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52Новости систематики высших растений Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium
2022
53: 109-124
ISSN 0568-5443 (print) ISSN 2687-1564 (online)
Preliminary checklist of the genus Taraxacum (Asteraceae) in North-West European Russia, with five species new for Russia (Taraxacum Notulae Rossiae Boreali Europeae I)
Предварительный чек-лист рода Taraxacum (Asteraceae) северо-запада европейской части России с указанием 5 новых для России видов (Taraxacum Notulae Rossiae Boreali Europeae I)
P. G. Efimov1*, B. Travnfcek2
1 Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Herbarium of Higher Plants
Professora Popova Str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia [email protected]
2 Palacky University in Olomouc
Faculty of Science, Department of Botany Slechtitelu, 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic [email protected] *Corresponding author
https://doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2022.53.109
П. Г. Ефимов1*, Б. Травничек2
1 Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАН Гербарий высших растений
ул. Профессора Попова, 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197022, Россия [email protected]
2 Университет Палацкого
Природоведческий факультет, кафедра ботаники Шлехтителу, 27, Оломоуц, 07-78371, Чехия [email protected] *Автор для переписки
Abstract. According to currently available data, 159 species of genus Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. were reported for North-West Russia (i. e. within the city of Saint-Petersburg, Leningrad Region, Pskov Region, and Novgorod Region), but among them the specimens of only 126 species were identified with reliability. Five Taraxacum species are reported in this article as new for North-West Russia, and for Russia as a whole: T. acervatulum Rail., T. hepaticum Rail., T. macranthoides G. E. Haglund, T. ser-tatum Kirschner, H. 0llg. et Stepanek, T. subxanthostigma M. P. Christ. ex H. 0llg. All of them belong to the section Taraxacum. Newly recorded species are illustrated and the list of their herbarium specimens is provided. A brief summary of the taraxaco-logical studies undertaken earlier in North-West Russia is presented as well.
Keywords: Taraxacum, apomictic vascular plants, biodiversity, flora of Russia, floristic novelties, Leningrad Region, Pskov Region, Novgorod Region.
Аннотация. На настоящий момент для северо-запада европейской части России (понимаемого в границах Санкт-Петербурга, Ленинградской, Псковской и Новгородской областей) приводятся 159 видов рода Taraxacum F. H. Wigg., но только 126 из них подтверждены достоверными определениями специалистов. Пять видов в настоящей статье указаны для Северо-Запада впервые (они являются новыми и для России в целом): T. acervatulum Rail., T. hepaticum Rail., T. macranthoides G. E. Haglund, T. sertatum Kirschner, H. 0llg. et Stepanek, T. subxanthostigma M. P. Christ. ex H. 0llg. Все эти виды относятся к секции Taraxacum. Для всех впервые обнаруженных видов приводятся изображения и перечни известных гербарных сборов. Также в статье дан краткий обзор истории изучения рода Taraxacum на северо-западе европейской части России.
Ключевые слова: Taraxacum, апомиктические виды сосудистых растений, биологическое разнообразие, флора России, флористические находки, Ленинградская область, Псковская область, Новгородская область.
Introduction
The genus Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. represents a part of vascular plant flora very poorly studied within Russia, with its alpha-taxonomic diversity remaining largely unknown. Taraxacum diversity is often neglected in local floristic studies due to the paucity of experts. The determination of Taraxacum species is also complicated because of the lack of reliable keys for their
Поступила в редакцию | Submitted: 17.10.2022
identification. Therefore, determinations by experts, as well as comparison with authentic and reliably determined collections becomes the only way for plant naming in this group. Nowadays, on the one hand, this process is facilitated by web-based presentation of some important collections, but on the other, it is obstructed by the decrease in the number of experts who can identify material correctly, and by high proportion
Принята к публикации | Accepted: 19.12.2022
of incorrect data in important databases and publications (Kirschner et al., 2016).
