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ОБЩАЯ ПЕДАГОГИКА, ИСТОРИЯ _ПЕДАГОГИКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ_
PROFESSOR NAGHMET ASKHAROVICH URUMBAYEV'S
SCIENTIFIC PEDAGOGICAL VIEWS 1 2 Kurbanbaeva D^. , Matmuratova G.K.
1Kurbanbaeva Dilaram Muhamovna - Assistant Teacher; 2Matmuratova Gulistan Kamalatdinovna - Senior Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION, FACULTY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION, NUKUS STATE PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER AJINIYAZ, NUKUS, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article deals with revealing the importance of the pedagogical creative activities in the developing the Karakalpak national pedagogics of the one of prominent scholars, the Doctor of pedagogical science professor N.A. Urumbayev, who made a great contribution to the enhancing the efficient method of teaching Russian language and literature in Karakalpak national schools and of importance of this educational upbringing views. N. A. Urumbayev is popular and prominent as a scholar for his authorship of original monographic works, methodical books, school syllabuses textbooks, and scientific methodical manuals for teachers, numerous journal articles on actual problems of teaching of the Russian language and literature in national schools. For the first time he elaborated a scientific basis of methodic of teaching of the Russian language at Karakalpak schools. His works are of great significance and represent an important mile - stone in the further development of methodical idea in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. As a leading Methodist of our Republic N. A. Urumbayev took an active part in All - union theoretical - practical conferences on the problems of improving teaching the Russian language and literature in national schools, in High educational Institutions which held in Moscow, Tashkent, Baku, Kishinev and other cities of the Former Union.
Keywords: scientific-theoretical bases, scientific-practical methods, translation or comparative method, natural methods, combined methods, fundamental researches, scientific compensations, grammatical structures.
An enormous contribution was made to the development of pedagogics and education in Karakalpakstan in the area of methodics of teaching the Russian language by Naghmet Askharovich Urumbayev - Doctor of Pedagogical Science, Meritorious Science worker, who had imitated the development of scientific theoretical bases of the methods of teaching the Russian language in Karakalpak primary and secondary schools, one of the compiler of Russian-Karakalpak dictionary, a participant of the Great Patriotic war (World War II), whose scientific works are dedicated to actual theoretical and methodical problems of teaching Russian are of great practical aid for teachers nowadays, too.
As it is once said, « There is no a direct broad way to sciences...» Naghmet Askharovich hasn't also become a well-known scholar at once; he had also «to climb rocky paths on the way for achieving the shining peaks of science». Yet as a fourteen-years- old youth he together with his elder brother J.A. Urumbayev, both in the guidance of the destiny and their young hearts' desire found themselves in Moscow (the eldest Urumbaev as a post-graduate at the Central Pedagogical Scientific-research Institute of Nations of the former Union of SSR and the younger Naghmet as a fifth-form schoolboy at school №11 in Sokolniki). There they were worried by urgent need in accommodation, the young schoolboy Naghmet had to live together with post-graduates in spite of rules of the domitoryo but the administration did not allow that and Jumek Urumbayev had finally to address the vice - commission of the Public Education of the Russian
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Federation Nadejda Konstantinovna Krupskaya with application of ensuring the accommodation. In the application it was partly written:
«... Still he (Naghmet) is living in the Central Students' Residency without a permission from the directorate. Yesterday I received the last note of refuse of his entering the area of the Residency. Thereafter he has stayed without accommodation. I am the only elder brother to him. I cannot send him alone to faraway Karakalpakstan. The river navigation is closed now, herein, there is no railroad communication, too. If I send him to such a faraway distance, I am afraid he will lost his way. And I myself live here in the account of the state scholarship. I have no possibility to protect him as a guardian further. Thus I ask you to help with accommodation and if the circumstances require to transfer him to one of the advanced schools of the city» [1. 1969. №6 (140) p.2]
Nadejda Krupskaya had many visitors. In the first day, she could consider eight applications from ten. Her secretary told visitors that Nadejda Konstantinovna had to take part in the meeting of the Commissariat of the Public Education and she would be able to receive the rest visitors the next morning. Jumek Askharovich got not worried; he understood that she had a lot of work in the Commissariat, on the contrary, he felt a bit hesitated for his coming as an applicant.
