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1Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, (E)ISSN: 2181-1784
educational, natural and social sciences 4(10), Nov., 2024
Research BIB / Index Copernicus www.oriens.uz
PROPERTIES AND ORIGIN OF ARTISTIC MATERIALS - COAL, CHALK, SANGUINE AND SAUCE. THEIR BENEFITS IN WORKING WITH
CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
Umida Madrimovna Khamraeva
Teacher of the Kamoliddin Bekhzod MRDI
ANNOTATSIYA
Ushbu maqolada tabiiy materiallar - ko'mir, bo'r, sanguine, sousning xususiyatlari ko'rsatilgan. Materiallarning ko'pgina xususiyatlari insoniyatga qadimdan ma'lum. Qadim zamonlardan beri barcha mamlakatlarning rassomlari ulardan o'z ishlarida foydalanganlar. Biroq, imkoniyati cheklangan iqtidorli bolalar har doim ham ularni chizmalarida ishlatmaydilar.
Kalitso'zlar: ko'mir, bo'r, sanguine, sous, nogironlik, materiallar, rasm.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В данной статье описываются свойства природных материалов - уголь, мел, сангина, соус. Многие свойства материалов давно известны человечеству. И художники всех стран с древних времён используют их в своей работе. Однако талантливые дети с инвалидностью не всегда используют их в рисунках.
Ключевые слова: уголь, мел, сангина, соус, инвалидность, материалы, рисование.
ABSTRACT
This article describes the properties of natural materials - coal, chalk, sanguine, sauce. Many properties of materials have long been known to mankind. And artists from all countries have used them in their work since ancient times. However, talented children with disabilities do not always use them in their drawings.
Keywords: coal, chalk, sanguine, sauce, disability, materials, drawing.
INTRODUCTION
Children with disabilities and studying in boarding schools for children with musculoskeletal disorders do not have the opportunity to closely study the natural nature of things, since many children move in a wheelchair and do not go beyond the walls of the boarding school. Children who are interested in drawing will benefit from familiarizing themselves with a variety of drawing materials. Study the properties and characteristics of natural resources, such as coal, chalk, sanguine.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences
Research BIB / Index Copernicus
(E)ISSN: 2181-1784 4(10), Nov., 2024 www.oriens.uz
Although the materials leave marks on your hands and clothes, they are very pleasant to work with. They are called "soft materials".
METHODS
Coal is the oldest drawing material. There are two types of coal: 1) Grape and willow coal. 2) Pressed coal. Grape and willow charcoal is made by burning or carbonizing wood sticks. The most common option is willow and grapes. Some producers use the name "wine" (or "Vine"), others use the name "willow". It's the same material. Charcoal comes in different thicknesses - thin sticks, medium sticks, thick sticks and very thick sticks.
A. Willow coal B. Pressed coal . Image 1. Types of coal
Compressed charcoal is made by mixing powdered charcoal with a binder and pressing the mixture. Pressed charcoal produces heavier dark lines; it is more difficult to erase than natural charcoal. Pressed coal also has different degrees of hardness: super soft, soft, medium, hard. Compressed charcoal is also used to make wooden charcoal pencils, which are great for drawing fine details. To correct mistakes, the coal is wiped off with a rag. You can't wash it straight away with an eraser. When erased, it is not completely removed, but rubbed into the surface of the paper, creating a certain tone. The rubber immediately gets dirty and leaves stains. It is very difficult to remove them.
The use of chalk for artistic purposes has been known since ancient times. In the ancient period it was used as whitewash. Chalk is very versatile. Professional artists often use it in their work to depict still lifes, landscapes, portraits and genre scenes.
Image 2. Chalk for drawing: block and pencil
Sanguine, (French Sanguine; from Latin sanguis - blood) is a drawing material, produced mainly in the form of reddish-brown sticks. Since the Renaissance, red sanguine has been known in art for many centuries. Our ancestors have been using red mineral rocks for painting since the Paleolithic era. Renaissance artists worked with natural materials and called them red crayons, and
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Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, (E)ISSN: 2181-1784
educational, natural and social sciences 4(10), Nov., 2024
Research BIB / Index Copernicus www.oriens.uz
developed techniques for using them. Sanguine has several shades. The best surface for working with sanguine is a rough, dense base. You can use light or tinted pastel paper. Fine grain kraft paper will also work. The sanguine painting technique is based on a combination of thin lines and broad strokes, shading and spots. Dutch soot is first applied to the paper. This is coal obtained by the deposition of smoke when burning organic substances with a weak air flow. This can be done immediately with crayons.
