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PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT - AN EXPERIENCE FROM HUNG KINGS' TEMPLE FESTIVAL, PHU THO
Tran Thi Tuyet Mai
Hanoi Culture University e-mail: tuyetmaivhcs@yahoo.com.vn
In Vietnam, the issue of preserving cultural heritage, exploiting and developing tourist potential has brought about great achievements, which contributes tourism to become a spearhead economy, and boost economic growth of each locality, each region and the entire country. The article introduces and shares the practical experiences from the Hung King's Temple Festival (Phu Tho Province) to justify, argue for this point.
Keywords: Conservation; Cultural heritage; Intangible culture; Festival; Tourism economy.
Conservation of Cultural Heritage, mining and tourism economic development to create sustainable development, harmonious stability is the goal of every nation and ethnicity. This principle is considered common, global, reflecting the dialectical relationship of the comprehensive development when "the earth is becoming the home of humans", in which the need to conserve and promote cultural values, in harmony with the development of global human community.
Vietnam is a country with many festivals, according to statistics of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism: Currently there are 7966 festivals; including 7039 folk festivals (accounting for 88.36%). In total 7039 of folk festivals, only the Hung Temple festival is the only festival to be hosted by state with national scale (National ritual ceremony). Date 9-12-2012, at the seventh Conference of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) held in Paris (capital of the Republic of France) has accredited "Worship of Hung Kings in PhuTho" is intangible cultural heritage representative for humanity. The conservation of the intangible cultutral heritage to exploit and develop the tourism potential of Hung Kings' festival is preserving and promoting the cultural value of Vietnamese festivals.
1. Hung Temple - The National historic site, where the formation and development of the Hung Temple Festival
In the historical process of survival and development of the national culture, the festival is a cultural forms reflecting the cultural identity of each era, through the festival: ethnic manners, intellectual soul, bravery, raison d'être and aesthetic tendency of people in the community are shown.
For thousands of years of building and defending the country, in the land of PhuTho has formed and existed worship of Hung Kings attached to the sacred Hung Kings' Temple festival, unique expressing the moral 'Gratitude is the sign of noble souls', homage ancestral roots, merit gratitude Hung Kings had the merit of building and defending the country. Overcome many rapids of history, worship of Hung King - Hung Kings' Temple Festival is subtly practiced, gathering power to unite ethnic communities Vietnam on ethnic origin.
This really is the pride of the entire nation because from thousands of generations Hung Kings' Death anniversary - Hung Kings' Temple festival is the spiritual symbol, a place to gather the strength of national unity, where transmissions and continuation traditional cultural values of ethnic noble "Gratitude is the sign of noble souls"
Hung Kings' Temple Festival was formed and developed in the National historic site Hung Temple with systems of belief: the temple, pagoda, steeple, tombs, inscriptions, tower, etc. constructed over a sacred land with extraordinary people, created sacred mountain and river. In the trend of development and innovation of the country, the National historic site Hung Temple has been expanded and renovated infrastructure to make Hung Temple's appearance more spacious, more civilized but nice to not lose focus serene, solemn, reverent and sacred been there forever. the National historic site Hung Temple from the past to the present and future is an important place, is a sacred space for the Hung Kings' Temple festival born, survive developed, flourish and shine, to become a " symbol " of brilliant culture in Vietnamfestival system.
From the historic location, cultural features of province Phu Tho, the space of The Historical vestige "Hung Kings' temple" with the natural scenery and the ancient architecture has contributed to the appearance of the land of origin - a land with multiple special cultural factors presented in the worship of Hung Kings - the accentor of Vietnamese as well as the special festival features in which Hung Kings' Temple festival is the most popular one. The national historical vestige Hung Kings' Temple accompanied by its ancient temples, pagodas has long been the place for Hung Kings' Temple festival to exist and flourish, to shine in community life. To this day, it still remains a historic cultural site that has strong appeal to the visitors:
No matter who goes against return down Remember Death Anniversary the tenth of March History has proven from past to present, Hung Kings' Temple festival is not only interested by communities in PhuTho land, but also people throughout the country, the leaders of the country's reign through the ages are always concerned with investing and organizing and consider it as sacred rituals signaling and gratitude to their ancestors, towards ethnic roots. Hung Kings' Temple festival has been centralized feudal State particularly concerned, as expressed through the court allowed writing jewel book made by Hung Kings, built houses of worship, set out to codify the sacrifices and appointed officials at all levels depending festival hosted each year (in even and odd years).
