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Mardanova M.D.
teacher
department of foreign languages and literature Denau Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy
PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATION OF EUPHEMISMS IN ENGLISH AND
UZBEK LANGUAGES
Abstract. The given article is focused on translating problems of Euphisims in Uzbek and English language. The following tasks are planned to achieve the above mentioned aim: to investigate about classification of euphisims both languages, to collect information and data concerning euphisims and giving possible solutions these problems with some examples.
Key words: translation versions, TL discourse, service translation, translation strategies, cultural differences.
INTRODUCTION Most translation theorists agree that translation is understood as a transfer process from a foreign language or a second language to the mother tongue. However, market.As my data reveal, the subjects often produce several translation versions.They can comprise the entire text or only parts of it (e.g. paragraphs, sentences,clauses, or phrases). The production of several translation versions can have various reasons, of which at least two can be interpreted from the data:
1. If subjects do not succeed in solving a translational problem on the first attempt, they may try to solve the problem in its wider context. This may require more than two translation versions which may also contain non-strategic parts of the translation.
2. If, on the first attempt, subjects do not succeed in rendering a strategic or non-strategic part of an SL text into TL in a way which is considered adequate, they may try to optimize the TL text production by conceiving a more adequate translation in another version subjects may produce a further version of the TL text segment. Thus, they may sense the complex interrelationships between the components of the TL text methods and problems of its investigation 601 602 Meta, L, 2, 2005 the components, in order to make an adequate stretch of TL discourse, cannot be put together in the same way as they were successively translated from the SL.
MARTERIALS AND METHODS
As far as the investigation of translation strategies is concerned, the potential conception of several translation versions by subjects play san importantpart because translation strategies and translation versions are interconnected in various ways. Two cases are of special interest here: In the first case, a further translation version contains one or more translation strategies. They are called intraversional strategies. In the second case, a translation strategy
contains one or more translation versions. They are called intrastrategic versions. Translating the cultural terms can be a difficult task. Facing cultural differences in translation, Nida believes in equal importance to both linguistic and cultural differences between the source language and the target language andconcludes that"differencesbetweenculturesmaycausemoresevere complications for the translator than do differences in language structure". (24; 130) Taboos are the cultural terms, translation of which is definitely difficult and controversial to some translators.Thisdifficultymaybebecauseofthe differences between
different cultures, religions, and beliefs. There are different ways to translate a taboo from one language into another one. This paper suggests some ways to translate the taboos and euphemisms. quirements are increasingly demanding that translators transfer texts to a target language that is not their mother tongue, but a foreign language. This is what Newark calls "service translation.Theremustbe thousands of examples, but I find this anecdote worth a Chilean exile who had been granted refugee status in a non-Spanish-speaking country, was going to undergo surgery for the simple removal of a skin blemish from her face. However, because of a misunderstanding by the translator on duty in the hospital at the moment she was going to be anesthetized, she was about to undergo breast surgery! It is quite clear that a poor translation can not only lead to hilarity or to minor confusion, but it can also be a matter of life and death. Hence the importance of training translators, not only in the acquisition and command of languages and translation strategies and procedures, but also in specific knowledge areas and, what is equally important, in professional ethics. If translating is a discourse operation interposing between language and thought (Delisle, 1980), we should accept that in the art or skill of translating we are inexorably going to come across assorted and numerous obstacles.There are many thorns that can mortify us during the translation process, whatever the nature of the text we face, and translators should be aware of them. The first problem is related to reading and comprehension ability in the source language. Once the translator has coped with this obstacle, the most frequent translation difficulties are of a semantic and cultural nature (Tricas, 1995): "Linguistic untranslatability" (cognates, i.e. true and false friends, calque, and other forms of interference; institutional and standardized terms, neologisms, aphorisms, etc.), and "cultural untranslatability," (idioms, sayings, proverbs, jokes, puns, etc.).
One should adopt a very cautious attitude toward these words or expressions so as to avoid interference and/or language misuse (Kussmaul, 1995).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
We should always bear in mind that one of the greatest virtues of a good translator is what I have called "contextualized intuition," i.e. the ability to find the nearest common sense interpretation of the "not found" element within its context. Whatever the difficulty in the translation process, procedures must aim at the essence of the message and faithfulness to the meaning of the source language text being transferred to the target language text. In addition to the
information provided above, another obstacle to translating from one language to another occurs with idiomatic expressions and slang. These pose problems because they do not mean what the individual words mean literally, and these idioms often involve cultural history that a foreigner would not know. In fact, often these idiomatic expressions pose the most problems for foreign students who cannot make sense of what American students are saying when they use them. Some languages, such as French, have a plethora of idioms and slang that are difficult to translate. Also, in French there are many expressions that are composed of the verbfaire, which means to do or to make; however, in English a person uses the verb to play [Je fais du foot] or to study [Je fais du francais] insuch expressions. This occurs with German as well. For example, a German exchange student mostly fluent in English might still say "I make soccer."Still another issue that arises from translating occurs between English and Italian when expressing one's feelings. The Italians have a myriad of words to express each nuance of feeling while English comes up short.
CONCLUSION
So often Italians search for the word that will convey their feelings when they speak English. As alluded to in the above response, poetry is extremely difficult to translate from one language to another as the rhythm of a poem can be marred, or even lost; the cultural meanings attached to phrases and the figurative meanings of words, etc. are often truly untranslatable.Regarding the mention in the original question of technology as assistance in translation, it is effective in translating individual words and phrases, but many students have found them selves introuble when they attempt the translation of entire passages.Translation strategies have been defined by me as procedures which the subjects employ in order to solve translation problems (Lorscher 1991a: 76 -81). Accordingly, translation strategies have their starting-point in the realization of a problem by a subject, and their termination in a (possibly preliminary) solution to the problem or in the subject's realization of the insolubility of the problem at the given point in time.
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