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4«©011®@yjum-j@yrnal» / medical sciences
9
MEDICAL SCIENCES
UDC 616.314-084-053.4
Godovanets O.I., Kitsak T.S.
Godovanets O.I. — Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry,
Bukovinian State Medical University Kitsak TS. - PhD, Associate Professor at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bukovynian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2023-24183-9-10 PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY OF TEMPORARY TEETH CARIES IN CHILDREN DEPENDING
ON THE NATURE OF BREEDING
Abstract.
Conducted a survey of 150 children aged 3-5years with a detailed collection of history. It is established, that the use of artificial milk formula for feeding babies, leads to the increase of the prevalence and intensity of dental caries in children. Duration of artificialfeeding more than one year is a risk factor for caries of temporary teeth in children.
Keywords: children, caries, temporary teeth, feeding.
Introduction. To date, early dental caries in i children is quite common [2,3,5,6]. According to Bidenko NV in some regions of Ukraine its prevalence reaches 95 % [1]. Among the possible risk factors for i caries of temporary teeth are somatic diseases of mother and child, consumption of significant amounts of carbohydrates, poor oral hygiene, as well as the i nature of breastfeeding in the first year of life [9].
A large number of scientific studies and discussions are devoted to the problem of the impact of natural and artificial feeding on the health of children [2,4,9,10]. The work of Dr. K. Oulis and his colleagues showed significant differences in the mechanisms of action on the tissues of the dental system of breast milk and most mixtures for breastfeeding [8]. First, it was found that breast milk has virtually no effect on the acid-base balance in the oral cavity, while almost all mixtures make the environment more acidic. This is < due to the fact that 90 % of carbohydrates in breast milk are P-lactose, which is hydrolyzed in the small intestine < to glucose and galactose, ie in the oral cavity of the newborn during breastfeeding there are no cariogenic carbohydrates. In contrast, most artificial mixtures contain about 50 % carbohydrates, which contribute to dental caries.
Secondly, it turned out that the mixtures dissolve tooth enamel, while breast milk, on the contrary, < remineralizes it («supplies» hard tissues with calcium and phosphorus). It is in breast milk that the optimal < ratio of Ca:P=2:1 is contained for the baby. Thirdly, < most formulas promote the active growth of bacteria, while in breast milk this growth occurred much more slowly. Thus, the researchers concluded that breast milk, brushing teeth, does not lead to caries, if the teeth do not have another source of carbohydrates needed by < bacteria for reproduction. Most of the tested artificial mixtures lead to the development of caries [7]. i
Breast milk is a complex of biologically active substances that has a regulatory, differentiating, protective, anti-infective and anti-allergic effect on the child's body in the most important period of its
development, when the formation of organs and systems. Therefore, children who receive artificial feeding have a lower level of physical and mental development, often suffer from somatic diseases, rickets, which in turn contributes to the development of dental pathology and occlusion. Also at the heart of dental problems are poor oral hygiene and bad habits. To the last, first of all, it is necessary to take away long use of a pacifier. Children who cannot switch from a bottle to a cup drink for a long time, and especially babies who fall asleep every night with a bottle in their mouth, are at high risk of developing so-called bottle caries. Prolonged contact of the sweetened liquid from the bottle with the teeth leads to caries of all front teeth. During breastfeeding, the duration of contact of milk with the teeth is much shorter, because the baby is forced to swallow while sucking. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the condition of the hard tissues of the teeth in children depending on the nature of breastfeeding and its duration.
Materials and methods. To solve the set tasks, a survey of 150 children aged 3-5 years was conducted. Of the total number, 2 observation groups were formed: Group I - children who were breastfed (75 people), Group II - children who were breastfed (75 people). In the main groups there were subgroups on the duration of a particular type of feeding. The prevalence of caries was determined by the percentage of people with carious, filled and removed teeth among the examined children. The intensity of caries was determined by the CPI index Statistical processing was performed by the method of variation statistics.
Research results and their discussion. As a result of our research, it was found that the prevalence of caries of temporary teeth in children aged 3-5 years who were breastfed was 48 % and did not depend on its duration. In contrast, children who consumed formula mixed caries much more often (68 %). It was found that the prevalence of dental caries among children in whom artificial feeding lasted 2 years was significantly higher
10
MEDICAL SCIENCES / «<g®[L[L®@U[]UM~J0U®MaL» ®24«3i), 2023
than in those who were on artificial feeding for 1 year, namely 81,6 % and 47,4 %.
Indicators of the intensity of dental caries in the examined children are given in the table. It is noteworthy that there is a probable difference between the data of the I and II observation groups, which confirms the negative impact of artificial milk formulas on the condition of the hard tissues of temporary teeth in children.
In addition, analyzing the prevalence and intensity of dental caries in children during artificial feeding, draws attention to their dependence on the duration of use of formula. In children who were breastfed for about two years, the prevalence of the disease was 32 % higher than in children who were exposed to this factor during the first year of life. The intensity of caries was also higher by 24 % when comparing subgroups of the second observation group.
According to our research, the duration of breastfeeding did not have a significant impact on the studied indicators, which indicates the important role of natural nutrients in the first months of life, when the body adapts to new living conditions and completes the primary mineralization of temporary teeth. It is interesting to continue studying the influence of the nature of breastfeeding on the condition of the hard tissues of the teeth of permanent occlusion, which is the prospect of our further research.
Conclusions. Thus, our studies have shown the dependence of the condition of the hard tissues of the teeth of the temporary bite on the nature and duration of breastfeeding. It is established that the use of artificial milk formulas for breastfeeding increases the prevalence of dental caries in children aged 3-5 years by 30 %, the intensity of dental caries by 44 %. The duration of artificial feeding for more than one year is a risk factor for caries of temporary teeth in children, as
it significantly increases the prevalence and intensity of caries.
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