0Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
PROBLEMS OF CHILDHOOD AND EDUCATION IN CHARLES DICKEN'S
WORKS
Gulsanam Husan qizi Ahrorova
Student, Chirchik state pedagogical university gulsanamahrorova25721@gmail.com
Elvina Reshatovna Kenjali
Scientific adviser, EFL teacher, Chirchik state pedagogical university
kenjelya18@ gmail. com
ABSTRACT
This article explores the portrayal of childhood and education in the works of Charles Dickens, focusing on how the author critiques societal norms and advocates for reform. Through a detailed analysis of Dickens' novels, including characters and plotlines, the article highlights the harsh realities faced by children and the shortcomings of the educational system in 19th century England. By delving into Dickens' vivid storytelling and social commentary, this article sheds light on the enduring relevance of his themes and the call for change in addressing the problems of childhood and education.
Keywords: Charles Dickens, Victorian era, problems, Industrial Revolution, journalist, editor, writer.
ANNOTATSIYA
Ushbu maqola Charlz Dikkens asarlarida bolalik va ta'lim tasvirini o'rganadi, muallifning jamiyat normalarini qanday tanqid qilgani va islohotlar tarafdori ekanligiga e'tibor qaratadi. Maqolada Dikkensning romanlari, jumladan personajlar va syujetlar batafsil tahlil qilinib, bolalar duch kelgan og'ir haqiqatlar va 19-asr Angliyadagi ta'lim tizimining kamchiliklari yoritilgan. Dikkensning yorqin hikoyalari va ijtimoiy sharhlarini o'rganish orqali ushbu maqola uning mavzularining doimiy dolzarbligini va bolalik va ta'lim muammolarini hal qilishda o'zgarishlarga chaqiruvni yoritadi.
Kalit so'zlar: Charlz Dikkens, Viktoriya davri, muammolar, sanoat inqilobi, jurnalist, muharrir, yozuvchi.
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Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
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INTRODUCTION
Charles Dickens, the first novelist of the trend of Critical Realism, was born in 1812 near Portsmouth the southern coast of England. Charles Dickens, a prolific writer of the Victorian era, is renowned for his vivid portrayal of social issues and injustices prevalent in 19th century England. Among the myriad themes explored in his works, the problems of childhood and education are central to many of Dickens' novels. Through his compelling characters and intricate plots, Dickens sheds light on the harsh realities faced by children and the shortcomings of the educational system during his time. This research delves into Charles Dickens and Charles Dickens' novel Oliver Twist, which portrays the suffering of impoverished children and adults during the Industrial Revolution, particularly in relation to child labor. Dickens aims to expose the societal issues that perpetuate poverty and crime, highlighting the shortcomings of the Poor Law of 1834. He illustrates how industrialization and urbanization exacerbated class divisions and depicts the harsh treatment of children in workhouses. Through his empathetic portrayal of Victorian childhood, Dickens sheds light on the challenges faced by underprivileged children. Oliver Twist serves as a critique of the harsh realities of Victorian society, with Dickens advocating for social change. The study also explores the economic and social transformations brought about by the Industrial Revolution and their impact on children's lives, emphasizing how Dickens uses the theme of child labor to critique Victorian society in his novel. This article delves into the depiction of these issues in Dickens' works, examining how he critiques societal norms and advocates for reform through his powerful storytelling.
LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGY
Charles Dickens, a prominent British writer, journalist, editor, illustrator, and social critic, penned enduring classics like Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, and Great Expectations. Initially published in serialized monthly installments, his works proved financially rewarding after a childhood marked by extreme poverty. Dickens authored a total of 15 novels, including Nicholas Nickleby, David Copperfield, and A Tale of Two Cities. Through his writing, he offered a poignant depiction of the struggles faced by the impoverished and working class during the Victorian era, contributing to societal reforms. Dickens passed away in June 1870 at the age of 58, leaving behind a legacy as on e of the most significant and influential authors of the 19th century.Dickens aims to preserve the joyful aspects of underprivileged children's childhoods that have been lost amidst cruelty and hardship. Drawing from his own experiences, Dickens illustrates how laborers were exploited without compassion,
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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with the industrial revolution benefiting mainly the upper and middle classes. Asci suggests that Dickens believed workers under capitalist employers were restricted from expressing their intelligence and humanity due to societal norms, overlooking their skills and potential. Tasnim notes that Dickens' novels demonstrate deep empathy and understanding towards poor children and families in Victorian society, depicting the struggles of children left to fend for themselves at a young age in poignant detail, illustrating the concept of "Coming of Age."
