CC BY
1UDC 338.43
PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY IN
MARKET CONDITIONS
MOMINOVA L. K., ZULPUKAROVABA T. A.
Osh, Kyrgyzstan
This article deals with the problems of efficiency of agricultural production in Kyrgyzstan in the conditions of market relations.
Keywords: agriculture, agrarian reform, market relations, efficiency, agricultural products.
Topicality of the topic
The ongoing agrarian reform in the country required fundamental changes in economic production relations in rural areas, the transition to new organizational and legal forms of a multi-structured economy, and the establishment of economic relations between commodity producers that are adequate to market relations.
The agrarian reform in the agro-industrial complex was accompanied by a significant structural adjustment. Breaking up traditional forms of farming in rural areas and dismemberment of the vast majority of relatively large agricultural enterprises, agro-industrial associations and combines through privatization, the formation of closed and open joint-stock enterprises, partnerships, the organization of cooperatives, peasant (farmer) farms and their associations, as well as other organizational and legal structures in rural areas.
Consequently, the problem of increasing the economic efficiency of agro-industrial production is a primary condition for the stabilization and further development of the agricultural sector of the economy, as well as its recovery from the systemic crisis. Commodity-money and market relations, despite their imperfection, have become an objective reality. Therefore, commodity producers are forced to carry out agricultural production mainly on self-sufficiency and self-financing, with economic independence and with a rational fiscal policy of the state in the field of protectionism to domestic agricultural producers.
The solution of these problems is possible by taking full account of the operation of the economic laws of supply and demand, competition, in organic combination with other objective laws of the market economy. At the same time, the problems of improving the efficiency of agricultural production and the competitiveness of domestic goods are currently extremely relevant.
The functioning of the agricultural sector depends on natural conditions, which lead to uneven use of labor throughout the year, uneven receipt of products and monetary income throughout the year. The influence of natural factors also affects the cultivation of certain agricultural crops in the appropriate natural conditions. Socio-demographic factors are extremely important for the development of agriculture. Agricultural specialization is influenced by the ratio between urban and rural populations. In addition, the population ensures the reproduction of labor resources for the industry. Depending on the availability of labor resources, taking into account the labor skills of the population, one or another production of agricultural products is developed, characterized by unequal labor intensity. The use of specialized qualified personnel contributes to the growth of labor productivity, reducing labor costs for the production of these products. The location and specialization of agricultural production is also influenced by the interests of the local population, which in the past were not sufficiently taken into account.
The most significant economic factors of location and specialization of agricultural production include:
1. The location of farms in relation to sales markets and the availability of processing plants, storage tanks for raw materials and final products, the quality of vehicles and communication routes. Types of agricultural products differ dramatically in their transportability. This largely determines
the creation of suburban and raw material zones around large cities and processing industry enterprises.
2. The created productive potential of agriculture: reclaimed land, productive livestock, agricultural structures, industrial buildings, etc.
3. The area of agricultural land, its structure: the size of arable land and farmland per capita.
4. Economic efficiency of agricultural production, determined by a system of indicators, the main of which are the output of agricultural products and gross income per unit of land area and unit of material and labor costs, profitability of production.
5. Features and stability of interregional relations in the production and exchange of agricultural products.
6. Provision of agriculture with means of production supplied by industry.
7. Size of agricultural enterprises. For example, small farms limit the possibilities of specialization. There are two possible ways to increase agricultural production: extensive, i.e. by expanding the acreage, increasing the number of livestock without updating the material and technical base, and intensive, which provides for an increase in output per unit area as a result of using moreefficient productionenvironments and using the achievements of scientific and technological progress.
The possibilities of extensive development are almost exhausted, so intensification is the most effective and only possible way to develop production. The main areas of intensification are: complex mechanization, chemicalization of agriculture, land reclamation, increasing the energy efficiency of labor in agriculture, improving the production technologies used. Intensification is carried out on the basis of deepening the specialization of agricultural production, further development of agro-industrial integration.
Conclusion
The problems of improving agricultural efficiency are quite extensive, and the directions and forms of their solution are multifaceted. However, they are ultimately aimed at obtaining economic and social benefits at each level of management and for each type of agricultural product.
In the activities of rural producers, it is necessary to take into account current global and domestic trends in agricultural production, because its direction of development is largely associated with entering new markets, introducing progressive forms of trade, organizing production and new technologies, strengthening communication between the city and the countryside, and achieving sustainable agricultural development.
In modern conditions, in addition to traditional absolute and relative, quantitative and qualitative indicators, the methodology for measuring agricultural development should also take into account the competitiveness of goods, the level of use of potential opportunities, the rating of organizational, investment and other attractiveness of farms, localities and territories under state regulation, which, among other things, are reduced to identifying the comparative advantages of Kyrgyzstan in the production of agriculturalproducts.
Kyrgyzstan has accumulated sufficient potential for modern agricultural production and has identified the necessary priorities. However, the potential is not fully used for various reasons. In particular, fluctuations in market conditions, the ratio of supply and demand, effective management techniques and organizational forms of management, as well as the advantages of new technologies and equipment are not taken into account.
The development of agriculture is subj ect to state regulation for a number of reasons, including the need to protect the environment, taxation, etc. In our opinion, improving regulation is associated with improving the use of land, pastures and land, a significant part of which is owned by the state. In addition, there is a need to regulate certain pricing processes for food and other goods, so as not to damage the social status of the population. In the same row are the problems of agricultural diversification, as well as rural unemployment and international trade in agricultural products.
It is necessary to create a system of legal norms and administrative and economic measures that prevent irrational land use and water use, and increase land degradation. Tighten the standards
ОФ "Международный научно-исследовательский центр "Endless Light in Science"
for the conservation of land and water resources (permissible levels of contamination of soils and water sources with various industrial and agricultural waste, household waste, etc.) and strengthen penalties for violations. At the same time, significantly improve the practice of monitoring and creating incentives for a gradual transition to environmentally friendly technologies.
It is necessary to strengthen the role and responsibility of local authorities, to use the potential of public organizations in the preservation and restoration of land fertility.
LIST OF LITERATURE
1. Sh.M. Musakozhoev [Text] Economy. Bishkek, 2016 r.
2. Abdymalikov K. The economy of the Kyrgyz Republic in transition. Bishkek, 2010.