To the date, pinpointed studies of Taraxacum in European Russia were almost completely lacking, resulting in far from complete treatments of this group (Tzvelev, 1989, 2000). Outside European Russia, the situation may be different, although this group suffers from insufficient amount of studies everywhere across the country; the most important contribution in last decades were in-depth studies of some Asiatic sections by Czech authors and their collaborators, who already provided a revision of section Leucantha Soest (Kirschner et al., 2006), a "nomenclator" of section Arctica Dahlst. (Kirschner et al., 2022) and currently deal with section Borealia Hand.-Mazz. (in prep.). However, those revisions only marginally cover the Taraxacum diversity of European Russia, and do not touch the most diverse type section of genus, which is a main subject of the current contribution.
We hope, that in the forecoming years the situation in North-West European Russia will step-by-step change, and this article will contribute into this process.
Material and methods
This article covers Taraxacum diversity of the NorthWest European Russia (further abbreviated as NWR).
This territory is an area consisting of four administrative regions of the Russian Federation (Fig. 1): the Leningrad Region, the city of Saint-Petersburg, the Pskov Region, and the Novgorod Region. It occupies an area approximately 195 000 km2, and was originally covered with boreal and hemiboreal primary vegetation types. North part of the Leningrad Region belongs to Fenno-scandian phytogeographical region (Sennikov, 2005).
The overview of previous taraxacological studies was based on literature sources and earlier herbarium collections deposited in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute, Saint-Petersburg (LE). In connection with the launch of our own taxonomic studies of the group, since 2017 we started accumulation of new herbarium gatherings, which are currently kept in the Komarov Botanical Institute in a separate collection within the European section of the Herbarium. By the beginning of 2022, this collection comprised ca. 2500 specimens. Pre-existing Taraxacum collections from NWR are estimated at only ca. 1200 herbarium sheets, and even they are mostly of limited use for taxonomical study due to either substantial damage by herbarium pests (pest attack took place in the early 2000s), or to their low quality (unrepresentative specimens, late season gatherings, very low quality of drying, no flowers, etc.).
The determinations were based after comparisons with the original material and protologues. Determination traditions were taken into account according to the important revisions of Taraxacum for Finland, Czech Republic and Germany (Kaantonen, 1998; Reinikka, 1998; Uhlemann, 2003; Travnicek et al., 2010), some herbarium collections from other institutions were studied via GBIF portal (GBIF, 2022) and via the website of Stockholm Natural History Museum (Naturhistoriska... , 2022). Digital images of some authentic specimens were acquired from the Herbarium of the University of Helsinki. Annoyingly, personal visit of the first author of this article to study herbarium collections housed in the Helsinki and Stockholm in the last years was hampered by various obstacles, but it is urgently needed.
A brief outline of the current taraxacological knowledge in North-West Russia
The knowledge about the Taraxacum diversity of NWR originates from the herbarium determined by experts from Finland (mainly for the territories which belonged to Finland or Estonia before 1940), and by Russian botanists who dealt with this genus. The herbarium specimens determined by the specialists from Finland were collected within the modern Pechora District of the Pskov Region
Fig. 1. Administrative map of North-West European Russia.
(summarized by Marklund, 1938) and within the Karelian Isthmus of the Leningrad Region (summarized by Sennikov, 2007). However the lists of the taxa presented by Marklund and Sennikov are incomplete because of insufficient amount of studies, only marginally touching NWR, rapid changes in Taraxacum biodiversity (Rasanen, 2013), and because of possible redetermi-nations of old herbarium materials.
