CC BY
74
DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-1-168-175
Program-methodical maintenance of the University students independent
physical training
Marina L. Listkova*
Omsk State Pedagogical University Omsk, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-7481-6059, [email protected]
Abstract: the educational process in a number of universities involves the presence of sessions, holidays, passage of pedagogical practices, interrupting academic classes for 1-4 weeks. [1]. In conditions that violate the rhythm and frequency of academic physical education classes in the school year, a contradiction between the features of the educational process schedule at the University and the ability to fully implement the tasks of physical education is revealed. In our opinion, the emerging shortage of motor activity in periods interrupting academic classes can have a negative impact on the physical fitness of students, its dynamics in the school year. In the analysis of literary sources the insufficiency of knowledge on this issue is established. Materials. It establishes the cause-and-effect relationship of students physical preparedness indexes dynamics in the academic year with the peculiarities of the University educational process schedule who violates the rhythm and frequency of physical activity. The software and methodological support of students independent studies in physical culture at the University is substantiated. The possibility of physical education educational form shortcomings compensation in high school by the organization of students physical culture independent occupations on the basis of the developed program-methodical complex. It's efficiency is confirmed and experimentally proved. Research methods. Theoretical (analysis of psychological, pedagogical, sociological, informational and encyclopedic, health literature, terminological systems, legal software documentation, construction of hypotheses); empirical (pedagogical experiment, project activity, pedagogical observation, questionnaire, interviews, survey, synthesis of pedagogical experience, testing of physical properties, assessment of emotional state, analysis of the students activities); methods of mathematical and statistical processing of experimental work materials (qualitative and quantitative analysis of research results). Results. The results of the pedagogical experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed program-methodical complex of students' independent studies. They allowed to control the physical fitness of students during the school year in the learning process. They violated the rhythm and frequency of training sessions in physical culture. In experimental groups, in comparison with control groups, more steady positive dynamics of physical qualities in academic year is revealed. Conclusion. The proposed tools and techniques used by students of the experimental groups in independent studies provided higher, compared with the control groups, gains in physical fitness (p < 0.01), indicators of external respiration (P < 0.01), strengthened the health of students, improved the state of the musculoskeletal system, increased the resistance of the psycho-emotional state to stress factors, resistance to acute respiratory infections.
Keywords: students, physical preparedness, independent classes of students of physical culture, program-methodical complex.
For citation: Marina L. Listkova*. Program-methodical maintenance of the University students independent physical training. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2019; 14 (1): 144-149. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-1-168-175
Introduction in the Russian Federation as one of the important
The government always pays great attention tasks in the field of the country's population physical
to the development of physical culture and sports education. Currently in Russia there is a huge
on the basis of experimentally tested software and methodological complex of independent physical training.
Purpose: substantiation, development and experimental verification of software and methodological support of independent classes in physical culture of students.
Object: the process of physical education of students in the pedagogical University.
The subject of the study is the content and methodological support of independent studies in physical culture of students.
Research problem:
1. To analyze the literature on the problem of research.
2. To substantiate, develop a program-methodical complex of independent physical training of students to strengthen their health and control the dynamics of physical fitness in the school year.
3. Experimentally assess the degree of software effectiveness and methodological support of independent physical training for students of pedagogical University.
number of sports schools, sections, health clubs, designed to create conditions for a healthy lifestyle of all layers of citizens and especially students.
The achievement of this goal is possible under the condition of the scientific and experimental base development, on the basis of which the conditions necessary for the implementation of quality education in the field of physical culture in modern conditions will be formed.
The development of physical qualities, health of the student contingent, the organization of physical culture at the University is given great attention by specialists (V. K. Balsevich, M. Y. Vilensky, A. A. Gorelov, S. p. Evseev, V. I. Ilyinich, L. I. Lubysheva, L. p. Matveev, O. L. Tresheva, A. Fedyakin, V. G. Shilko, etc.).
A considerable number of works devoted to the development of technologies, to improve physical fitness in terms of training sessions as a strengthening of students health (J. G. Anikienko, V. M. Vergunova, S. D. Zorina, V. A. Klimenko, S. I. Kozlov, V. S. Martynenko, E. A. Shunyaeva, etc.).