After the sacred rites, ancient Hung Kings' Temple festival brought the traditional culture of the village festival, it was the demonstration of the game, held jubilantly such as tug, cock fighting, wrestling, human chess, Chinese chess, rice cooking competition, Xoan singing, Bach nghekhoihai, picking up Lord ... Most of the games, held in the Hung Temple festival reflected the daily life of the people, the significant progress of conquest and improvement of human nature. Each game, play reflected the conditions of living religion, the traditions, along with the spiritual values well up from deep spiritual life of the community contains cultural layers, the cultural values created by the community; reflected the labor process, fight against natural disasters, enemy aggression to survive and grow simultaneously as well as sending humans' living aspiration wanted to renovate, conquered disasters of ancient Vietnamese humans at the beginning of Hung Kings era. Those cultural values are common creativeness of the community labor during production, building and protection the country which became spiritual and cultural activities, spiritual indispensable in the life of the community original from ancient times until today.
Hung Kings' Temple festival has still been maintained with two main parts: the ceremony and the festival. The incense offering ceremony was conducted on the anniversary of Hung
King's death (the 10th of March in lunar year). The offering in The ceremony of offering incense at the Upper Temple are prepared by the Festival Organizing Committee. They consist of 100 stuffed sticky rice cakes wrapped in fresh green leaves and blinded with pink bamboo string, and 100 round sticky rice cakes that has the red word happiness and wealth in the middle. According to the legend, when Lac Long Quan and Au Co parted, half of their children went to the seawards with the father Long Quan while the rest went to the mountainous region with the mother Au Co. The eldest son, who followed his mother install himself Hung Vuong, founded the nation Van Lang. Therefore, the number 100 represents for 100 children of father Lac Long Quan and mother Au Co. Beside stuffed sticky rice cake and round sticky rice cake, the offering also consists of a boiled pig's head, a tray of 5 kg sticky rice, 5 trays of fruits which are chosen from the special fruits from regions throughout the country, 8 trays of sweet short cake, young rice cake stacked in a pyramid, betel and areca, alcohol, gold incense,... It can be said that all the offerings are the products of the agriculture. They are 2 traditional types of cakes that were passed by in the legend of choosing the successor in the dynasty of Hung King VI. Stuffed sticky rice cake and round sticky rice cake are the two types of cakes that were made by the pious prince Lang Lieu to offer to the king. These two kinds of cakes are made from the agricultural products containing a Vietnamese concept of universe: the yin and the yang. Round sticky rice cake, which is in shape of round, represents for the sky. Stuffed sticky rice cake, which is in shape of square, represents for the land. Nowadays, in Phu Tho, people still remain the tradition of making stuffed sticky rice cake in the shape of line (stuffed sticky rice cake of the ethnic Tay). However, people still make stuffed sticky rice cake in shape of square to offer to to Hung Kings. Today, the offerings are not only the produce of Phu Tho residents but also the sweet and fragrant fruits from other regions. They are the gratitude to the ancestor of Vietnamese community of ethnics. They have selected a variety of rich and varied products of different regions throughout Vietnam to offer to Hung King.
The participants in the incense-offering ceremony has also changed compared to the pass. Led by the leaders of the Party and the Government, people from all parts of the country come to offer incense to Hung Kings. The community attending the Hung Kings' Temple festival is a community of ethnic Vietnamese living in all regions of the country as well as the compatriots abroad that are towards the festival, towards the origin of the nation.
Hung Temple Festival today brings together artists, actors, athletes typically in cultural movements, mass sports of the regions in the country. This is an opportunity for the provinces to introduce to every one of the potential of culture, sports and tourism as folk music and dance and folk performances, folk games, traditional costumes, traditional festivals, culinary culture, traditional sports, especially promoting the value of cultural heritage in the regions of the country in the innovation, integration and development, cohering ethnic community. Social activities take place along with the death anniversary rites national stature of the Hung Temple festival show the diversity, richness, convergence characteristics of cultural values of communities, is an opportunity for community to converge, exchange, learning and mutual understanding, as opposed to the ancient Hung Temple festival which only PhuTho communities participated in liturgical practices and institutions organized activities.
