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УДК 334.7
PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN HIGH-TECH SECTORS OF THE WORLD ECONOMY
Li Shanshan Scientific supervisor - E. V. Sumina
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology 31, Krasnoyarskii rabochii prospekt, Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation E-mail:1553169202@qq.com
Under the background of economic globalization, the development of science and technology level and the ability to be the deciding factor on a national and regional economic competitiveness. Must implement the tightness combination of science and technology and economy. Only rely on the development of new and high technology industries and as soon as possible, use of high and new technology transformation economy can be improved effectively.
Keywords: high technology, economy, development, organization's development issues.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОРЕАНИЗАЦИОННОЕО РАЗВИТИЯ В ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОЕИЧНЫХ
ОТРАСЛЯХ МИРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Ли Шаньшань Научный руководитель - Е. В. Сумина
Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева Российская Федерация, 660037, г. Красноярск, просп. им. газеты «Красноярский рабочий», 31
E-mail: 1553169202@qq.com
В условиях экономической глобализации развитие научно-технического уровня и его способность быть решающим фактором национальной и региональной экономической конкурентоспособности становятся определяющими факторами. Необходимо реализовать стратегии тесное сочетание науки и техники с экономикой. Только опираясь на развитие новых и наукоемких отраслей промышленности и ускоренное использование высоких технологий изменения будут обеспечивать эффективность и совершенствование экономики.
Ключевые слова: высокие технологии, экономика, развитие, вопросы развития организации.
In recent years, more and more countries pay attention to the development of high technology sectors. To ensure the rapid development of high technology sectors, countries have invested a large number of human and financial resources, triggering a competition on scientific and technological innovation. High technology sectors are mainly engaged in scientific and technological innovation activities, but in the process of its development, it will encounter problems such as high risk, high investment and information asymmetry, resulting in financing difficulties, which is not conducive to
Секция «Проблемы и перспективы международной интеграции в современном бизнесе»
the development of science and technology and economy. However, science and technology finance can effectively solve the problem of financing difficulties in the field of high technology, so as to support the development of high technology.
The status quo of science and technology development in the high-tech industry. In recent years, the development of science and technology finance in the high-tech industry has made significant progress in science and technology financial investment, technology credit, technology insurance, technology capital market, and venture capital. In order to promote the development of small and medium-sized technology enterprises, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance established special technology innovation funds for small and medium-sized technology enterprises in 1999. The government funds were used to encourage small and medium-sized technology enterprises to carry out technological innovation activities. Provide financial support for technological innovation activities of small and medium-sized technology enterprises, thereby effectively stimulating financial institutions and government departments to invest in small and medium-sized technology enterprises, and promote the rapid development of small and medium-sized technology enterprises[1]. Based on the current state of development in the high-tech field, the problems existing in the development of science and technology in the high-tech field are summarized. At present, the following problems exist in the development of high-tech fields: 1. Relatively insufficient investment in science and technology in various countries Most of China's financial investment in science and technology is used in high-tech industries, because technology has mutual permeability. Even if it is not invested in high-tech industries, it will have an indirect effect on the development of high-tech industries. Therefore, this paper selects the national science and technology financial investment data to measure the support of science and technology financial investment to the development of science and technology finance in high-tech industries. The United States increased its support for research and development activities after the Second World War. US R & D investment was US $ 500 million in 1947 and increased to US $ 143.8 billion in 2008. In 2009, the United States' fiscal R & D budget was as high as US $ 147.11 billion, and 15% of the US $ 787 billion economic stimulus plan was invested in technology. The British government has stipulated that the growth rate of national financial investment in science and technology should be higher than the expected growth of the economy. UK investment in technology in 2004 was £ 3.9 billion, which increased to £ 5 billion in 2014, with an average annual growth rate of about 5.8%. In summary, the government's fiscal investment in science and technology is insufficient [2].
2. Difficult financing in high-tech fields
The unique characteristics of high-tech companies have narrowed their financing scope. The development of high-tech enterprises has high risks, requires large amounts of funds, and has few assets available for mortgages, which increases the difficulty of mortgage guarantees. So banks are reluctant to invest funds in high-tech companies. It is also more difficult for high-tech companies to raise funds through the securities market. In the securities market, high-tech companies can issue bonds and stocks for financing, but only if certain conditions are required in the high-tech field.
3. Poor communication of scientific and technological information
Information asymmetry will occur in social and economic activities, which will lead to smooth communication of information related to technology and finance, and increase the risk of high-tech companies. When a high-tech enterprise applies for a loan from a commercial bank, the commercial bank will first conduct a survey of the high-tech enterprise to understand important information about the high-tech enterprise, such as the risk status and operating profitability. At this time, the high-tech enterprise and the commercial bank will There will be information asymmetry. On the one hand,
commercial banks do not know the relevant information of high-tech enterprises, and the historical records of high-tech enterprises are seriously lacking, which will cause the judgments made by commercial banks to be biased and affect their investment decisions. On the other hand, some low-quality high-tech enterprises will conceal their true information, and reflect to the commercial banks their own information or create false information in order to defraud the commercial banks of funds, so that truly qualified high-tech enterprises cannot obtain funds[3]. After commercial banks provide loans to high-tech enterprises, because the information held by the two parties is inconsistent, compared with high-tech enterprises, commercial banks have less information about high-tech enterprises, which will cause commercial banks to undertake Risk of unfavorable behavior. At this time, commercial banks will increase the interest rates on loans to high-tech companies. Once high-tech companies default, high interest rates can make up for the risk of default and protect the interests of commercial banks from being damaged. Therefore, the asymmetry of information will have a negative impact on the development of high-tech enterprises and the providers of funds.
Through development experience, it can be found that policies play a supporting and guiding role in the development of high-tech industries in science and technology and finance. Under the guidance of policies, a large amount of idle funds in the society flowed to high-tech industries, which eased the problem of financing difficulties for high-tech industries. Many countries have special policy institutions. The promotion role of policy institutions can actually be seen as the role of government support and promotional [4]. The policy agencies, while completing the work of government distribution, also link the implementation mechanism of market operation with the focus and trends of government policies, which will support the development of high-tech industries.
In general, the development of high-tech industries in various countries is extremely rapid. China has paid more attention to the development of science and technology, and its investment in science and technology has continued to increase. At the same time, in order to promote the development of science and technology finance and expand the development scope of science and technology finance, the pilot work of science and technology finance has been carried out. However, some local government departments do not attach importance to the development of science and technology finance. If the development of science and technology finance does not have the coordination and guidance of local governments and the lack of relevant policy guidance, it will lack the leading force and development momentum, which is not conducive to the development of science and technology finance in the high-tech industry. By analyzing and summarizing the development status of high-tech industries in various countries, the following enlightenments have been drawn: the development of high-tech fields requires legal support and guarantees; second, policy institutions have a supporting and guiding role in the development of high-tech industries; third The perfect exchange of scientific and technological information is the guarantee for the development of high-tech industries.
References
1. Aghion P.,Howitt. Effect of Financial Development on Convergence: Theory and Evidence. 2005. P173-222.
2. Zhao Changwen. Science and Technology Finance. 2009. P32-34.
3. Fang Hanting. Thinking about the theory, practice and policy of science and technology finance. China Science and Technology Forum. 2010. P4-7
4. Ming Ming. Theoretical and empirical research on the amount of science and technology. Finance Theory and Practice.2013 . P50-55.
© Li Shanshan, 2020
