CC BY
4
UDK 911.2.504.064
Ahmadjonov A.I.
Internship-researcher of Institute of Seismology of Academy of Scienses Republic of Uzbekistan
PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AS A RESULT OF
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN KASHKADARYA REGION
Abstract: It is no secret that at a time when globalization and scientific-technological progress are at their peak and human interests are being expressed, the relationship between nature and society has become more tense than ever, and as a result a number of environmental problems are becoming more serious. Such environmental problems are also relevant for Central Asian countries, especially in Uzbekistan. This article discusses the Kashkadarya oasis located in the south-west of the country and some environmental factors that negatively affect its natural environment, including the problems of environmental pollution as a result of industrial production and measures to eliminate it.
Keywords: Kashkadarya region, environment, industrial enterprises, environmental sustainability.
Since the second half of the twentieth century, the development of demographic processes and the steady increase in world population have in turn led to a sharp increase in demand for natural resources. Today, due to scientific advances, the satisfaction of this demand by humanity armed with modern techniques and technologies, leads to the impoverishment of the natural environment and a dramatic change in the state of the landscape [1]. Undoubtedly, industrial production is one of the leading sectors among the factors that negatively affect the balance between nature and society, as well as the environment. By now we are witnessing directly that the negative consequences of the unscientific organization of environmentally unfavorable, unplanned construction of some industrial enterprises, the unscientific organization of environmental policy in them are causing serious damage to man and the natural environment that encompasses his economic activities.
The above-mentioned problems of the sharp increase in the pace and volume of interaction between man and nature are as relevant for our country as for the Central Asian states. The above-mentioned problems of the sharp increase in the pace and volume of interaction between man and nature are relevant for our country as for the Central Asian states. In particular, in Kashkadarya region, the south-west of the country, there are a number of environmental problems that have been developing since the recent past.
In the territories of our republic, which were mainly a source of raw materials and a source of cotton supply in the former Soviet Union, including Kashkadaryo region, due to the diversion of the Kashkadarya tributaries, which are the main rivers of the region, to the developed areas in order to develop new lands and expand cotton fields, in riverbeds and irrigated lands there was an increase in groundwater levels, a sharp increase in the level of mineralization and the end result was strong salinization[3]. It was during this period that the foundation stone was laid for the drying of the Aral Sea, one of the world's greatest environmental tragedies due to the ecologically unjustified and unplanned use of the waters of the Amudarya and Syrdarya in order to develop new areas, especially in severely deserted areas. The quality of the environment in Kashkadarya region is negatively affected not only by problems in the agro-industrial, irrigation and land reclamation systems, but also by chemical wastes from industry, especially mining and oil and gas. It is known that Kashkadarya region is rich in natural resources and is the main fuel and energy base in the country, providing more than 90% of the country's natural gas condensate and oil. Industrial production is one of the most promising industries in the region, and today there are more than 3,000 small and large industrial enterprises. However, it is the industrial sector that is the main source of environmental pollution in the region.
Table 1
The amount of emissions from industrial enterprises to atmafera in Kashkadarya region (2009-2019 yy.)[4]
Years Size ( A thousand tons )
1 2009 127,8
2 2010 141,2
3 2011 142,5
4 2012 163,0
5 2013 167,0
6 2014 171,8
7 2015 176,3
8 2016 167,9
9 2017 165,7
10 2018 152,2
11 2019 140,4
The analysis of the data in the table shows that the amount of industrial emissions in the Kashkadarya oasis in 2019 decreased slightly compared to 2015 (176.3 thousand tons) and amounted to (140.4 thousand tons), but this figure is not satisfactory. In this regard, the region is better than only Tashkent region (379.7 thousand tons).
There are several reasons why the environment is being polluted by industrial sectors and the pressure on nature is increasing so much. In particular, the lack of comprehensive consideration of the natural and economic characteristics of the region, the location of enterprises without environmental criteria, the obsolescence of their material and technical base, as well as the lack of transition to high technology in most enterprises were crucial in the process of nature management. Currently, the use of high technology in existing industrial enterprises in the region is only 0.1% [4]. This leads to an increase in various toxic gases and chemicals generated during the production process and the pollution of the atmosphere.
Industrial production in Kashkadarya rural districts is growing year by year. Of course, for a region with a population of about 3.5 million, such progress is gratifying. New jobs are being created through the establishment of industrial enterprises, and the level of employment of the able-bodied population is also increasing. However, as industrial production develops, the level of environmental pollution is also increasing, and this process is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. It is important to take the following measures to optimize the current situation and reduce the damage to the natural environment through industries:
• Establishment of industrial enterprises on an environmental criteria;
• Diversification of the structure of the industrial sector [2];
• Increasing the production of environmentally friendly products without waste;
• Introduction of natural resource-saving technologies.
The above-mentioned measures will require a lot of money and time, but unless they are gradually introduced into the oasis economy, ensuring environmental sustainability in rural areas of Kashkadarya, where industrial production is growing year by year and the environment is similarly polluted, will remain an urgent problem.
Literature used:
1. Nazarov I.Q. The main problems of geography - Tashkent: "Editor", 2003. 106-110 p.
2. Federko V.N. Economic and geographical bases of improving the territorial structure of nature management in Uzbekistan. Author's abstract of the dissertation of the doctor of philosophy (phd) on geographical sciences -Tashkent: 2018. 6-20 p.
3. Murodova D.S. Economic geography of Kashkadarya region - Karshi: 2007.11-24 p.
4. www.stat.uz
