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Section 6. Economic security
Muratova Shokhista, Higher military customs institute, Ph D., in Economics, the department of Classification and certification of goods E-mail: shohista11@mail.ru
PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF THE CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES IN ENSURING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF THE GOODSAS THE OBJECT OF THE STUDY OF CUSTOMS EXPERTISE
Abstract: The article analyzes the general principles of environmental policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a whole, as well as the direction of the customs authorities in ensuring the environmental safety of the goods as the object of research of customs expertise. The importance of ensuring the environmental safety of the goods when they are released into the customs territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan is noted. Particular importance is paid to the problem of countering counterfeit products. To protect against counterfeit, the proposed protection system, consisting of several directions.
Keywords: environmental safety, environmental policy, customs control, customs expertise, identification of goods, counterfeit and falsified products.
High environmental pollution. Depletion of natural resources. Deterioration of our habitat quality. We hear this almost every day and have already managed to get used to such messages. However, more and more, we hear something else: the environmental management system, the environmental safety of products, resource-saving technologies, the company's environmental image, etc. These concepts are still not very familiar to the public, but they are causing increasing interest among manufacturers. Environmental problems have reached the level of the relationship "producer-consumer", "enterprisestate", "product-market".
The world, and first of all, the European community has already put forward a number of requirements for organizations trading with the countries of the European Union. These are mandatory and recommendatory norms relating to building man-
agement systems in the enterprise in the field of environmental safety, social responsibility, product quality. Rules - international standards - are the basis for voluntary certification of finished products or management / control systems in an enterprise.
Currently, almost all countries of the globe, including the Republic of Uzbekistan, are experiencing many environmental problems. These include soil, water and air pollution, global warming and the greenhouse effect, the accumulation of industrial waste. Recently, the environmental safety of food and basic necessities has become particularly urgent. Increasingly, manufacturers of these goods are neglecting their quality, using contaminated raw materials and simplified production technologies. And if within the country standards of quality requirements for goods and measures to combat counterfeiting are developed, then a certain part of imported products
is a potential danger. The most common violation of environmental safety is found among food products: meat (especially poultry meat), canned fish, confectionery products, vegetable oil and alcoholic beverages. Among non-food items, perfume-cosmetic products, detergents, children's toys, sewing and knitwear, leather shoes, video and audio products most often do not meet the environmental safety standards. For a global and effective fight against them, governments develop their own environmental policies.
Environmental policy is an organizational and regulatory and control activity of society and the state, aimed at protecting and improving the natural environment, effectively combining the functions of nature use and nature protection and ensuring normal human activity [1, 98-101].
Given the complexity of the implementation of environmental policies, it is important to outline the range of systemic problems that require priority attention. For an objective assessment of the effectiveness of environmental policy implementation, you can use several criteria:
- first, these are indicators of the state of health of the population - life expectancy, the correlation between birth rate and death rate, the dynamics of the age and sex distribution of the population in the country in general and in regions in particular;
- secondly, these are indicators of the level of development and effectiveness of the environmental management system, first of all - the systems of non-depleting (balanced) environmental management;
- thirdly, these are indicators of the state of the environment, figuratively speaking, indicators of the state of health of the environment - the level of pollution of the air basin, water bodies, land resources, the scale of recreational zones and protected areas, the richness of biological diversity.
A simple analysis shows that the criteria for this triad are closely interrelated: human health is influenced by the quality of the environment, and both the population health indicators and the en-
vironmental health indicators depend on the level of development of the environmental management system [2, 106].
At present, the state environmental policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is determined by the concept of sustainable development, which is enshrined in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of December 9, 1992 "On Nature Protection". The main principles, objectives and measures of environmental policy are determined by:
- legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan; decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan; normative legal acts of authorized ministries, departments and committees on nature protection; international legal acts on environmental protection, which participants are the Republic of Uzbekistan);
- programs of the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of economic restructuring and economic growth, including the Action Strategy for the five priority areas of the country's development in 2017-2021;
- target programs;
- state standards and other regulatory acts.
To ensure environmental safety for the health of our population, as well as environmental safety, clothing, household appliances, food and non-spread alien species and genetically modified organisms, the environmental policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is designed to produce imported products into the customs territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The environmental policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the release of imported products into the customs territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan is carried out by customs control authorities.