Hung Temple Festival has given the cultural area of PhuTho a vast cultural space (Space Hung Kings' Death Anniversary Meeting - Hung Kings' Temple Festival) of the community of Vietnamese people, gathering the best cultural values of the country, facilitating cultural land to obtain and enrich the cultural identity of their areas, and create conditions for Vietnam ethnic communities towards the roots, participating in activities
cultural, signaling gratitude to ancestors, learning more about the merits of the Hung Kings, conscious of its responsibility for the building and protecting the country.
2. Hung Kings'Temple Festival in the emotional feelings of Vietnamese and international friends
Over the years, millions of visitors have been attending the Hung King's Temple festival and visiting the Hung Temple, many delegates representing for visiting delegations have touched the memoirs to record the deeply impression on the temple and the festival. According to data from the Hung Temple Historical Site, from 1969 to 31 December 2016, the Management Board of the National Historical Relics- Hung Temple has compiled 23 golden souvenir book with 1,718 emotional sentences from Head of Delegations on behalf of domestic, international and individual organizations1. There were a lot of memoirs from the leaders of the Party, the State, leaders of ministries, central agencies and leaders of provinces and cities and schools, military agencies, state agencies, compatriots and international friends. Each line of feeling expresses sincere thoughts, emotions, and contains deep spiritual feelings, eevincing the spirit, wisdom, and noble life, sentiment and responsibility of each group and individual for the original land, at the same time this is the promise, gratitude, vow of serious irony with the original nation. Coincidently, the total 1,718 words recorded by visitors when arriving at the Hung Temple deeply remembers Uncle Ho's spiritual teachings. "Hung Kings hsve deserved credit for building country, we have to protect it together, this teaching is sacredly inscribed in the mind of each person. These sentences repeated the teaching of Uncle Ho and showed their determination to guard the border of the country, the temple of ancestors, in order to be worthy of the merits of Hung Kings. Among the thousand words of remembrance, we would like to highlight some of the impressed lines of visitors, from the Head of State, High Party and State leaders, ministry leaders, and community leaders, Vietnamese co-workers and international friends to find out their feelings and moods about the Hung Kings'Temple festival:
On September 15, 1974, Comrade Nguyen Quyet, representative of the South Vietnamese army to visit the Hung Temple, wrote, "We prayed for the rest of our lives to do so well that there were nothing more precious than independence and freedom.
On May 7, 1975, only one week after the South was liberated, the unification of the country, the delegation of the South was present at the Hung Temple to inform the credit to the Hung Kings, public with Uncle Ho that South Vietnam has fulfilled the great historical mission that people entrusted, the South has fulfilled the wish of Uncle " we have to protect the country together." Comrade Vu Anh Ba, on behalf of the delegation, made note of the feelings of enthusiasm and emotion, showed pride when the country defeated the invaders and liberated the united South. Uncle Ho's spiritual teaching and great wishes "Uncle Ho's word is the sacred voice of the river, now our people have defeated the American invaders, liberated and reunified the country. We have carried out Uncle Ho's teaching that to be determined to hold each inch of the country, building our country to move fast, move strong to socialism.
On 6 July 1975, the delegation of Long Chau Tien Province had a visit to Hung Temple for the first time, expressing their hope for "the Southern people's chance to visit the land of origin". In September 1975, the delegation of Ben Tre province visited Hung Temple and vowed that "we would follow what Uncle Ho taught to express our thanks for country foundation and protection of the ancestors." For Vietnamese compatriots who live far from the motherland, the image of the country, their feelings and their responsibility
1 Data provided by the Management Board of the National Historical representative of Relics-Hung Temple, Phu Tho Province, December 2016.
towards their people, their ancestors are always in their minds. Since 1976, Vietnamese French delegation after many years away from the fatherland has always remembered their beloved country. "Birds find nest, people find their ancestors and we visit Hung Temple to find the roots of our nation." Mr. Vu Ngoc Son, a Vietnamese American had a deep feeling "like drops of blood on the way back to the heart", when he came to Hung Temple.
