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12DOI:
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MONGOLIAN SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS
OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Elena Godina
Senior researcher, Anuchin Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; e-mail: egodina11@gmail.com
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to analyze morphofunctional indicators of physical fitness in groups of Mongolian children and adolescents with different levels of physical activity. The results of a comprehensive survey of 3,519 boys and 3,617 girls aged from 8 to 17 years living in Ulaanbaatar were used. Children and adolescents were divided into 2 groups: athletes and controls. Greater values of the total body dimensions in athletes indicate that, under the influence of physical loads, the morphological status of the subjects begins to change quite early. By the end of the studied period, the intergroup difference reached its maximum, and was more pronounced in boys. As can be expected, the differences in functional indicators were much more pronounced: characteristics of respiratory and cardiovascular systems were better developed in physically active individuals (especially females). Hand grip strength was higher among athletes. Thus, positive changes in physical strength are directly associated with a higher level of physical activity. In terms of physical performance in non-athletes, agility, flexibility, speed and power endurance stabilized or worsened after puberty, while in athletes they continued to improve. The explosive muscle strength in athletes showed a steady improvement, while the controls were characterized by uneven and less intense increases. In general, the obtained results point to the heterochronic changes in motor coordination associated with the sex of the examined individuals. It can be concluded that systematic physical activity has a positive effect on body systems, significantly improving functional traits. Athletes are more adaptable to the environment in comparison to their less active peers. The greater range of differences in morphological traits in the groups of boys, and functional indicators in the groups of girls, can be interpreted in the context of the traditional way of life, with the typical gender stereotypes and roles present in Mongolian culture.
Keywords: auxology, Mongolian children and adolescents, morphofunctional traits, physical activity DOI:
PREVENTION OF DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION
Olga Kovshova
Head of the Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Federal Budgetary Educational Institution Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Samara, Russia; e-mail:
o.s.kovshova@samsmu.ru
Diana Ligina
Postgraduate student, Federal Budgetary Educational Institution Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Samara, Russia; e-mail: dilygina@yandex.ru
Alina Akderli
41
Postgraduate student, Federal Budgetary Educational Institution Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Samara, Russia; e-mail: zagumennova.alina63@yandex.ru
Abstract: One of the priority areas of child and adolescent clinical psychology is the prevention of deviant behavior. In the conditions of the digitalization of society, deviant behavior of a teenager is the result of a complex interaction of various factors. These factors are often defects in school and family education, revealing the unfavorable features of his immediate environment in the family. The purpose of the work: to determine the psychological characteristics, emotional state, and suicidal risk of adolescents in the conditions of the digitalization of society. Research methods. Questionnaire of suicide risk. Pathocharacterological diagnostic questionnaire (PDO) for adolescents A.E. Lichko (1970). Questionnaire of suicidal risk by A.G. Shmelev, modified by T.N. Razuvaeva. Methodology for diagnosing socio-psychological adaptation by K. Rogers and R. Diamond. Sample: 50 adolescents from secondary school No. 37 in Samara, aged 14 to 16 years (29 boys and 21 girls). The main results of the study. Adolescents with a high suicidal risk had high rates of affectivity, failure, social pessimism, breaking down cultural barriers, maximalism, and negative time perspective. Characteristics such as labile, psychasthenic and sensitive prevailed. Adolescents were dominated by a negative attitude towards the past (rS= - 0.644*), towards themselves (rS= - 0.696*) and towards superior persons (rS= - 0.774**). Values of sincerity were also at a low level (rS= - 0.698*). In the conditions of the digitalization of society, the prevention of suicidal risk is aimed at early diagnosis and screening of socio-psychological factors of significance. The mathematical regression model revealed: SR = 3.952 + (0.593*D) + (0.585*SP) + (0.391*M) - (0.179*C) + (1.087*IS) - (0.096*A) + (1.517*HBC), for demonstrativeness, pessimism, maximalism, sensitive type of accentuation. Currently, the behavior of a teenager is the result of a complex interaction of socio-psychological factors. The digital socialization of a teenager plays a significant role as it facilitates interactions with a combination of factors that impede social and psychological adaptation. Psychotherapeutic work with adolescents is a complex undertaking that requires specialist knowledge and skills in the field of clinical and psychological diagnostics and individual, group, and family psychotherapy.
Keywords: delinquent behavior, suicidal risk, adolescents, prevention, digitalization DOI:
DIFFERENT TYPES OF OBESITY IN CHILDREN AND THEIR RELATION TO PHYSICAL FITNESS LEVEL
Martin Musalek
Associate Professor, Department of Kinanthropology and Humanities of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; e-mail: musalek.martin@seznam.cz
Abstract: Obesity is defined as a world epidemic disease negatively affecting human health. Research has shown that excess body fat or a high BMI in the general population relates to metabolic, functional, genetic, or oncological problems. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, several studies have pointed to the fact that some types of obesity need not be based on a high BMI. One of the most discussed is normal-weight obesity. Normal-weight obesity, characterized by excessive body fat combined with average body mass index (BMI), seems to have serious health outcomes from childhood and, therefore, is a new challenge in the methodology of obesity. In a series of studies, we demonstrated concrete differences in anthropometry and body composition profile, as well as differences in aspects of physical fitness between normal-weight obese, overweight obese, and normal-weight non-obese children from preschool age till middle school. Our findings showed that normal-weight obese children were as bad, or even worse, in physical fitness level than obese peers, pointing to the necessity of developing a unified methodology for identifying normal-weight obese (hidden) children for the pediatrics system.
Keywords: obesity in children, human health, children