Dickens's creative work can categorized into four periods:
1.The works written between the years 1833 - 1841 belong to the first period. They are : "Sketches by Boz " ( 1833 - 1841 ) , " The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick club " , " Oliver Twist " , "Nicholas Nickleby " , " Barnary Rudge " , " The Old Curiosity shop" . Dickens's heroes and heroines of the first period are remarkable for their fortitude.They never hesitate to take the wisest way and remain true to the principles of honor. They prefer to live in poverty and work hard . Finally virtue conquers evil. Humor and optimism are characteristic of the first period in Dickens's writings.
2.The following books , written between the years 1842 - 1848 , belong to the second period in the writers creative work. " American Notes" , " Martin Chuzzlewit ", " The Christmas Books " , " Dombey and Son " . In the works of the second period Dickens begins to describe the crimes that arise from the existing system itself.
3.From 1850 to 1859, saw the creation of novels like "David Copperfield," "Bleak House," "Hard Times," "Little Dorrit," and "A Tale of Two Cities." These works stand out for their strong social criticism, offering detailed portrayals of English social institutions and daily life.
4.In The fourth period, during the 1860s, marked by a decline in the labor movement, Dickens wrote only two novels: "Great Expectations" and "Our Mutual Friend." These works reflect a sense of disillusionment, with Dickens losing faith in the ruling class. The protagonists in these novels embody the moral strength and patience of the common people.
Charles Dickens' renowned work, Oliver Twist, sheds light on the struggles faced by children, particularly orphans, in unjust societies. The novel serves as an early example of addressing societal issues like class disparity, workhouses, child labor, and juvenile delinquency with a blend of compassion and dark humor. Dickens critiques charitable organizations and the Poor Law of 1834, which failed to improve conditions for the impoverished. Through Oliver's experiences, Dickens exposes the harsh realities of workhouses, aiming to reveal the government's attempts to conceal
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Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
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the mistreatment within these institutions. The novel also highlights the challenges faced by orphans during that era, as many were neglected, abused, and left to fend for themselves. Dickens' portrayal of these societal issues in Oliver Twist aims to give a voice to the marginalized lower class and shed light on the hardships endured by children in 19th-century London.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The Victorian era saw a series of interconnected changes, starting with the Industrial Revolution and progressing to issues such as child labor and increasing social awareness. While the Industrial Revolution brought about scientific advancements, it also led to urbanization as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of employment. Initially viewed positively, the Industrial Revolution eventually had negative consequences, including rapid urban population growth and the expansion of impoverished neighborhoods. The middle class enjoyed prosperity, while lower-class workers lived in squalor. Social commentators and writers like Charles Dickens highlighted the rapid societal changes and the detrimental effects of industrialization on the living conditions of the masses. Dickens, known for his focus on the struggles of the underprivileged, used his novels to illustrate the injustices perpetuated by laws like the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 by creating fictional characters who served as examples. Dickens explores the harsh living conditions of the lower-class in his works, challenging established moral values and presenting alternate realities. His focus on society's marginalized working class reflects his compassion for the poor, sick, and mistreated, as he empathizes with their suffering and understands the hardships they face.
CONCLUSION
Charles Dickens' works shed light on the pressing issues of childhood and education during his time, highlighting the harsh realities faced by the lower classes and marginalized individuals. Through his vivid portrayal of characters living in poverty, experiencing abuse, and lacking access to proper education, Dickens challenges societal norms and calls for reform. His deep empathy for the poor and mistreated is evident throughout his works, as he strives to raise awareness about the injustices faced by vulnerable members of society. By exploring these themes in his novels, Dickens prompts readers to reflect on the importance of addressing social inequalities and advocating for better opportunities for all individuals, especially children. Ultimately, Dickens' works serve as a powerful reminder of the enduring
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
impact of childhood experiences and the critical role of education in shaping a more just and compassionate society.
REFERENCES
1. Yusupova M. A., Djalilova A. N., Xoshimova D. R & Aminova S. A., History of English and American Literature, 2023
2. Didelyte D., Chales Dickens, Oliver Twist, A thief or a victim?, 2008
3. Hudson P, The Industrial Revolution, Oxford University Press, 1992
4. Asci Y., Marxist. elements in Charles Dickens's novel hard times. Journal of International Social Research, 2019
5. Tasnim N., From adolescence to awakening Portrayal of the urban childs in Charles Dickens' novels. Doctoral Dissertation ,BRAC University,2016
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7. https ://images. app. goo. gl/MHfsV 12FaRtDLuKw8
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