You can first draw the outline of the preliminary drawing with light lines using a simple hard pencil. You need to adjust the tone saturation using pressure. Also, some artists wet the chalk for this. You can also add transparency and depth of color using shading. To do this, simply rub the lines with a finger or a cotton swab. At the end of the work, the drawing must be secured with a fixative or hairspray. Drawings made with sanguine are stored under glass.
Image 3. Sangina
The «sauce» is a drawing material consisting of a very fine and soft black powder with a slight admixture of adhesives. The composition of the «sauce» is a compressed mixture of chalk, gas soot, iron oxides, glue and kaolin. Kaolin is the basis of the bars. This is a special plastic clay rock, widely used in industry and pharmaceuticals as a strong absorbent agent. White clay is found in porcelain and ceramics, paper, rubber and even plastic. It is this that gives the artistic sauce its special properties. When the sauce dissolves in water, a characteristic clay smell appears. Artistic «sauces» consist of 5-10 crayons, with gray shades ranging from white to black. In such gray tones, you may find crayons with blue, greenish or pink tints.
Image 4. Sauce. Results
Charcoal goes well with other materials - chalk and pastels, sanguine, colored pencils. Advantages of coal. Charcoal allows you to correct the design or completely change it; it is brushed away, leaving virtually no traces. You can draw either the sharpened end of a charcoal stick or its side. Features of coal. Coal crumbles. It must be secured to the paper with a fastener.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences
Research BIB / Index Copernicus
(E)ISSN: 2181-1784 4(10), Nov., 2024 www.oriens.uz
Materials are made from natural ingredients of limestone origin, very finely ground and of a very high degree of purity. Only in this case can a snow-white color be achieved; the presence of impurities gives gray and dirty yellow shades. Crayons for drawing are obtained by mixing this flour and a binder. Chalk comes in different forms: chalk pencils have a chalk mixture instead of a lead. Lump chalk, a naturally occurring product, may contain impurities that may scratch the surface or paper. For this reason, responsible manufacturers pre-grind the product, mix it with water and shape it into convenient round or rectangular crayons. The main advantage of dry crayons is their ease of erasing, which makes it easy to shade the color layer in order to be able to slightly reduce the saturation intensity and shade.
Benefits of sanguine. Sanguine has: high resistance to sunlight; a wide variety of shades; affordable cost of quality materials; Possibility of use in various combined drawing techniques. Features of sanguine. Sanguine, like coal, is short-lived, and therefore you need to follow the same rules as when working with coal (at the end, fix it with varnish) and store it under glass.
Applying shading with dry «sauce». The sauce goes well with charcoal, pastel or sepia. The sauce conveys the tone and shade of human skin very well, so it is often used for drawing portraits. When working with the sauce, you need to skillfully use an eraser: when depicting a head, wipe the light areas, modeling the image of the head. You can first prime the entire sheet of paper with the prepared «sauce» solution, and then wipe the desired areas of light with an eraser. Or you can paint directly on paper with a brush without a primer, creating a tonal spot of the silhouette of the head. It will be better if you fix one sheet of paper on a thick sketching stand with a holder or simply put a hard drawing folder under it, or just any thick base.
CONCLUSION
Thus, we can conclude that "soft materials" are significantly varied in use. Their use develops children's imagination. Knowledge and practical use of these materials will significantly improve the level of drawing of pupil with disabilities.
REFERENCES
1. N.G.Lee Drawing. Fundamentals of educational academic drawing /Textbook/ -Moscow: Eksmo, 2005. - 480 p.
2. V.S. Kuzin. Drawing, sketches and sketches / Textbook for higher education. textbook Establishments / - Moscow: Publishing Center "Academy", 2004. - 232 p.
3. D.N. Azizov. Drawing /Textbook for bachelors in the specialty "Painting" of the curriculum of 1-4 courses/ D.N. Azizov; - Tashkent: Info Capital Group, 2018. - 528 p.