As for the studies by Russian botanists who dealt with Taraxacum, the main problem is the correctness of determinations. There are only few Russian students who focused on this group. First of all one should mention an outstanding Russian taxonomist Sergei Vasilie-vich Juzepczuk (1893-1959; also Yuzepchuk), who interested in the systematics of Taraxacum and was taught by Harald Lindberg during the visit to Helsinki in 19161917, and later likely consulted with him as well, as evidenced from some herbarium labels. There are about 250 Taraxacum specimens in Juzepczuk's herbarium collection at LE, partly determined (either by him, or by Lindberg) using 26 binomials, 4 of which were never published (T. actinolobum Juz. ined., T. curtisquameum Juz. ined., T. ingricum Juz. ined., T. meinshausenii Juz. ined.). However, later Juzepczuk did not paid much attention to the studies of this genus, because he concentrated on the taxonomy of another complicated genus, Al-chemilla L.
Nikolai Nikolaievich Tzvelev (1925-2015; also Tsvelev or Cvelev) was yet the only Russian botanist who published the revisions of the type section of genus Taraxacum. His contribution was done in connection with the revisions of this group for the "Flora of Eastern Europe" (Tzvelev, 1989) and his "Manual of the vascular plants of North-West Russia" (Tzvelev, 2000). Tzvelev experienced a joint excursion with European specialists held in Finland during Taraxacum meeting in 1998, and he left a collection of herbarium specimens from NWR (ca. 700 herbarium sheets are extant), but in general he had not enough time for the detailed studies of this particular genus. Even himself, he characterized this attempt only as a preliminary one. From his revisions, we may see that many widely recognized taxa were formally lumped by him under one name, and the correctness of his herbarium determinations often may be questioned as well. It seems that only few species from type section were correctly determined by him, such as T. pectinatiforme H. Lindb., T. tenebricans (Dahlst.) Raunk., T. sublaeticolor Dahlst. and maybe a few others. Therefore, the main Tzvelev's achievement in respect to Taraxacum was his being first who directly addressed to this group in European Russia. Notably, the list of species in his "Manual... " (Tzvelev, 2000), being largely based on incorrect understanding
of individual species, is quite a logical selection of taxa which are most likely to occur in this area based on the existing literature.
The most recent contribution in Taraxacum from NWR was presented by contemporary researcher, Alexander Sennikov (born 1972). Based on thorough study of herbarium collections from the Herbarium of the University of Helsinki, though without critical revision of individual herbarium specimens, he prepared the most complete and detailed list of the taxa ever reported from the Russian part of East Fennoscandia, within the Leningrad Region, Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk Region (Sennikov, 2007) and supplemented it by the citations of corresponding herbarium specimens.
It can be concluded that due to the efforts of earlier contributors, everything that can be done without assembling new herbarium collections and their critical study has been already summarized in the literature, demonstrating the need for the further step in the study of this group. As this step, we understand the accumulation of new collections on Taraxacum from NWR and their critical analysis based on the experience that is gained first of all by Nordic authors and other students who determine taxa in so-called "nordic spirit" (Lunde-vall, 0llgaard, 1999).
A list of Taraxacum species reported from NorthWest Russia
The complete list of the Taraxacum species which were reported from NWR is presented in the Table. As stated above, this list is only preliminary. Only the taxa determined by Finnish taraxacologists are regarded as reliably reported for NWR, as well as three taxa confirmed by the determinations of J. Kirschner and J. Stepanek (T. gentile G. E. Haglund ex Rail., T. hollandicum Soest, T. pulchrifolium Markl.). The names which were introduced for the flora of NWR by Juzepczuk and especially by Tzvelev only, need confirmation in the future. Sup-posingly, some of them are already confirmed by new gatherings of 2017-2022.
Sectional attribution and authors of plant names are given according to Lundevall and 0llgaard (1999), whenever possible. Taraxacum from NWR belong to nine sections: Borea Sahlin ex A. J. Richards, Boreigena G. E. Ha-glund, Ceratoidea Kirschner et Stepanek, Erythrosperma (H. Lindb.) Dahlst., Hamata H. 0llg., Leucantha, Mac-rodonta M. P. Christ., Palustria (H. Lindb.) Dahlst. and Taraxacum, but the presence of sections Ceratoidea, Leu-cantha and Macrodonta (each group represented by one species only) is unconfirmed. Section Palustria is also represented by a single species, T. hollandicum Soest, which may be unintentionally introduced.