On January 21, 1998, Deputy Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Nguyen Tan Dung (later the Prime Minister) wrote that "Visiting Hung Temple, worshiping Hung Kings, remembering the efforts of the country's founding fathers, we will strive for a richer and more civilized Vietnam country".
On April 10, 2000, on behalf of the Hanoi's delegation, the Secretary of Hanoi Party Committee, Nguyen Phu Trong (now the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam) wrote that "Birds have nests, trees have stump, streams have source, people have ancestors. The whole country is always towards the roots of the nation... Party and people of Hanoi Capital vow to keep and promote the glorious tradition of the nation, always together with ethnic groups of Phu Tho province in construction and protection of our beloved country to make Vietnam more powerful".
Then in 2010, Mr. Pham Quang Nghi, Member of the Politburo, Secretary of the Hanoi Party Committee on behalf of the delegation of Hanoi, wrote: "On coming to the ancestral land, paying homage and gratitude to Hung kings and mother Au Co, being eternally grateful to the Hung Kings and the great merits of predecessors.
On November 12, 2011, Phan Huy Le, professor of history, on behalf of the Vietnam History Science Group wrote, "With the greatest gratitude to the Founding Fathers who laid the groundwork for the birth of the Vietnamese Nation. We eternally acknowledge the merit of the Founding Fathers and promise to do our best to unravel the glorious history of the nation, including the great expanding-land era".
Mr. Tran Trong Toan, led the delegation of Vietnamese ambassadors and abroad consuls General to visit Hung Temple. "We are very pleased to visit the relic of Hung Temple, the place of sacred land - great persons and of the soul of Nation. May the Hung Kings bless Vietnam, make Vietnam forever be a peaceful nation, peace and prosperity, and bless the ambassadors abroad to complete missions, to be consistent, to works flawlessly, and to devote to build a stable environment, to promote international co-operation and development for the purpose of building the nation of Vietnam.
Hung Temple and Hung Temple festival not only attracts a large number of Vietnamese but also sacred and attractive to international friends and international tourists. Since April 26, 1977, the delegation of the Technical Directorate of China visited the Hung Temple wrote: "China and Vietnam are neighbors, brothers. (We) Wish the friendship between two peoples of China and Vietnam forever green".
On April 23, 1996, Kuandee Attavatichai, Thammasat University, Thailand wrote, "I am very happy to visit Vinh Phu, where the land of Hung King. I was allowed to visit and understand ancient Vietnamese culture. May the ancient culture grow. In it, it is interesting that there are ancient bronze drums. These are precious materials with images engraved on the lacquer painting about festivals and other cultural aspects of your ancestors. Hope Thai people come to see more".
On December 13, 1998, AftabSeth, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of India to Vietnam, wrote, "The trip to Hung Temple this time to three areas: Lower Temple , Middle Temple, Upper Temple can be considered the best architectural areas. Visiting Hung Temple means beginning to understand the spirituality life of the nation and its fellows. For the Indians, the Hung Temple is close in character, in line with tradition of India. I am very happy to have a pilgrimage to the Temple second time".
The memoirs have been instilled President Ho Chi Minh's advice about the merits of the Hung Kings in building the country and the responsibility of generations in preserving national sovereignty, expressing the determination to build a stronger and more prosperous Vietnam, worthy of the merits of the generations of ancestors, bloodline of Lac Hong; besides, expressing special affection from international friends dedicated to the Hung Temple National Historical Park as well as for the country and people of Vietnam. These memoirs also show the understanding of the nation's historical traditions, the national cultural symbols that united the strength of the solidarity of the Vietnamese community in the course of history. Expressing the belief that Vietnam is an independent nation will develop to a new height, creates more endogenous strength to protect national sovereignty and build a prosperous Vietnam. The memoirs will be a source of valuable folk knowledge for future generations to inherit and develop the idea of national unity, promote the spirit of drinking water remembering the source, have confident to devote to the protection and building of the country richer and more beautiful.
