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Nazarov H. Yo. senior teacher Kokand SPI Meliyev M.S.
teacher Kokand SPI Xotamov V. V. student Kokand SPI
PROBLEMS ARISING IN THE USE OF WATER RESOURCES IN UZBEKISTAN AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
Abstract: this article discusses the problems of using water resources in Uzbekistan and their solutions.
Key words: geographical location, water resources, resource scarcity,
rivers.
Island in the basin in the 60-70s started because of the water shortage continue from now on that it can reach, but also increase never who objection tell can't Because h of the population in the region continuous increased increasing, productive forces development for q ulay opportunities availability, in particular, of irrigated land abundance (in places, for example, Amudarya in Afghanistan on the edge this to work with t o ' li g ' i at a wide age non entry) from water many Do not use is enough In this situation, it is becoming very necessary to use water sparingly in all areas.
From water in use two give special importance to the feature need:
1) factorial, i.e scientific based on
2) quality b u zila to avoid
Efficient use of water first of all encourages economy, the more rationally water is used, the more it will be used. Because, with the increased water, it became possible to produce additional products. But thrift it or this so different _ to be can _ In particular, it is complex in irrigated agriculture to the character have, for example, first of all, the rate of irrigation, filtration (moisture absorption into the ground), improvement of irrigation technology like elements includes. _ _ Irrigation rate in irrigated agriculture regularly in order put to go as a result many the water saving is achieved. In the 1970s, the rate of cotton irrigation in the Lower Amudarya was per hectare area was 18-21 thousand m 3, now this number is 13-14 thousand m 3 reduced to, according to the republic averaged 12.3 thousand m 3 (in 1996), in 2010 the irrigation rate was reduced to 11.5 thousand m3.
Due to the absorption of part of the water into the ground, the useful coefficient of moisture obtained from water sources remains low. Talk that is, in
irrigation systems and in irrigation fields of water a large part of the soil it leaks. in Uzbekistan highway and utility of inter-farm irrigation networks effect coefficient 0.81, and that of intra - household networks is 0.74, and that of irrigation networks is 0.59, total the average is equal to 0.64. Therefore, 36 percent water in practice not used. Because goes their the main part is on the ground soaked. If the bottoms of the irrigation networks in households water with impermeable material possible as long as If more than k is covered their useful effect coefficient up to 0.85 deliver possible will be This much the water to save possibility gives row intermittent irrigation in the country from old using will come. This is the irrigation method a number of advantages with At the same time, there are also disadvantages. First of all, irrigation water on average 25-36 percent (60 percent in places to) part to the ground, husband plane extremely responsive to demand to give It is necessary to take into account the maintenance of a certain slope is taken.
From a scientific point of view, it is place intermittent irrigation natural-ameliorative taking into account the conditions, it is important to use sprinkler, subsoil, and drip irrigation methods profession of practical importance is enough This as a result of applying the methods crops one road irrigation is achieved in large areas. Also, watering rate reduces by at least 50-60 percent, productivity increases, alien of herbs growth decreases a lot, the level of ground water does not rise and others. in Uzbekistan Drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and subsoil irrigation methods are not used, but they are still widely practiced. is not increasing. The reason to apply them a large amount of savings and different special equipment it is necessary methods little by little with done by increasing will go
Water save again one the way existing irrigation and collecting ditches in oases that have been irrigated for a long time systems new reconstruction based on engineering projects. 1940 thousand hectares in the Republic is available hydromelioration networks, collector ditches on an area of 480,000 ha redry systems sh and new ones to work unloading, capital leveling in the area of 960 thousand ha their work done increase necessary Saved water 4.92 million ha of the current irrigated area in return opportunity to the body will come
Watering rate and of water decrease in soil absorption _ of groundwater with the level also fell goes Because, them satiety source basically irrigated to the amount of water connected. The decrease in groundwater level is a collector ditch to decrease the flow of systems effect is enough Therefore, rivers and thrown into hollows the amount of water is decreasing goes Immediately, from the water factoriality with use principle priority have will be.
Natural water basins and water warehouses, ditches for irrigation networks, sewage, household throwing water streams possible as long as reducing to go the most current issue. Of this on irrigated land for to the body the incoming collector ditch reduce the size of systems on practical things start need. It is about reducing the insurance rate step by step going on, every land reclamation (irrigation map).
features attention taking sugori sh the norm mark sh and water technique perfect sht iri sh the same, etc., irrigation and irrigation systems impermeable materials Delayed coverage which cannot be is a task.
CONCLUSIONS
Uzbekistan natural rich in resources and is diverse. Natural the state of current use of resources is high that can't. Of them use in the process many problems originated. Natural rational use of resources it is ecologically and socio-economically useful. in Uzbekistan to himself special ecological situations content wholesale. They are known development direction have In the Republic known ecological risk sources are also available. Ecological security provide series of activities for developed and done not increased. While the fight against environmental problems may work for a while, it cannot be said that it will work well on a global or regional scale. Until an ecological culture is formed in the society, the work done by one group of people to protect natural resources will be dismissed by another group of people. Therefore, such high results cannot be achieved without changing the ecological views of the population in order to protect land and water resources, which constitute the main part of natural resources, in the development of agriculture, as well as in other fields.
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