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3
УДК: 19.00.07
Muxamadova S.S. psychologist school №2 Uzbekistan, Kagan
PRESENTATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY AS A SUBJECT
Annotation: The article analyzes the understanding of the subject in foreign and domestic social psychology, and also describes the main provisions of the concept of social representations.
Key words: social psychology, subject of social psychology, social representations, concept of social representations.
Understanding the subject of modern social psychology today is the reason for heated discussions and disputes between researchers of this scientific field around the world. It should be added that in Russia, such disputes and discussions have been going on since the beginning of the 1920s. XX century., I.e. since the establishment of social psychology as a scientific discipline. This problem, in turn, indicates the need for comprehensive and in-depth studies in this direction.
It is worth noting that the problem of understanding the subject and object of social psychology is on a par with the issues of building a general theory of social psychology, creating your own methods, and ensuring the social relevance of socio-psychological research. According to most scientists, the main problem in understanding the subject of social psychology is that this scientific discipline originated at the intersection of two independent sciences - sociology and psychology. Therefore, to understand the subject of social psychology, it is necessary to understand the subjects of the formative sciences and it is possible to find a middle ground.
In our opinion, the lack of consensus in the scientific community regarding this problem is due to the fact that representatives of the basic sciences are trying to incline understanding of the subject of relatively young scientific discipline towards their science. However, based on the paradigms proposed by the domestic psychologist P.N. Shekherev, in understanding the subject of American social psychology, some coherence was achieved, while the subject of social psychology here refers to the social behavior of a person and the influence that he exerts on others in the process of interacting with them. In turn, Western European social psychology, according to P.N. Shikherev, aimed at understanding the essence of socio-psychological phenomena in a wide social and cultural context. And finally, in domestic social psychology, the scientist revealed a lack of agreement regarding its subject.
Despite the vast majority of disagreements regarding the subject of domestic social psychology, we still tried to find common ground between Russian scientists on this issue.
Today, the concept of "social representations" does not have a specific definition. This fact, according to the creator of the concept, is not its drawback, but, on the contrary, is an advantage. Nevertheless, there are many different interpretations of the concept of "social representations". Each of them defines the concept from a different angle, but most scientists nevertheless agree with the classical definition proposed by the school of S. Moskovisi.
S. Moskovisi understands by social representations a certain network of concepts, statements and explanations that are born in everyday life and in the course of interpersonal communication. In the article "From collective representations to social", Serge Moskovisi wrote the following: "Imagining a thing or concept, we do not form about them exclusively our own ideas and images. We generate and transmit something that has been gradually developed in countless places and in accordance with a wide variety of rules. It is within these boundaries that one can speak of this or that as a social representation. This concept is modern in nature, because in our society it replaces the myths, legends and everyday forms of thinking that exist in modern societies. "
In another interpretation of S. Moskovisi, social representations are understood as "a system of values, ideas and ways, actions with a dual function: firstly, to create an order that allows the individual to navigate his material and social world and to master this world; and secondly, to enable communication between community members, where it (the system) thereby provides a code for social exchange and a code for naming and unilaterally categorizing various aspects of their world, their individual history and the history of their group".
Theorists of the concept for the most part agree not only on the definition of social representations, but also on the main provisions of the concept (structure, functions, mechanisms that determine the process of formation of social representations, properties). The structure of social representations is traditionally defined as ternary. In particular, components such as information, installation and presentation field are highlighted. Information is a component that includes the total amount of knowledge about the object of presentation. The setting is considered to be the emotional attitude to the object of representation, which does not have sufficient descriptive and explanatory potential, as well as the individual's ability to express an opinion. By a presentation field is meant a hierarchy of presentation elements, including the central core and the peripheral part. The central core of social representation is the content of social representation, which is practically unchanged and is due to the traditional historical existence of a people or group. The peripheral system is more variable than the core and appears to be an indirect element between representation and reality. We add that the field of representation is formed in a group and carries the whole semantic load of social representations.
'^KOHOMHKa h соцнумм №12(67) 2019
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Sources used:
1. Andreeva G.M. Psychology of social cognition: textbook. benefits I G.M. Andreeva - M.: Aspect Press, 2004.
2. Moskovisi S. From collective representations to social / S. Moskovisi // Vopr. sociology. - M., 1992.
3. Pocebut G. Social Psychology / JL G. Pocebut, I. A. Meijis. - SPb. : Peter, 2010
