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19
PROCESSING OF COCOONS OF SILKWORM WITH THE HELP
OF INFRARED RADIATION Safarov Zh.E.1, Samandarov D.I.2, Saydullayev A.B.3, Erkinov D.D.4 (Republic of Uzbekistan) Email: [email protected]
1Safarov Zhasur Esirgapovich - Doctor of technical sciences, Dean, FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; 2Samandarov Doston Ishmuhammat ugli - Assistant, DEPARTMENT OF SERVICE ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; 3Saydullaev Abdurahmon Bahtiyor ugli - Student, FACULTY OF ELECTRONIC AND A UTOMATIC; 4Erkinov Dilmurod Donyer ugli - Student, FACULTY OF MECHANICS, TASHKENT STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the work considers the processing of silkworm cocoons using infrared radiation. Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation occupying a range from 0.77 to 340 microns in the spectrum of electromagnetic waves. The range from 0.77 to 15 microns is considered to be short-wave, from 15 to 100 microns - medium-wave, and from 100 to 340 -long-wave. The dependence of the irradiation power at the point of location of the dehydrated object on the distance to the emitters between the emitters and the methods for obtaining uniform infrared irradiation of the dehydrated products using reflector elements of the appropriate configuration in a vibration drying unit with IR heating is substantiated. Keywords: silkworm cocoons, drying.
ПЕРЕРАБОТКА КОКОНОВ ТУТОВОГО ШЕЛКОПРЯДА С ПОМОЩЬЮ ИНФРАКРАСНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ Сафаров Ж.Э.1, Самандаров Д.И.2, Сайдуллаев А.Б.3, Эркинов Д.Д.4
(Республика Узбекистан)
1Сафаров Жасур Эсиргапович - доктор технических наук, декан, факультет машиностроения; 2Самандаров Достон Ишмухаммат угли - ассистент, кафедра оказания услуг техника, факультет машиностроения; 3Сайдуллаев Абдурахмон Бахтиёр угли - студент, факультет электроники и автоматики; 4Эркинов Дилмурод Дониёр угли - студент, факультет механики, Ташкентский государственный технический университет, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в работе рассмотрена переработка коконов тутового шелкопряда с помощью инфракрасного излучения. Инфракрасное излучение - это разновидность электромагнитного излучения, занимающего в спектре электромагнитных волн диапазон от 0,77 до 340 мкм. При этом диапазон от 0,77 до 15 мкм считается коротковолновым, от 15 до 100 мкм - средневолновым, а от 100 до 340 - длинноволновым. Обоснована зависимость мощности облучения в точке нахождения обезвоживаемого объекта от расстояния до излучателей, между излучателями и способами получения равномерного инфракрасного облучения обезвоживаемых продуктов с помощью элементов-отражателей соответствующей конфигурации в вибрационной сушильной установке с ИК-нагревом. Ключевые слова: коконов тутового шелкопряда, сушки.
The history of silk totals almost 5 thousand years. In ancient times, in the Himalayas, people drew attention to a butterfly with white wings reaching a size of 6 cm. From the eggs that it lays, caterpillars feed on the leaves of the trees. After 30-40 days, having changed their outfit four times, they begin to secrete a thin thread from special glands, braiding themselves with a thin cocoon. People learned how to unwind cocoons, get shiny, strong thread up to 1000 meters long and make fabric out of it. The favorite food of the caterpillars is the leaves of the mulberry tree (mulberry), therefore the butterfly is called the "silkworm".
For the first time, silkworms were domesticated in China. A breed of butterflies that could not fly was bred. The Chinese epic relates the history of sericulture to the reign of the most ancient dynasties that existed 3 thousand years BC. It is also possible that the use of wild silkworm silk arose independently of Chinese experience in equally distant times in southeast India.
Infrared drying with infrared rays has recently been widely developed in various industries [1-3]. Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation occupying a range from 0.77 to 340 microns in the spectrum of electromagnetic waves. The range from 0.77 to 15 microns is considered to be short-wave, from 15 to 100 microns - medium-wave, and from 100 to 340 - long-wave.
1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0
Wavelength, microns
Fig. 1. Spectral distribution of radiation energy infrared emitters
IR technology at a temperature of the dried product not more than 65-700C allows drying in a short time (30-180 min).
The source of energy during infrared heating is infrared emitters, consisting of the actual energy source (heated body) and the reflector. Depending on the degree of heating of the sources, they are conventionally divided into low-temperature sources, heated to temperatures below 700 0C, medium-temperature ones - 700-1500 0C (Figure 3.1), high-temperature ones - above 1500 0C [1]. The following sources of energy are used: tubular electric heaters, mirror drying lamps; electric heaters, consisting of a tungsten spiral placed in an airtight quartz tube filled with inert gas and iodine vapors, etc. Infrared heating units are chambers, cabinets, tunnels or caps, panels whose dimensions and shapes correspond to the sizes and shape of the processed products. Emitters are mounted on the inside of the unit; the distance between them and the surface of the heated objects is usually 150-450 mm.
This paper discusses the possibilities of primary processing i.e. silkworm cocoons and drying using elastic waves and infrared radiation.
Table 1. Experimental results of carrots and drying of living cocoons in the amount of one hundred pieces with infrared rays, vibration effects and elastic waves (process duration 90 minutes)
Experiment Numbers The initial weight of cocoons, g Weight after processing with IR rays, g Weight after processing with infrared rays and vibration, g Weight after processing with IR rays and the influence of elastic waves, g Weight after treatment with IR rays after 10 days, g Weight after treatment with infrared rays and vibration after 10 days, g Weight after treatment with IR rays and the influence of elastic waves in 10 days, g Processing temperature, 0С
1 106,4 100,2 93,6 98,2 88,3 85,1 87,8 55-60
2 110,2 100,3 98,6 100,3 90,4 87,6 89,3 55-60
3 117,0 104,7 102,4 103,0 98,3 94,8 97,7 55-60
4 108,5 100,7 98,6 101,3 94,2 89,9 93,1 55-60
5 112,5 101,3 99,6 100,7 95,1 92,3 93,9 55-60
110,9 101,4 98,6 100,7 93,3 89,9 92,4 55-60
Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that further improvement of this technique and technology developed by the authors affects the acceleration of the process of carving and drying of silkworm cocoons.
References / Список литературы
1. Plaksin Yu.M., Filatov V.V., Doronin A.F., Goncharov M.V., Kulikova M.G. Fundamentals of the theory of infrared heating: Monograph. M.: MGUPP, 2007. 168 p.
2. Safarov J.E. Experimental laboratory studies of the vacuum drying process with infrared radiation // International scientific-practical conference "Problems of the formation and implementation of innovative technologies in the context of globalization". Tashkent, 2010. Ch-2. Р. 171-173.
3. Safarov J.E. Optimization of infrared heating in drying devices. // Materials of the International scientific and technical conference "Modern equipment and technologies of the mining and metallurgical industry and the ways of their development". Navoi, 2010. P. 252-253.