Table. Summary of the existing data on the distribution of Taraxacum species in the administrative regions of NorthWest Russia. Abbreviations of sectional names: C — Ceratoidea, Bo — Borea, Bg — Boreigena, E — Erythrosperma, H — Hamata, L — Leucantha, M — Macrodonta, P — Palustria, T — Taraxacum. Abbreviations of administrative regions: Len — Leningrad Region, SPb — Saint Petersburg, Psk — Pskov Region, Nov — Novgorod Region.
Species Section Confirmed determinations by Finnish botanists. Data for Psk originate from Marklund (1938), for Len — from Sennikov (2007) Tzvelev, 2000 (in this publication, SPb is formally treated within Len) Juzep-czuk's herbarium specimens (LE) Other data
1 2 3 4 5 6
T. acervatulum Rail. T Reported for the first time in the current revision from Len, SPb and Psk
T. acutangulum Markl. T Psk In synonymy of T. aequilobum
T. aequilobum Dahlst. T — Len, Psk, Nov
T. alatum H. Lindb. T Len Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. altissimum H. Lindb. T Len In synonymy of T. kjellmanii
T. amplum Markl. T Len In synonymy of T. gibbiferum
T. ancistrolobum Dahlst. T Len —
T. angustisectum H. Lindb. E Len Psk Lectotypified by a specimen from Len
T. angustisquameum Dahlst. ex H. Lindb. T Len Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. apicatum Brenner (T. jaer-vikylense H. Lindb.) Bo Len, Psk Len, Psk
T. assurgens Markl. T Len Len, Psk
T. atrimarginatum H. Lindb. Bo? Len — Sectional attribution in Lundevall and 0llgaard (1999) is uncertain
T. atroviolaceum H. Lindb. ined. ? Len Undescribed species absent from Lundevall and 0llgaard (1999), but accepted by Tzvelev (2000)
T. aurosulum H. Lindb. T — Len
T. biformatum H. Lindb. (T. albicollum Dahlst.) Bo Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov
T. biforme Dahlst. T Len, SPb —
T. borgvallii Dahlst. ex G. E. Haglund T Len, Psk In synonymy of T. mimulum
T. cacuminatum G. E. Haglund T — Len
T. caespitans Dahlst. Bo Len, Psk In synonymy of T. distantilobum
T. caloschistum Dahlst. T Len In synonymy of T. pectinatiforme
T. canaliculatum H. Lindb. Bo Len, SPb, Psk Len, Psk, Nov
T. canoviride H. Lindb. ex Puol. T Len Len, Psk, Nov
T. caudatulum Markl. T Len In synonymy of T. gibbiferum SPb
T. commixtum G. E. Haglund E — Len
Continuation of the Table
1 2 3 4 5 6
T. concolor H. Lindb. Bo Psk In synonymy of T. ostenfeldii
T. copidophyllum Dahlst. T Len —
T. cordatum Palmgr. T Len Len, Psk
T. crassipes H. Lindb. Bg Len Len The only species of sect. Boreigena recorded in NWR so far
T. crebridens H. Lindb. T Psk In synonymy of T. pectinatiforme In earlier revision, Tzvelev (1989) accepted T. crebridens as a separate species and reported it for NWR in general
T. crispifolium H. Lindb. T Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov
T. croceiflorum Dahlst. T Len Len, Psk
T. curvilobatum Sahlin (T. curvilobum Markl.) T — Len, Psk, Nov
T. cyanolepis Dahlst. T Len, Psk —
T. dilatatum H. Lindb. T Len Len
T. dissimile Dahlst. E Psk Psk
T. distantilobum H. Lindb. Bo Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov
T. distinctum H. Lindb. T — Len
T. ekmanii Dahlst. T Len Len, Psk, Nov
T. estonicum Markl. Bo Psk In synonymy of T. mucronatum
T. euoplocarpum Markl. T Len Len, Psk
T. exacutum Markl. (T. acuminatum Markl.) T — Len, Psk
