для прогнозирования и анализа динамики изменения абонентской базы филиала ПАО «Ростелеком» для приоритетных услуг ОТА, xDSL и ШПД. Ключевые слова: анализ, временной ряд, абонент.
ANALYSIS OF INITIAL INFORMATION FOR INVESTIGATION OF THE METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES AT FORECASTING THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGING THE NUMBER OF SUBSCRIBERS
Konyuk A.O.
KonyukAlina Olegovna - Undergraduate, FACULTY OFINFOCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, SIBERIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATICS, NOVOSIBIRSK
Abstract: от of the main indicators of the profitability of the mobile operator is the number of subscribers. In turn, the number of subscribers is determined by the number of active population, the welfare of citizens (average incomes), living expenses (subsistence minimum). Therefore, considering these indicators for three years, it is possible to assess the changes in the welfare of the population and the number of subscribers in the following years. This article considers the analysis of the initial information for forecasting and analyzing the dynamics of subscriber base changes of the branch of PJSC "Rostelecom" for priority services of OTA, xDSL and broadband access. Keywords: аnalysis, time series, subscriber.
УДК 331.225.3
Необходимой задачей статистики считается изучение перемен явлений во времени. Эти конфигурации возможно исследовать, в случае если есть данные по конкретному кругу показателей на ряд факторов времени или же за ряд промежутков времени, следующих друг за другом.
Ряд находящихся во времени статистических характеристик, очередность конфигураций которых показывает закономерность перемещения изучаемого общественного явления, представляет собой динамический (временной) ряд. Любой временной ряд произведен из двух составляющих:
- факторов или интервал времени, которыми считаются приводимые статистические данные об исследуемом явлении;
- статистических данных, которые охарактеризовывают данное появление на тот момент или за данный этап.
Статистические характеристики, характеризующие исследуемое появление, называют уровнями ряда. Вид ряда динамики находится в зависимости не только от характера
