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PROBLEMS OF THE EFFICIENT USE OF THE MUNICIPAL PROPERTY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Chahkiev Gennady Gennadevich, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow
E-mail: 8252912@mail.ru
Abstract. The main problems, which arise in the formation of municipal property and management are: inadequate legal regulation of property relations and poor management of municipal property. Economic mechanism of management of municipal property is a complex legal, regulatory, administrative regulations and economic activities of the authorities, and is united by a common policy aimed at balanced development of life of the municipality.
Key words: real estate, municipal property, effectiveness of organizations.
With land positions efficiency expressed maximum amount collected land payments, with town planning position - the creation of spatial conditions for the development of the material base of the complex multi-municipality, with environmental - maximum preservation of valuable natural landscapes and ecological balance, positive impact eventually on human health [1].
Based on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of municipal property planning options for the use of real estate (sale, lease, transfer to management, pledge, entering as a contribution to the charter capital of the newly established company) may be carried out.
According to a number of representatives of state and local governments, scientists and specialists, a closed list of municipal property limits the ability of municipalities to develop and implement strategic plans for socio-economic development of territories, the creation of effective conditions for development of small and medium-sized businesses.
Optimization of the volume of municipal property in the first place depends on the efficient and stable division of powers between levels of government. This process is currently in progress. Evaluation of the effectiveness of municipal property is advantageously carried out according to the following criteria:
- natural-material - the operation is evaluated on the quality, quantity and specificity of social services provided to the residents of the municipality;
- value - according to him the amount of financial costs, including extra-budgetary investments and services provided is taken as one for obtaining useful results.
When you create business entities advantage should be given to business entities for the following of their features:
- the ability to attract outside capital in the company through the sale of shares (shares);
- limitation of liability for the debts of the municipality the size of a business entity contribution to the share capital;
- the presence of collegial bodies of enterprise management and control with the participation of the founder (owner);
- the possibility of increasing the interest of employees to increase profitability of the enterprise through an appropriate system of remuneration;
- implementation of financial relationships of the municipality with business entities in the form of payment for work and services under the contract on the basis of the municipal order [2].
Budget effectiveness of organizations that use municipal property, as well as organizations in the authorized capital of which is the fraction of the municipality, calculated as the ratio of the sum of all revenues to the budget and extra budgetary funds of the municipality for the analyzed period (excluding benefits) to the value of property owned by the municipality.
You can select the following tasks of effective management of municipal property:
- the creation of a favourable economic climate for the operation of businesses;
- improving the economic conditions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises;
- the financial recovery of economic agents by providing them with the resources of the municipality and the various benefits;
- creation of favourable conditions for attracting investments in the real sector of the economy to industrial, technological and social development of enterprises, create competitive products and services;
- stimulating increasing the transparency of capital and investment;
- optimization of the ownership structure of the municipality [3].
Control of achieving effective control can be carried out in the following areas:
- an increase in local budget revenues from the use of municipal property;
- the timely development and adoption of appropriate legal and regulatory framework;
- convergence rates for the lease of municipal property and market rents;
- ensuring the completeness of the municipal register of immovable property.
The most important direction of formation of municipal property is the creation
of inter-municipal business entities. For these purposes making changes to the civil law and the law on local government is required.
In the application of federal legislation establishing the procedure for distinguishing the property, there are a lot of questions. In particular, it is not fully developed legal framework for distinguishing property. As a result, in some cases, is not taken into federal ownership municipal property in accordance with the list prepared by the municipalities.
A very serious problem is the distinction of common property complexes in the areas of health, electricity, heat, gas and water supply, sanitation, fuel supply of the population between the levels of government and between settlements, municipal and urban districts. Law enforcement practice shows that this hampered by the lack of necessary documentation, the difference in rates when providing the same services in neighbouring municipalities, the lack of general transmission property complexes [4].
Designated range of issues not covered by the full range of issues arising from the delineation of municipal property. Processes of formation of municipal property and improve of its management requires further study and legislative regulation. It is necessary to accelerate their development on the basis of social consensus between the authorities and the population at all the levels. The need to improve efficiency in the use of municipal property and improve the quality of public services should be considered as the main principles of the work.
Currently, in the theoretical literature and at the legislative level, some municipalities developed the concept of the most efficient use of municipal property. For example, "municipalisation of the property of social and productive infrastructure is an effective tool for sustainable operation and development of municipalities as a whole, associations and rational use of available material and financial resources, ensuring social guarantees to the population. Although, the process of municipalisation has some economic borders [5].
Therefore, in preparing for the adoption of legislation it is necessary to adjust the problem of ownership of local authorities on the ground of their participation in the establishment and implementation of the rental and mortgage relations in property and land areas. Also, it is reasonable to consolidate in the municipal ownership the land within the boundaries of the municipality. The perspective, in our view, is to develop, along with the municipal corporate property, which will allow to coordinate territorial and sectoral interests [6].
It is necessary to implement at the municipal level the certain organizational and economic mechanisms that will allow efficient usage of municipal property, which, in turn, can have a significant impact on the revenues of the local budget. These
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mechanisms can be:
- Continued reform of property relations on the basis of the introduction of new forms of privatization (equity, etc.), the introduction of competition on the challenge of land, placing orders for social needs, complete the identification and registration of land users;
- The use of municipal property as collateral for loans, guarantees for inviting investors;
- Leasing of premises, land, etc;
- Receipt of funds from the privatization of municipal property and auction; application to the debtor company bankruptcy procedures and obtaining the municipal ownership of fixed assets for the debts to the budget.
Literature:
1. Astahov Ju. Kadry municipal'noj sluzhby: Problemy i perspektivy razvitija / Ju. Astahov // Spravochnik po upravleniju personalom. - 2007. - №5. - S. 22-28.
2. Bagiev G.L. Organizacija predprinimatel'skoj dejatel'nosti / G.L. Bagiev, A.N. Asaul. - M., 2008. - 409 s.
3. Bozhenov S. Problemy i praktika razrabotki programmy razvitija municipal'nyh kadrov / S. Bozhenov, K. Harchenko // Upravlenie personalom. - 2009. - №6. - S. 56
4. Bokaev A.V. Problemy i puti formirovanija i jeffektivnogo ispol'zovanija municipal'noj sobstvennosti / A.V. Bokaev // Voprosy jekonomiki. - 2009. - №5. - S.
5. Busin A.M. Municipal'naja sobstvennost' kak ob#ekt municipal'nogo upravlenija (na primere MO «Gorod Arhangel'sk») / A.M. Busin. - Arhangel'sk, 2004. - 110 s.
6. Varga V. Rol' gosudarstva v rynochnom hozjajstve / V. Varga. - M., 2006. - 239 s.
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