T. expallidiforme Dahlst. T Len, Psk In synonymy of T. alatum
T. expansum Florstr. T Len —
T. explicatum G. E. Haglund (T. angustissimum H. Lindb.) T Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov
T. falcatum Brenner E Len, SPb Len, Psk, Nov
T. fasciatum Dahlst. T Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov
T. florstroemii Markl. T Len In synonymy of T. distantilobum
T. fulvum Raunk. E Len, SPb Len, Psk
T. geminatum G. E. Haglund (T. trigonophorum Markl.) T — Len, Psk
T. gentile G. E. Haglund ex Rail. T Reported by Travnicek et al. (2010) for NWR in general, after the specimen from Len with the determination confirmed by J. Kirschner
T. gibbiferum (Brenner) Brenner (T. reflexilobum H. Lindb.) T Len, SPb, Psk Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. guttulatum H. Lindb. ex Puol. T Len Len, Psk, Nov
T. haareanum Tzvelev T? Len Absent from Lundevall and 0llgaard (1999), described from Len; supposed as a member of sect. Taraxacum or a hybrid between sections Taraxacum and Palustria (Tzvelev, 1998)
Continuation of the Table
1 2 3 4 5 6
T. haematicum G. E. Haglund ex H. 0llg. et Wittzell T Psk Len, Psk, Nov
T. haematopus H. Lindb. T Psk Len, Psk
T. hamatiforme Dahlst. H Len — SPb
T. hamatilobum Dahlst. T — Len, Psk
T. hamatum Raunk. H — Len, Psk, Nov
T. hemicyclum G. E. Haglund T Len —
T. hepaticum Rail. T Reported for the first time in the current revision from Len, SPb and Psk
T. hollandicum Soest P Len Absent from Lundevall and 0llgaard (1999), but reported by Travnicek et al., (2010) and Kirschner and Stepanek (1998) for Len after determinations confirmed by Kirschner. Locality in Len is isolated from the main species range, plants considered as possibly introduced (Tzvelev, 1989, 2000)
T. homoschistum H. 0llg. T Len —
T. huelphersianum Dahlst. ex G. E. Haglund T Len —
T. humile Brenner (T. remo-tijugum H. Lindb.) T Len In synonymy of T. distantilobum SPb
T. ingens Palmgr. T Len In synonymy of T. alatum
T. insigne Ekman ex Wiinst. et M. P. Christ. T — Len, Psk, Nov
T. isophyllum G. E. Haglund E — Len, Psk
T. isthmicola H. Lindb. E Len, SPb, Psk Len, Psk Lectotypified by a specimen from Len
T. karelicum H. Lindb. et Markl. Bo Len Len
T. kjellmanii Dahlst. T Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov
T. kok-saghyz Rodin C Len Treated as alien by Tzvelev (1989, 2000). Sectional attribution according to Kirschner et al. (2015)
T. laceratum (Brenner) Brenner (T. parvuliceps H. Lindb.) T Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. laciniosifrons Wiinst. ex M. P. Christ. et Wiinst. T Len —
T. laciniosum Dahlst. T Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov
T. laeticolor Dahlst. T Len, SPb Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. laticordatum Markl. T — Len, Psk, Nov
T. latisectum H. Lindb. T Len, SPb, Psk Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. latissimum Palmgr. T Len Len, Psk
T. leptophyllum H. Lindb. ex Saltin T Len —
T. limbatum Dahlst. (T. obscu-rans (Dahlst.) G. E. Haglund) E — Len, Psk
T. linguicuspis H. Lindb. T — Len, Psk, Nov SPb
Continuation of the Table
1 2 3 4 5 6
T. lingulatum Markl. T Len In synonymy of T. ekmanii SPb
T. litorale Raunk. Bo Psk Len, Psk