Customs control is considered as a set of activities that are carried out by customs authorities within their jurisdiction in order to ensure compliance with the customs legislation, the provisions of international treaties [3, 65-68].
Currently, when declaring goods in the freight customs declaration, in the system of customs authorities of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the following methods of protecting commodity markets have found practical application, in particular: mandatory certification of products and confirmation of its compliance; the risk management system in the customs sphere; the customs register of intellectual property; law enforcement practice.
The fight against undeclared goods is of great conceptual importance in the activities of customs, which is an effective executive body to combat violations in the field of imports to the republic, the spread of counterfeit products and parallel imports. However, it should be noted that the state customs authorities work only with respect to the declared goods, indicating in the cargo customs declaration information on the manufacturer and the name of the trademark, since this information is important in solving issues of protection of intellectual property. Ensuring intellectual property rights by customs authorities is based on the provisions set out in Chapter 56 "Protecting Intellectual Property Rights" of the Customs Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, international treaties and other obligations. In the practice of the customs authorities, according to the main provisions of Chapter 24 of the Customs Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan "Risk Management System", a mechanism for forming a risk profile is implemented, i.e. bringing to the customs posts information about those companies that systematically import counterfeit goods into the republic.
A special place in the implementation of modern principles and mechanisms of the system of combating counterfeit goods is taken by customs expertise, which is a procedural action aimed at identifying goods and consisting in conducting research, giving an expert opinion on the basis of special knowledge in the field of science, technology, or craft. The purpose of the customs examination is to identify the goods: to control the correct classification of goods in accordance with the HS;
in the products of their processing; to enforce intellectual property rights.
One of the reasons for the appointment of an examination is to check the quality of the cargo being transported, including foodstuffs and consumer goods. In cases where a customs officer has a suspicion of non-compliance of goods with sanitary or environmental standards, and a deviation from compliance with national and international standards is established, an examination is required.
Examination of the definition of counterfeit and falsified products is a procedure aimed at detecting signs of counterfeit goods or unlawful use of registered trademarks, as well as providing for the solution of the following issues: determination of counterfeit/falsification; confirmation of the authenticity of products; determination of changes in the composition of falsified or counterfeit products, its properties and qualities; identification of signs of counterfeit and falsification.
It is important to note that the problem of countering counterfeit products is complex. One of the reasons for its wide distribution, despite the existing legislative acts in the republic, can be called a weak mechanism in developing an established intellectual property management system. In this regard, it seems appropriate and necessary to improve government regulation, strengthen the fight against corruption, strict discipline, verification and proper control [4, 275-279].
To protect against counterfeit, it is necessary to develop a protection system that should include work in several directions, in particular:
- create a unified system for collecting and storing data on licenses issued to companies and products, which are assigned certain identification numbers;
- require manufacturers to indicate in the barcodes of all goods sold in a marked form, information about the license or product identification number, so that consumers can use electronic means to access a single database and verify the authenticity of the product being purchased, that is, its licensing and belonging to the specified company;
- require manufacturers to issue labels containing a similar bar code;
- taking into account the expansion of trade and economic relations of our country at the international level, the introduction of modern technical means to ensure the management of information resources tracking will allow at the border to establish the fact of goods belonging to the category of counterfeit;
- improve the level of consumer competence and literacy;
- strengthening the control and personal responsibility of customers purchasing certain types of goods related to intellectual property.
Thus, the presented material is an evidence base of the need to develop and improve measures for the implementation of comprehensive measures to counter the illicit trafficking of counterfeit and falsified products by the customs authorities of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
References:
1. Rozanov S. I. General ecology // Tutorial.- M.: Lan, 2001.- 287 p.
2. Protasov V. F. Ecology, environmental protection: laws, codes, payments, indicators, regulations, GOST. Terms of the concept. Environmental law.- M.: Finance and Statistics, 2006.- 375 p.
3. Svinukhov V. G. Customs. // Textbook for universities.- M.: Economist, 2005.- 297 p.
4. Marina G. Burns. Logistics and Transportation Security, Strategic, Tactical and Operational Guide to Resillience // ISBN: 9781482253078. 2015.- 380 p.