3. Hung Kings' Temple Festival has affected economic growth, cultural tourism
Tourism economy is now considered a special world-wide industry which contributes positively to the economic development, preservation of global cultural values, so, when a national, a local strives to improve the economic life of the community, the tourism is one of the important factors that encourages the development of nation, local positively. Hung Temple festival has brought the greatest economic resource for PhuTho province through tourism revenues. Of visitors attended the festival is also resources on the growth stimulus of economic benefits for communities around the Hung Temple and surrounding areas, especially residents of Viet Tri City, central of PhuTho, where there are Hung Temple and Hung Kings' Temple festival. Community taking part in service activities will provide effective economic returns directly to the residents of the community, and also work to attract tourist visitors.
Currently, the trend of ecotourism travel associated with spiritual beliefs is prevalent: the value of Hung Temple festival is to honor and promote the economic perspective of tourism, as a unique tourism resource to attract the increasing attention of tourists in the country and internationally. Hung Temple and Hung Kings' Temple festival play an important role in the cultural life of communities throughout the country, with profound implications toward ethnic origin, Hung Temple and Hung Kings' Temple Festival has become the often religious spirituality needs attracting tourists to visit.
According to data from the Management Board of historical relics Hung Temple, from the 1960s to 2000, needs to attend the festival of the guests in the 20th century was in the normal range, no specific figures, just estimated: in 1960, about 8 thousand people; period 1961-1970 estimated about 10 thousand people per year in the festival; period 19711980 estimated about 20 thousand people per year; period 1981-1985 estimated about 20 to 25 thousand people per year; the period 1986-1990 the number of visitors increased by about 30 thousand to 40 thousand people per year; the period 1991-1994, about 30 to 45 thousand people; Particularly 1995 about 60 thousand people (year round organizing large-scale festival); period 1996 to 1999, about 35 to 50 thousand people. Especially in the last 10 years (from 2005 to 2015), the number of annual foreign visitors to Hung Temple surged suddenly: from 2.5 million passengers in 2005 to the year 2010, an estimated 6 million visitors (during the Hung Temple Festival 10th day of March (lunar calendar) an estimated 2.5 million visitors in all parts of the country pilgrimage to Hung Temple). From 2010 to 2014, the average annual catch from 4 to 5 million, from the year 2014 to 2016, passenger traffic increased sharply from 6 million visitors (2014) up to 8 million passengers (2016). Revenue targets economic growth of PhuTho Tourism: 2006's revenue 403.80 billion,
506.10 billion in 2007's revenue, 2008's revenue 523.30 billion, 583.00 billion in 2009's, 652 billion in 2010, 2011was 1213.9 billion and 1467.9 billion in 2012, 2013's revenue 1668.5 billion and 1917.6 billion in 2014, 2015 revenue was 2166.1 billion, 2016's revenue was 2 trillion . This is a source of great tourism growth through the exploitation of the value of cultural heritage objects (Hung Temple) and the value of the intangible culture (Hung Kings' Temple Festival). There are also other sources of revenue such as revenue from travel companies organizing tours, revenues from service activities of the local people in the area of the festival. Thus, the use and mining the valuable Hung Temple festival aiming at tourism economic development for the province of PhuTho is a direction to be interested in the planning, rational investment to exploit effectively.
Development trend in our country today is the problem of industrialization, modernization and international integration, which will be a good opportunity to continue the Hung Temple festival better, but we still face challenges in significant forms. The opportunity is through the festival, local tourists know more about Ancestral Land of PhuTho, increase opportunities to develop tourism resources as spearhead the development of cultural, economic, social of PhuTho province, contribute to poverty reduction, as well as through festivals confirming that PhuTho is the beginning of ethnic origin roots. Also from festival activities, the Party and the State has invested funding with support from socialization resources, Hung Temple relics and intangible heritage associated with the Hung Temple festival are preserved and promoted.