The analysis of scientific and methodical literature on the problem of research revealed the following contradictions:
- between the features of the educational process schedule in the pedagogical University and the ability to fully implement the tasks of physical education in conditions that violate the rhythm and frequency of physical culture academic classes in the school year;
- between the need to improve and maintain the level of physical fitness of students in the school year, the motor mode of which is limited only by academic classes in physical education, and the lack of teachers of departments of physical education program-methodical complex of means for independent studies of physical culture students, scientifically based and practically confirmed.
The revealed contradictions identified the problem of research. It is the lack of scientific knowledge about the impact of interruptions in training sessions on physical culture at the University, due to the schedule of the educational process, the level of physical fitness of students in the annual cycle of training and the need to find funds, methods of compensation for low physical activity
Materials and methods
The paper presents and justifies the content of means and methods of self-study. It allows to manage physical fitness in the school year, to strengthen the health of students. It takes into account the professional activities of individual specializations.
In studies on the impact of professional activity on the health of various specialties students revealed that 98% of music students and 91% of students of art departments noted in their pain in the spine, exacerbated by prolonged static loads during additional classes to improve professional skills. 81%.
T.V. Koltoshova [13] monitoring offunctional disorders and diseases of the spine presented. According to her, about 76% of students note the presence of discomfort and pain in the back not only during the day, after studying at the University, but also in the evening. This situation points to the need for prevention of the spine diseases in students.
In the study of the music Department
students professional activity (N=20), on the example of four concerts, two days before the performance, an increase in heart rate from an average of 93±6 beats/min to 108±7 beats/min one hour before its start (P<0.01). But immediately before the performance, the musician experiences excitement similar to the state of the athlete before the start. According to the students, the increase in heart rate was accompanied by excitement that prevented them from concentrating before the performance at the concert.
The results of the study proved the importance of including psychological state elements control in the content of students' independent studies.
The study proved the importance of students ' ability formation to differentiate feelings of physical activity intensity in the run in proportion to heart rate and developed a technology that allows to assess the level of this skill development, as well as to teach it without the use of digital heart rate monitors. Students do not want to acquire for material reasons.
As a result of literary sources analysis it was revealed that breathing exercises have a positive effect not only on the respiratory apparatus, but also have a healing effect for the whole body. Taking into account the positive role of these exercises for human health, it was decided to include breathing exercises in the complex of independent physical training.
The concern of colds among the students of the autumn-winter trigger and winter-spring periods [4]. Resistance to ARI is particularly relevant for students of the music Department, as it is unacceptable to engage in professional activities, perform vocal parts in a painful state. Because in the first place it will negatively affect the state of the vocal cords and, as a result, professional results [17].
According to 85% of students, hardening procedures strengthen health, increase resistance to ARI. For 11% of students of ARI are not dangerous, because they rarely get sick; 4% are undecided.
As a result of exploratory research, the content of independent physical training included physical exercises to improve flexibility, strength, general endurance; methods of forming the ability
to differentiate the sensations of the load intensity; health techniques for the prevention of the spine diseases, ARI, breathing exercises, hardening; elements of self-regulation from auto-training.
On the basis of the formed content of means and techniques for students, we have compiled a program-methodical complex of independent physical training (table 1).
Every 14-16 days of exercises has been updated. A wide variety of complexes used in classes during the pedagogical experiment contributed to the expansion of students ' knowledge in the field of physical culture, development and consolidation of practical skills, excluded monotony in the classroom. Approximate sets of different directions exercises of morning, afternoon (evening) independent physical training were provided to students of experimental groups in electronic or printed form. Management of physical activity in independent classes was carried out on the basis of self-control Protocol results filled by students daily.
