CC BY
22
DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-3-80-84
Profession-oriented approach in physical education of students with a mild
degree of intellectual disability
Alena V. Kashina1*, Irina S. Maltseva2
1Chaykovskiy State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports Tchaykovskiy, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-9188-8257, alenak_ch@inbox.ru* 2Chaykovskiy Industrial College Tchaykovskiy, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-7253-8625, arina.mis@rambler.ru
Abstract: Professional-labor adaptation of teen-agers with a mild degree of intellectual disability in terms of special (correctional) school nowadays is extremely important. Profession-orientated work with schoolchildren is organized during the whole period of study, starting form junior school in a form of lessons and extracurricular activity. Adaptive physical education lessons are also very important in professional training of schoolchildren. There physical culture means help to correct not only physical fitness of students, but also their psycho-emotional sphere. It is significant in professional activity of graduates. Materials. Defining the problems and peculiarities of adaptive physical education for people with mild degree of intellectual disability, taking into account profession-oriented activity at special schools. Research methods. Information sources and scientific-methodical literature analysis and summarizing. Results. It is known that the most favorable prognosis in labor adaptation have people with mild degree of intellectual disability with the basic type of psyche defect. They are emotionally steady, more stable and have good working capacity. For people with psychopatholike disorders prognosis of labor adaptation is less favorable because of their instability and affectability, low level of attention concentration and lower indices of physical development. Most professions for boys with intellectual disability provide high demands claimed on the indices of power endurance and coordinating abilities. They are considerably lower than age related norm. Conclusion. At adaptive physical education lessons, offered by us in a form of SuperPump trainings, it is necessary to use different methodical approaches to pupils. There the character of their psychic and behavioral disorders and the level of physical fitness is taken into consideration. Keywords: adaptive physical education, teen-agers with intellectual disability, profession-oriented approach, special (correctional) schools.
For citation: Alena V. Kashina*, Irina S. Maltseva. Profession-oriented approach in physical education of students with a mild degree of intellectual disability. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021; 16(3): 66-69. DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-3-80-84.
INTRODUCTION
In accordance with Federal Law № 273-FZ "On education in the Russian Federation» each person has the right of education, for people with health limitations and invalids special conditions should be created. They provide disorders correction and social adaptation [1].
In Federal State Educational Standards for people with intellectual disabilities special educational needs, which are general for all students, include the following: early special help by means of education; obligation of constant correctional-developing process. It is realized both through subjective spheres content and during
correctional work, scientific, practice-oriented, effective character of education content. Special "transfer" teaching taking into account the changing conditions of educational, cognitive, labor and other situations.
Labor activity is the base for socialization of children with intellectual disability. It is one of correction methods. It provides practical skills and abilities development, social experience accumulation. Graduates employment is considered the leading factor of integration into society. That is why professional training at schools starts from elementary school and continues till the end of the studies. The problems solved at physical culture
lessons also should provide successful professional training and further labor socialization [2].
During recent years the question of profession-labor training and employment among the people with intellectual disability stills stays urgent. The graduates of special (correctional) school should have the definite qualification and be independent in social life. But the specific peculiarities of physical, psychic and intellectual development don't let them be able to meet competition at labor market [3,4,9,10,11].
Taking into consideration mentioned above we stated the aim of the work: to define the problems and peculiarities of adaptive physical education among people with mild degree of intellectual disability, considering profession-oriented activity at special (correctional) schools.
Among students, who have mild degree of intellectual disability, there are people with the basic type of psychic defect and people with emotional-volitional disorders.
Scientific-methodical literature analysis showed that the most favorable labor prediction is among people with mild degree of intellectual disability with the main type of psychic defect. They are more emotionally stable and they don't have associated diseases. They have higher abilities of perception, attention focusing and higher level of working capacity. Their labor skills are formed gradually while mastering not difficult professions and kinds of physical labor (with moderate and in some cases significant physical tension). They can easier adapt to the conditions of usual production and can work during the whole working day with full load, can easily adapt to long-term work standing. It also should be noted that these indices are more often typical for students, who use different forms of physical culture during school and extracurricular activities.