4. Orientation of preserving and promoting Hung Kings' Temple festival in tourism development
In Vietnam festival system, Hung Temple festival has extremely important implications, particularly in the cultural and spiritual life of our people. Due to historical claims, uphold the spirit of the nation, the Party and State always interested in Hung Temple festival - considered as the National Day celebration of the entire nation. Therefore, Hung Temple Festival is the only festival to be included in the list of major national holidays which are defined to organize with a national legitimacy in Decree No. 82/2001 / ND-CP dated 25/10/2001 of the Government on the state ritual and welcome foreign guests (Current has been replaced in Decree No. 145/2013 / ND-CP dated 29/10/2013 of the Government Regulation on the nest official celebration; etiquette awarded, forms received commendation and emulation titles; external ritual and welcome, reception of foreign guests). Hung Kings' Death Anniversary Day is officially into the legal document to perform the ritual and national ceremony by the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
The biggest challenge is that the issue of international economic integration will affect the preservation of cultural diversity - thus the unique national identity is to the fore. Cannot eliminate the risk of Hung Temple festival will be deformed, if no conservation measures consistent with the views and attitudes with a scientific consistent with the trend of development of life practical and community respect. Hung Temple Festival is very special intangible cultural heritage to the community of Vietnamese people. Hung Temple is a tangible cultural heritage, so this type of heritage needs to be preserved and long-term deposits in the cultural life of the community of Vietnamese people. Hung Temple festival of folk festivals type is formed in the past, over time there have been changes, so the common goal of conservation which should be achieved are: Conservation and legacy selection of cultural heritage in the festival activities, selective absorbing cultural values of folk festivals to promote the festival in today's social life. To implement conservation goals
2 Data provided by the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of PhuTho province, in December 2016.
and the festival in general mounted Hung Temple festival tourism development, necessary to carry out several solutions:
4.1. Preserving the content Hung Kings' Temple festival
4.1.1. Stablizing the festival model by criteria Festival of national scale with the participation of communities throughout the country, including community-Phu Tho residents are actors practice the rituals, this community should keep the leading role organizing and presenting folk cultural activities during the festival Ancestral Land.
4.1.2. Reconstructing games, acting, folk performing for more adequate. Based on folk memories of selective reconstruction, improving not only rituals part but also festivals part that ensure the consistent and vivid expression elements of conservated cultural heritage and intangible objects.
- Rituals part: Delving into the document bibliography, inheriting available research results from research institutions, exploiting the traditional values, customs, traditions and other folk knowledge having particularities of Temple festival Hung to introduce, attract tourists and promote the cultural values of the festival. Determining the liturgy, costume, suspected the processions, offerings, building and coaching sacrifice team guaranteed to have need-preserved characteristics.
- Festival part: Identifying, reconstructing folk games, folk art (Xoan singing, drumming, du tien, dam duong, performing...). Orienting clearly where new additional elements are, where is the need to preserve heritage and promote. Inheriting the good elements from past to present, it is the rituals, ceremonies, games, performances of the festival takes place in the space around the foot of the ancient village of Nghia Linh Mountain to the content of an humane existence in the current Hung Temple festival. At the same time, pushing back and gradually eliminating the factors that have inappropriate content, contrary to the traditional values, not consistent with the positive trend of the Hung Temple festival.
4.2. Solutions to the development policy of tourism economy
Tourism is a vital, synthesis, close economic sector and even profound cultural nature, is the driving force stimulating the economic and social development. Building monuments conservation policy and promoting festival associated with strategies of cultural tourism development and ecotourism, this is an important content in line with the characteristics and natural conditions of Phu Tho Province having hilly forests, natural lakes, and the natural ecology. Need to promote the potentials of cultural values to the festival focused on building sites, carnival attractions, tours tied to the spiritual tourism in Phu Tho province which points to the Hung Temple. Phu Tho, invites neighbor provinces to participate in promotions, introduce special cultural values of ethnic groups in their localities. Mounting cultural activities, traditional sports to promote tourism, introduce the country's image, and people of Vietnam and the nice long and original gorgerous tradition of "ancestor worship" of the nation It confirmed bravery, intelligence, consciousness towards the source of Vietnamese to international friends. In terms of the Festival part, need to focus on activities including folk game shows and featured traditional cultural activities imbued with the cultural identity of each locality, region, area, meaning towards the source, thereby, teach the young generation today, pride, gratitude for their predecessors. Need to conserve selectively the nice traditions of the people according to a healthy,progressive, economical, practical, and attractive trend, and appropriate the cultural diversity in the spiritual life of religious festival.