Thus, the results of the pedagogical experiment showed that in EG1 and EG2, the improvement of the studied indicators recorded in December was stable and maintained throughout the academic year (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) regardless of breaks in academic classes (in January - session, vacation; in February, March in EG1 pedagogical practices). In KG1 the physical fitness level was depending on the rhythm and frequency of academic classes on physical culture. At their violation in the periods of session, vacation, pedagogical practices in February and March indicators of physical readiness to an initial state during February - April decreased. From September to December and from may to June, when classes were mostly continuous, there was an improvement in physical fitness. By the end of the school year, the level of the studied indicators growth in EG1 compared with KG1 was significantly higher and amounted to: in the test "Flexion-extension of the arms in the supine position" - 67% and 33%; in the test "Flexion-extension of the trunk in I. p. sed (number of times in min) - 41% and 17%; in the test "long jump from the place" - 6,3% and 2.5%; in the test "the Distance run for 10 min at HR 144 - 156 BPM" - 28% and 5.5%; in the test "the Slope of the I. p. standing on the bench" - 86%
and 29%; in the test "Run 1000 meters" is 7.5% and 3.7%; In the figures the lung capacity and 20.4% and 6.1%; In terms of "sample Shtanga" - 49% and 11%; In terms of "Genchi sample " - 40% and 8%.
In EG2 increase of the studied parameters at the end of the pedagogical experiment were as follows: in the test "Flexion-extension arms in emphasis lying" - 33%; in the test "Flexion-extension of the trunk in I. p. gray (quantity, min) -34%; in the test "long Jump from the place" - 5,8%; in the test "the Distance run for 10 min at 144-156 heart rate beats/min" - 16%; in the test "the Slope of the I. p. standing on the bench" - 86%; in the test "Run 1000 meters" - 6,5%; in the indicators lung capacity - 16,4%; in terms of "Sample Shtange" -35%; in terms of " Genchi sample " - 27%.
In KG2 significant positive changes in the studied indicators for the entire period were not recorded, indicating the problematic management of physical fitness in academic classes in physical education once a week.
Classes on the regulation of psychological state, according to the students of the music Department, reduced the level of excessive Table 2-Percentage of students wl
excitement during performances at concerts. One hour before the concert, the heart rate of EG2 students was significantly lower compared to KG2 students (P<0.01), as a fact of reducing the level of excitement by the stress factor. In the experimental groups, the stability of the psycho-emotional state (SAN test) has improved. By the end of the year, the psycho-emotional state remained at the same level.
In KG1 and KG2 by the end of the school year, on the contrary, there is a significant deterioration in the SAN test (p<0.05). It is in our opinion, reflects the result of accumulated fatigue.
In 80% of students EG1 and EG2, who had complaints of pain in the spine, the state, according to subjective assessment, normalized after two months of independent physical training. In KG1 and KG2, the number of complaints decreased from 79% to 60%.
Introduction of acute respiratory infections hardening and prevention procedures in independent classes of students EG1 and EG2 since February reduced the number of colds compared to KG1 and KG2 (table 2).
underwent ARI in the school year
Periods Number of acute respiratory infections
Experimental groups Control groups
September-January 24% 26%
5% 21%
At the end of the school year, as a result of a survey, interviews, students EG1 and EG2 assessed their health as good. They noted the positive impact of tempering procedures on the emotional state.
The result of cross-country exercises use in independent classes was an arbitrary increase in students ' duration to 25-30 minutes or more. It could not be achieved in terms of training sessions. Improved the run time for 1 km, increased the distance run at 144-156 heart rate beats/min.
Analysis of the protocols of self-study showed that the volume of completed tasks from the planned was 71 ± 5%.
Conclusion
The results of the pedagogical experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed
program-methodical complex of independent studies of students in the educational process, violating the rhythm and frequency of training sessions in physical culture and allows you to control the physical fitness of students in the school year. In experimental groups in comparison with control groups more steady positive dynamics of physical qualities during academic year is revealed.
References
1. Avsaragov G.R. Physical education of students in different periods of the educational process. Candidate's thesis. Naberezhnye Chelny. 2010:58-59.
2. Anikienko J.G. Physical training of students, using mainly the means of fitness based on the individual profile of development of physical
qualities. Candidate's thesis. Krasnodar. 2013: 1824.