During the employment of people with mild degree of intellectual disability we underline than they can fulfill handicraft, sew, repair footwear and realize indirect labor at production. Labor adaptation of people with mild degree of intellectual disability can be difficult in case of long-term break in labor activity because of disease or unemployment. In order to make labor adaptation easier these people
are recommended to fulfill monotonous operations. They don't demand quick attention switch and independent planning.
Employability level among people with intellectual disability, who have emotional-volitional disorders (psychopatholike variant) is lower. Such students are emotionally disturbed, are characterized by easy appearance of affects, insufficient ability to concentrate, active attention disorder, quick volitional effort emaciation, endurance and coordination abilities level decrease, at the beginning of the labor adaptation they often feel state level decrease, psychic disorders are more distinct. Taking into consideration the peculiarities of the presented category of people it is recommended to use an individual form of labor organization. It means work in an isolated room or small collective at an isolated field, kinds of labor selection. They provide free tempo of activity with different techniques change [5,6].
The differences in the peculiarities of psychomotor state and the peculiarities of lessons organization and carrying out among students. They have mild degree of intellectual disability, condition different methodical peculiarities of lessons organization. They are necessary to use in the sphere of physical culture. At the same time, the level of students' professional training should be chosen at educational establishments in accordance with the degree of intellectual disability and the level of physical fitness (gross and fine motor skills state, the ability to fulfill the set sequence, the ability to fulfill work with the necessary physical quality).
Recently more and more attention is paid to this category of people. New forms of employment for them are created, foreign experience is used and adapted, new models and technologies, widely used in the world, are applied [6]. Great role in pre-professional kinds of work with schoolchildren belongs to physical culture in terms of lessons and extracurricular activity organization, as many kinds of future professions claim specific demands on physical qualities and the level of organism working capacity development.
Professional training in Perm region for boys is mainly oriented according to the character of the working load and its efforts concerning labor
objectives realization. There high demands are claimed on locomotor apparatus, cardiorespiratory system state, the level of working capacity and organism endurance.
The demands analysis, claimed on professions of "Person-nature", "Person-technique", "Person- artistic image" type, helped to make the following conclusion: all these professions demand good physical fitness level, high level of general, power oriented endurance and coordinating abilities [7].
Many authors mention that during adolescence the level of physical qualities development gradually increases, at the same time, power oriented abilities, endurance and speed oriented qualities of the studied category of people fall behind the indices of healthy coevals by 15-40%, coordinating abilities significantly lower. By the end of the study the level of graduates' physical fitness also doesn't achieve the level of healthy coevals. It means that young people, who chose physical labor profession, would have considerable difficulties at work or they would be considered not suitable for the profession because of physical indices [8,9,10,11,12].
In order to correct the revealed problems we created the methodology of adaptive physical education. It was realized during the lessons and extracurricular activity for 14-16 year-old boys. The main means in the methodology were the exercises from physical culture health-improving technology SuperPump, taking into consideration the rational character of motor actions and ergonomics in the mentioned kinds of labor.
CONCLUSION
Successful socialization, integration and labor adaptation of boys with intellectual disability, who graduated from special (correctional) school, depends on many conditions. In order to solve educational problems and realize the demands, which are claimed on the graduates, taking into account the peculiarities of the intellectual development and the recommended for them professions, it is necessary to use means and methods, directed toward the revealed problems avoidance and the quality of graduates training increase, taking into account modern conditions. Great importance in this process belongs to a complex work in terms of
lessons and extracurricular activity using physical upbringing means and methods. There special role should be given to general and power oriented endurance, coordinating abilities development on the basis of physical culture and health-improving technology SuperPump use, taking into account the rational character of motor actions and ergonomics in the mentioned kinds of labor.
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Submitted: 30.07.2021 Author's information:
Alena V. Kashina - Senior Lecturer, Chaykovskiy State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports, 617765, Russia, Tchaykovskiy, Lenin str., House 67, e-mail: alenak ch@inbox.ru
Irina S. Maltseva - Candidate of Pedagogics, Chaykovskiy Industrial College, 617764, Russia, Tchaykovskiy, Lenin str., House 75, e-mail: arina.mis@rambler.ru