The next morning they came to the Commissariat earlier, there were already three visitors, Jumek together with his elder brother were the fourth. Up to 9 o'clock there came N.K.Krupskaya, having greeted all of them addressed to two brothers and said: « You, the two seem to come from a faraway republic, come in, please» Her voice sounded gently, expressing a true kindness. When Jumek Askharovich answered that they came from Karakalpakstan, she was very interested, but she didn't want to bother him with questions and attentively read the application and called the number 2-3 on the phone. At last, she looked at them with shining eyes and said: «To your great fortune, I have hardly found a place for living and it is also above the norm! »
Jumek Askharovich jumped up from his place joyfully and thanked N.Konstantinovna repeatedly. Then N.Konstantinovna said to J.Askharovich one thing that he did not forget her words all his life. Her words sounded as: «It is our duty to help to rise backward fraternal people of the Middle Asia, especially the Karakalpaks, raise their culture up to peaks advanced people of the European part of the USSR». On his own recollections these words frequently had been burned in his ears. Then Nadejda Konstantinovna scratched Naghmet's hair and said: « Naghmet, there you should learn well especially Russian. Otherwise, it would be difficult to master knowledge and raise the culture of your people». He nodded his head with a deep feeling of acknowledgment. On that same day they received the direction to Khotunskaya Secondary School of Moscow region. Naghmet Askharovich finished the complete course of this school.
That unforgettable meeting with Nadejda Konstantinona Krupskaya had deeply influenced to all the lives of the two brothers Jumek and Naghmet Urumbayevs. Jumek Askharovich arriving in Nukus- the capital of their native Republic- Karakalpakstan Autonomious, Soviet Socialist Republic, named his newborn daughter Nadiya in the honour of Nadejda Konstantinovna Krupskaya.
Graduating from the Karakalpak State Pedagogical Institute on the specialty Russian Language and Literature, now she, as a colleague to her uncle Naghmet teachers schoolchildren her favorite subject at one of the schools in Qyzyl - Orda, Kazakhstan.
Naghmet Askharovich Urumbayev began his pedagogical career right away after successful graduation from the department of the Russian philology of the philological faculty of Tashkent, Middle Asian University and passed a long way of the teacher in a village school and up to prominent scholar.
At the end of 40th and at the beginning of 50th, he had been working as a senior teacher of the Karakalpak State Pedagogical Institute named after T.G.Shevchenko. In this period, at the same time, with teaching the Russian language and literature, he continued to work on scientific researches. As his first scientific works there were
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published first school - books as "The Karakalpak Language" a textbook from the 4 th form pupils of the Russian classes and "The ABC" (Azbuka) a textbook for in Russian for the 2nd form pupils of the Karakalpak classes [2]. During the period of his scientific pedagogical activities he made an enourmous contribution to the course of training and upbringing highly qualified specialties on the Russian philology for schools of the autonomous republic and scientific research institutions.
In 1953, N. A. Urumbayev entered postgraduate courses of the Moscow Institute of Scientific Researches for National Schools at the academy of Sciences of RSFSR and in 1959 successfully defended the dissertation for the degree of Candidate on the theme "Methods of teaching the Russian language in 3rd and the 4th classes in the Karakalpak schools with the account of peculiarities of the mother tongue of pupils" which was fulfilled under the professor V.M.Chistiyakov's scientific guidance. In this research there is given scientifically grounded and practically elaborated methods of teaching Russian in Karakalpak primary schools. Before the Karakalpak schools had no methodical manuals on teaching Russian in any aspects.
N. A. Urumbayev's dissertation was the first research work which could have been decided this problem to some extent. It was written on the base of through analysis of theoretical - practical sources on the problems of comparative study of the Russian and Karakalpak languages, pedagogical and methodical literatures, studies of conditions of pupils' learning the Russian language in national auditoriums, methods and techniques of teachers - "rusists" in different circumstances and schools, including the advanced who came from Russia, data of experimental works and also his own experiences when he had taught at school.
More than four years (1960 - 1963) N. A. Urymbayev had been working as the Head of the department on compiling dictionaries and terminology at the Institute of history, language and literature of the Karakalpak branch of the ASUzSSR. He took an active part in compiling and editing of the first Karakalpak - Russian and Big Russian - Karakalpak Dictionaries under the guidance of the professor H. A. Baskakov.
In the monograph "A manual on the comparative study of the grammar of the Russian and Karakalpak languages" (1960) there profoundly studied the grammatical (morphological) structures of these two languages in the comparative aspect. It was a peculiar scientific linguistic basis of presentation of the methodics of teaching Russian at Karakalpak schools which functioned as the first methodical aid for teachers of the Russian language in the non - Russian primary school, whose methodical and practical advantage is obvious from the first use. At the same time, the author explained in details some cases of mastering by Karakalpak's definite grammar forms and categories of the Russian language. In the specific chapter titled "The basic difficulties in mastering the elements of the Russian grammar in Karakalpak schools and typical mistakes of pupils - Karakalpaks in oral and written speech". Grammar tables and various illustrations and tape - recordings function as aids and they are given as additional materials in the book.
N.Askharovich really noticed the great difference in the explanation of the category of gender in the Russian and Karakalpak languages, to decide this problem he wrote his book "The Study of Gender of Nouns in the Russian language at Karakalpak schools" (1963), the materials in the book make it easier to overcome the difficulties with Russian gender in nouns".