3. Vilensky M.Ya., Maslova O.Yu. Culturological bases of personality-oriented education in physical culture in higher school. Bulletin of Adyghe state University. Pedagogy and psychology. 2011; 2: 68-73.
4. Gorelov A.A., Lotonenko A.B., Rumba O.G. Motor activity and health of students of Russia. Physical Culture and health. 2010; 2: 4-8.
5. Zorina S.D. Model of organization of extracurricular physical education in higher educational institutions. Candidate's thesis. Volgograd. 2009:
44-125.
6. Klimenko V.A. Motor-oriented approach to the organization of physical education of students. Candidate's thesis. Khabarovsk. 2004: 164.
7. Kozlov I.S. Development of General endurance in the process of physical education of female students. Candidate's thesis. Maykop. 2009: 110.
8. Koltoshova T.V. monitoring of functional disorders and diseases of the spine in students. Teoriya I praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury = Theory and practice of physical culture. 2010; 4: 38 (In Russ., In Engl.).
9. Lubysheva L.I. methodology of substantiation of the content of physical education of students. Mater, joint scientific practical conference RGAFK, MGAFK, VNIIFK. M. 2001: 162-166.
10. Martynenko V.S. Methods of development of General endurance of University students by means of track and field running. Candidate's thesis. Volgograd. 2009: 161.
11. Matveev L.P. Integrative tendency in modern physical culture studies. Teoriya I praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury = Theory and practice of physical culture. 2003; 5: 5-8 (In Russ., In Engl.).
12. Petrushin V.I. Muzykal'naya psihologiya [Musical psychology]. M.: Trixta. 2008: 110-308.
13. Fedyakin A.A., Skorik N.V., Fedyakina L.K. Problems and ways of improving the quality of physical education students of higher educational institutions. Fizicheskaya kul'tura I sport: problemy, issledovaniya, predlozheniya. 2010; 2: 119 - 123 (In Russ.).
14. Shilko, V. G. Methodology of construction
of personality-oriented content of physical culture and sports activity of students Teoriya I praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury = Theory and practice of physical culture. 2003; 9: 45-50.
15. Shunyaeva E.A. Physical education of University students with low level of development of speed-power qualities and endurance by means of track and field athletics. Candidate's thesis. M. 2007: 86.
16. American College of sports Medicine. Physical activity programmes and behavior counseling in older adult populations. Medicine and Science in sports and Exercise. 2004; 36(11): 19972003.
17. Bauman A.E. Physical activity and exercise programs. Physical activity and health.
2007: 319-334.
18. Biddle S.J.H., Atkin A., Cavill N., Foster C. Correlates of physical activity in youth: A review of quantitative systematic reviews. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2008; 4(1): 25-49.
19. Blair S.N. Physical inactivity: The biggest public health problem of the 21st century. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009; 43(1): 1-2.
20. Ecclestone N.A., Jones C.J. International curriculum guidelines for preparing physical activity instructors of older adults in collaboration with the aging and life course, World Health Organization. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity. 2004; 12(4):
467-479.
21. Kahn E.B., Ramsey L.T., Brownstown R.C., Heath G.W., Howze E.H., Powell K.E., et al. The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2002; 22(4S): 73-107.
22. Ogilvie D., Foster C.E., Rothnie H., Cavill N., Hamilton V., Fitzsimons C.F., et al. Interventions to promote walking: Systematic review. British Medical Journal. 2007; 334. DOI: 10.11367bmj.39198.722720.BE.
23. Rutten A., Abu-Omar K. Prevalence of physical activity in the European Union. Social and Preventive Medicine. 2004; 49: 281-289.
24. Shinkarenko O.V., Trofimov V.N., Logunov, V.I. Organization of pedagogical guidance by independent physical activities of
students. Pedagogiko-psihologicheskie I medico- problems of physical culture and sport. 2014; 9(3): biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoj kul'tury I sporta 128-133. = Pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological
Submitted: 15.02.2009 Author's information:
Marina L. Listkova* - Senior Lecturer, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644099, Russia, Omsk, Naberezhnaya Tukhachevskogo, House 14, e-mail: [email protected]
