CC BY
5
UDC 374
Raimjonova S.A.
Bobokulov K.S.
Senior Lecturer of the Department "Music Education "
TSPU them. Nizami PROBLEM LECTURE IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Annotation: The article talks about the problem lecture and its use in the educational process.
Keywords: pedagogical problem, problem lecture, educational technologies, problem presentation, problem game.
In pedagogy in many situations, the concept of "problems" is used to solve composite pedagogical, psychological, and educational problems.The pedagogical problem is a pedagogical problem that needs to be solved, but the solution is not yet known.Problem-learning technologies are educational technologies that allow students to develop creative searches for small research, promoting obvious hypotheses, substantiating results, reaching definite results, etc.Technologies for problem-based learning are based on enhancing the functions of students.The appearance of personal opinion, the concept of the essence of the problem, the call for solving a problem situation, feeling the problem in such a situation, conducting research in the way of solving the problem, having talent in solving problems is the main idea of the technology of problem-based learning.This educational technology was formed in antiquity. For example, the method of Socrates, the discussions that were held in ancient India, China, and Movorounnahr.Modern technologies of the problem method were founded by an American scientist J. Dewe.There are other such concepts:
- problem report;
- problem lecture;
- heuristic conversation;
- problem presentation;
- Practical lesson based on research;
- creative tasks;
- mental problem experience;
- development of problem hypotheses;
- the choice of the optimal solution of problems;
- problem game;
- problem tasks.
In the educational system, the problem lecture is the main method in problem
study.
Problem lecture is a lecture in which the teacher improves the student's working capacity by participating in problem situations and, in the direction of solving problem problems.In compiling problem-based learning, the methods used by the teacher are of particular importance. Therefore, the choice of the teacher
should pay special attention.The main methods of problem-based learning are as follows:- research method;- heuristic method;- method of creating a problem situation;- creative method;- partially creative method.A lecture is a report of educational material, a monologue way of cooperation between a teacher and a student. The lecture is also a mediator of the objective connection between the evidence and the events.
Lecture is the ratio of using short auxiliary dialogues that provide diagnostics, and is a factor in the qualitative and material interpretation of the teacher's knowledge for students. This refers to the reverse relationship. A lecture consists of a connection between the form and style of study. Lecture is a relationship of learning. This is listening to it with attention, visual study of aids, synopsis and the whole lesson.The following differences in oral lectures differ from other forms:a) strict compilation;b) the logic of the report of educational material;c) the amount of information reported;d) the systemic nature of the knowledge report.The subject of the lecture is complicated. It consists mainly of a report on the relationship between complex situations, objects and processes. In terms of scope, a lecture is sometimes equal to one lesson, sometimes a combination of several lessons. The lecture begins with an explanation and turns into a conversation.
The effectiveness of the lecture depends on the following conditions:compilation of a detailed lecture plan by the teacher; the name of the lecturer for the volume, goals and objectives; communication of lecture plans to students; detailed explanation of each item of the plan; after the explanation, summarize each item; logical links between lecture points when moving from one point to another; living language; tasks; comparisons; timely provision of relevant examples; control over the thinking of students; the rate of the lecture story, which allows the student to take notes of a thesis; the opening of important aspects of the lecture; highlighting the rules to be recorded; presentations to help understand the lecture; conducting a seminar on this lecture. The lecture saves time of study and is effective in understanding the information. Problem lecture is one of the active types of lectures.
Problem lecture in the educational process helps to solve different types of problems. This type of lecture is distinguished by the fact that it helps the student in creative thinking and develops. Technologies of problem lectures are not distinguished by variability, because the process of obtaining a student's knowledge is divided into several stages, they are related to each other.At the time of the emergence of a problem situation, the introduced learning problem is difficult, but students must solve this. In the second (closed) stage of solving this problem, he himself must himself strive for a solution. He must understand what information and what is needed to solve this problem. In the third (open) stage, there are many ways to solve the problem of this situation.
Known useful aspects of the problem lecture:Acquisition of knowledge through personal research work, interest in the educational process, the development of practical performance and other learning outcomes.Problem lecture in the educational process helps to independently develop knowledge, develops the
creative thinking of students and teaches them to actively participate in the educational process.
References
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2. Gorelova GG Personality crises and the pedagogical profession. M., 2004.
3. Zeer EF Psychology of Professional Development: Proc. allowance for stud. supreme. training. institutions. M., 2006.
4. Kuzmina NV Professionalism of the activity of the teacher and the master of vocational training of vocational schools. M., 1989.