Phu Tho needs invest in upgrading the technical infrastructure, reconstruct the roads to go on tour in the province and the provincial foreign destinations combination of river, rail and road, the accommodations, restaurants, hotels, entertainment spots and create
unique tourism product attractive for tourists to gradually upgrade the brand, to create conditions to promote economic and social development, promote economic growth contributes incrementally Phu Tho tourism into a spearhead economic sector focus. Need to create an environment of cultural tourism (tourism or historical - cultural and eco-tourism -cultural) activities associated with the festival, spirituality and belief. Organizing, designing, building tours , according to the line tours of religion, ecology, heritage ... to promote the strengths of Ancestral Land of Phu Tho. Connect, coordinate between local, regional, nationwide in order to preserve and promote the cultural values of the festival.
4.3. Propaganding and promoting the festival on the mass media.
Propagandation aimed at raising awareness and understanding of the community on
the value of the Hung Temple festival. With an aim towards community heritage organizations and community festivals, community oriented festival, thus promoting communication solutions for the festival is very important. Diversifying the types of communication, such as through the mass media, to build their own websites for the Hung Temple festival, building tapes ... to introduce the local community and international community.
For local communities, need strengthen propaganding and promoting the festival and the relevant information in terms of both heritage value and special historical value attractive to tourists. Propaganding to learn about community building and defending our father's country's tradition, uphold the will to unite the community, strengthen the solidarity between peoples toward the source to build and protect the country. For foreign communities, communities in remote areas or not directly participating in the festival should be conveyed by means of Vietnam Television, broadcast on Voice and Vietnam radio and local television stations. Besides, the need to develop special programs introducing Hung Temple and Hung Temple festival on the media and radio and television for overseas expatriates know. In addition, using other means to convey information such as newspapers, magazines, websites, etc. to create abundance in the implementation of programs that promote the Hung Temple and Hung Temple festival today.
4.4. Strengthening the construction of facilities for festivals, preserving sacred spiritual space of the festival
There are plans to preserve, restore Hung Temple historical relics and surrounding Hung Temple area. On the basis of the overall planning area of Hung Temple historical relics, planning the spaces of ceremony, meeting space, eco-tourism space, constructing of reasonable entertainment. Investment, upgrading, expansion populations parks National Historic Hung Temple stature commensurate with the status of the Hung Temple festival, putting the ancient become National Historical Park, in parallel with the this, we must focus on renovations and restoration of nuclear sites around the Hung Temple. Special attention to preserving the sacred space of the ceremony area, renovating but not distorting the existing works, reconstructing works marked by cultural Hung Kings adequate scale, in harmony with the special position of the relic. special attention to protect the natural ecological environment of the relic and vicinity. Meeting space expansion, construction works associated with the beliefs and legends of the community, the work must have the overall architectural harmony, dignity, superficial world, unfragmented, patchwork.
Along with the quality investment of service works, we need pay attention to the design of architecture and cultural values in the Hung Kings era, make a difference characteristic of cultural services in Hung Kings Festival. Investing in infrastructure to serve tourists domestically and internationally, to renovate and upgrade the existing and new construction works to meet the needs of high-quality services and the increasing number of tourists. Completing investment in upgrading infrastructure serving economic development
of the region for tourism and festivals. Researching detailed planning conservation areas, protecting infrastructure festival, promoting tangible and intangible cultural values. Festival activities tie to tourismand services development at Phu Tho province and link to the provinces and cities of the entire country.
4.5. Building cultural lifestyle for festival
These days, tourists joining the festivities in general and the Hung Temple festival yearly spike, thus, building cultural lifestyle for festival visitors which facilitates active participation in the festival is an implemented urgent mission. Implementing cultural lifestyle focused on the following:
+ Propaganda visitors to understand the cultural heritage value of the celebrities and monuments, with respect attitude when visiting, and attending the ceremony.
+ Observe laws, rules and regulations festive activities.
+ Develop behavior culture, culture of using carnival costumes, culture of group communication, awareness of participating in traffic, and protecting the ecological environment.
+ Trade civilization in services and business activities.
+ Keep sanitation, food safety, disease prevention.
+ Educate awareness of implementating civilized lifestyle for individuals, community of officials, Party members participating in the management of festive activities.