His book published in 1964 with the title "Problems of Methodics of Teaching Russian at primary classes of schools" was an important methodic guide for teaching Russian at primary classes. Developing the oral speech was again the urgent actual theme of his methodological pedagogical creativity. In 1969 he gained to publish his methodic manual on this problem and elaborated the methodical - practical activities for 3rd and 4th form pupils over again.
Since 1973 N.A. Urumbayev had been working as the Head of the newly organized department of the Methodics of teaching the Russian language and literature in Karakalpak
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State Pedagogical Institute. These years were full of tireless research activities in the area of methodics of teaching the Russian language in national schools. In the same year at the very beginning of spring N.A.Urumbayev depended the Doctor's Dissertation on the theme: "Scientific Bases of Methodics of Teaching the Morphology of the Russian Language at Karakalpak schools at the Scientific Council of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
At the same period he systematically made speech in the organs of central press and in periodicals of the higher educational institutions and of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan with significant problems in teaching the Russian language and literature in Karakalpak schools.
For the years of his scientific - pedagogical activity N.A. Urumbayev had created over 200 scientific - pedagogical research works, including his dissertations, monographs, manuals, textbooks, articles, thesis, etc. on the problems of educational and upbringing up the young generation.
N.A. Urumbayev frequently had made speeches on the press radio and TV programs with kin problems in teaching Russian language and literature and pedagogies wholly.
N.A. Urumbayev is popular and prominent as a scholar for his authorship of original monographic works, methodical books, school syllabuses textbooks, and scientific methodical manuals for teachers, numerous journal articles on actual problems of teaching of the Russian language and literature in national schools. For the first time he elaborated a scientific basis of methodic of teaching of the Russian language at Karakalpak schools. His works are of great significance and represent an important mile - stone in the further development of methodical idea in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. As a leading Methodist of our Republic N.A. Urumbayev took an active part in All - union theoretical - practical conferences on the problems of improving teaching the Russian language and literature in national schools, in High educational Institutions which held in Moscow, Tashkent, Baku, Kishinev and other cities of the Former Union.
The name of N.A.Urumbayev as a doctor of science was well - known now only in Karakalpakstan and Uzbekistan, but also he was also popular abroad. He held in respect among all the republics of the Commonwealth of Independent Countries (Republics). He was a participant of the Great Patriotic War (World War II). He took part in the Kalininsky front as a soldier in the ranks in the 215th regiment of marksmen, and later in 185th marksmen's regiment of the 2nd Belorussian front corresponding in 1942 - 1943, and 1944 -1945. He had been decorated with an orders and medals: The order of Great Patriotic War -of the 1st degree; medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great patriotic War in 1941 -1945"; for distinguished public service N. A. Urumbayev was awarded with honorable titlesa as "Meritorious Science Worker of the Republic of Karakalpakstan", "Distinguished Worker in the Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan" totally - 14 awards. Everybody who has realized these facts sincerely agrees that Naghmet Askharovich rightly had deserved and would ever deserve an enourmous public acknowledgement and respect.
His name will remain in the hearts of thousands of his followers who feel in themselves true disciples as his colleagues and scientific heritage have not lost the significance nowadays, too. They continue remaining a milestone for more and younger specialists craving for achieving shining peaks in their scientific - pedagogical activities.
References
1. Urumbayev J.A. Moya vstrecha s N.K. Krupskoy Gazeta "Soviet mugallimi" Nukus 1969 press KKGosPI str. 2 №6/140
2. Urumbayev N.A. Methodical Guide on textbook - primer on the Russian language at the 2nd classes of the Karakalpak schools Nukus. Karakalpakstan, 1970.
3. Urumbayev N.A. Methodic of teaching the Russian language in the 3rd - 4th forms of the Karakalpak schools with account of peculiarities of the mother tongue. Dissertation of scientific degree of the candidate of science (Philology) Moscow, 1959 ASRSFSR.
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4. Urumbayev N.A. Kratkiy kurs sopostovitelnoy morphologiy russkogo karakalpakskogo yazykov. Nukus Publishing House "Bilim" ("Science"), 1991. P. 7.
5. Urumbayev N.A. "Scientific bases of methodic of teaching morphology of the Russian language at Karakalpak schools" Dissertation of the scientific Degree of Doctor of Science (Philology). Moscow, 1972. ASUSSR.
6. Urumbayev N.A. On the collaborating of Russian and Mother Tongue in the conditions of bilingualism" Russian language and literature at Uzbek schools", 1971. № 4. P. 88.
7. Urumbayev N.A. "Methodical Guide to the textbook on Russian language at the 1st classes of the Karakalpak schools" Nukus "Karakalpakstan" P.H., 1970.
8. Utebayev T.T. "Qoraqolpogistonda XX asrning ikkinchi yarimida va XXI asrning boshida talim - tarbiyaviy fikrlarning rivojlanishi. Nukus "Bilim", 2015. 36 s.