+ Prevent phenomena and manifestations of superstition, trafficking, spreading depraved cultural publications, documents against the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, taking advantage Hung Temple festival and worship of Hung Kings causing deteriorate because of psychologically divisive internal unity among the people of the ethnic communities in Vietnam. Forming lifestyle and culture during the festival, bringing the death anniversary of Hung Kings - Hung Temple Festival become cultural events with divine imprint, impression in the mind of the people throughout the country and international friends.
4.6. Improving the quality of human resources serving and organizing Hung Kings' Temple festival in management institutions Monuments and Hung Temple festival
Currently, the area of Hung Temple historical relics have also been recognized as one of 62 national special monuments; and worship of Hung Kings in Phu Tho by UNESCO as intangible cultural heritage of humanity. To relic worthy cultural works at special national level, Phu Tho should invest resources of high-quality staffs: 1 / Staffs must be trained in-depth expertise. 2 / Staff must have enthusiasm for actually managing international monuments and festivities by dedicated and skilled staff will stick with the community. 3 / Staff must have the skills to work with the community. 4 / Personnel must have professional qualifications in line with the knowledge of foreign languages to reach out to foreign tourists. 5 / Officials have to be stable and enough actual amount of work in place. Solutions on organizational structure and human resources are essential for the organization and management of the Hung Temple festival reaching high quality.
Hung Kings' Temple Festival was established fin the sacred spiritual cultural space of the Hung Temple historical relics, from this large the cultural space, in many generations 'consciousness, national consciousness and sense of history, esteem of great person and group aspirations in the cultural mindset of people over thousands of years have always swirled, entered an innocent coordination, forming a reason for living, a grateful morals, tradition for the predecessors that Forefather- Hung Kings is the culmination.
Список литературы
1. PhuTho Department of Culture, Information and Sport - PhuTho Folklore Society (2000), the collection of Folklore Ancestral Land, Volume 1.
2 Ngo DucThinh (2012), Perceptions about traditional festivals, Article in the Proceedings of the Workshop on Science Festival, perceptions, values and management solutions, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism -Council of Hanoi Heritage Country.
3. Nguyen Chi Ben (2011), "Characteristics of worship Hung Kings in PhuTho", Journal DSVH.
4. Tran Lam (2011), "The custom of worshiping Hung Vuong and ancestor worship", Journal DSVH, (35), in February.
5. PhuTho Department of Culture, Information and Sport - PhuTho Folk Arts Festival (2000), The collection Folklore Ancestral Land, Volume 1.
6. Ngo Quang Nam, Xuan Thiem (Editor) (1986), monograph VinhPhu - Folklore of Ancestral Land, Department of Culture, VinhPhu Publishing.
7. PhuTho Department of Culture, Information and Sport - PhuTho Folk Arts Festival (2007), returning to the Vietnam ethnic origin,vol 1.
ПРОБЛЕМА СОХРАНЕНИЯ КУЛЬТУРНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ
ВЬЕТНАМА В РАЗВИТИИ ИНДУСТРИИ ТУРИЗМА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ДНЯ ПОМИНОВЕНИЯ КОРОЛЕЙ ХУНГ,
ПРОВИНЦИЯ ФУТХО)
Чан Тхи Тует Май
Ханойский университет культуры, Ханой, Вьетнам e-mail: tuyetmaivhcs@yahoo.com.vn
В статье обозначена важность сохранения национальных праздников, как формы отражения культурной идентичности. На примере общенационального праздника «День поминовения королей Хунг» (короли Хунг во Вьетнаме считаются основателями страны Ванланг - первоначальной государственной структуры древних вьетов (вьетнамцев), которая существовала в бронзовом веке порядка двух тысяч лет до нашей эры; до сих пор короли Хунг являются полумифологическими героями и занимают священное место в истории страны) раскрывается важность сохранения культурных традиций Вьетнама в развитии сферы туризма и экономики страны в целом; предлагаются пути повышения качества предоставляемых туристических услуг в дни праздника, проводимом в провинции Футхо.
Ключевые слова: национальный праздник, культурное наследие, День поминовения королей Хунг, туристические услуги, привлечение туристов.