T. livonicum Markl. Bo Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov Lectotypified by a specimen from Psk
T. longisquameum H. Lindb. T Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. lucescens Dahlst. T Len —
T. macranthoides G. E. Haglund T — — Reported for the first time in the current revision from Len, SPb
T. maculatum Jord. T — Len, Psk
T. marginatum (Dahlst.) Raunk. E Len Len, Psk
T. marklundii Palmgr. H — Len, Psk, Nov
T. maurostigma Markl. Bo? Psk Len, Psk Lectotypified by a specimen from Psk. Sectional attribution in Lunde-vall and 0llgaard (1999) is uncertain
T. microcranum Markl. ? Psk Len, Psk Lectotypified by a specimen from Psk. Sectional attribution in Lundevall and 0llgaard (1999) is considered unclear
T. mimulum Dahlst. ex H. Lindb. T Len Len, Psk
T. mucronatum H. Lindb. Bo Len Len, Psk, Nov
T. mutabile Saarsoo (T. hasti-gerum Markl. ex Bäck) T Len — T. hastigerum is lectotypified by a specimen from Len
T. obliquilobum Dahlst. T Len, SPb Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. obtusulum H. Lindb. T Len Len, Psk
T. oistophorum Markl. T Psk — Lectotypified by a specimen from Psk
T. olitorium G. E. Haglund T Len —
T. omissum G. E. Haglund T In synonymy of T. latissimum In earlier revision, Tzvelev (1989) accepted T. omissum as a separate species and reported it for NWR in general
T. ostenfeldii Raunk. (T. du-plidens H. Lindb.) Bo Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. pachylobum Dahlst. T Psk In synonymy of T. crispifolium
T. pallescens Dahlst. T Len —
T. pallidulum H. Lindb. Bo — Len, Psk
T. pannucium Dahlst. T Len
T. pannulatum Dahlst. T — Len, Psk
T. paucijugum Markl. T Psk Len, Psk Lectotypified by a specimen from Psk
T. pectinatiforme H. Lindb. T Len, SPb Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. penicilliforme H. Lindb. Bo Len Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. picatidens Markl. T Len, Psk In synonymy of T. distantilobum
T. piceatum Dahlst. T — Len, Psk
T. planum Raunk. T Len Len, Psk, Nov
T. polyodon Dahlst. T Len In synonymy of T. dahlstedtii
Continuation of the Table
1 2 3 4 5 6
T. praecox Dahlst. ex Puol. Bo Len, Psk In synonymy of T. dahlstedtii
T. praeradians Dahlst. T Len In synonymy of T. alatum
T. privum Dahlst. T Len, Psk —
T.proximum (Dahlst.) Raunk. E Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov
T. pseudofulvum H. Lindb. ex Puol. E Len, Psk Len, Psk Sennikov (2007) for unknown reason reported T. pseudofulvum in synonymy of T. ungulatum. Currently (Lundevall, 0llgaard, 1999) T. ungulatum is placed in another section, in synonymy of T. triangulare
T. pulcherrimum H. Lindb. T Len —
T. pulchrifolium Markl. T Len, Psk The determination of a specimen from Len was confirmed by Kirschner
T. purpureum Raunk. T Len —
T. pycnolobum Dahlst. T Len, Psk Len, Psk
T. recurvum Dahlst. (T. intri-catum H. Lindb.) T Len, SPb, Psk Len, Psk, Nov
T. reinthalii Markl. T — Len, Psk, Nov
T. remotilobum Dahlst. Bo Psk —
T. retroflexum H. Lindb. T Len In synonymy of T. dahlstedtii
T. revalense H. Lindb. Bo Len —
T. rhodopodum Dahlst. ex M. P. Christ. et Wiinst. T Psk —
T. rotundatum Markl. T Psk In synonymy of T. canoviride Lectotypified by a specimen from Psk
T. scalare H. 0llg. et J. Räsänen Bo Len —
T. scanicum Dahlst. E — Len, Psk
T. semiglobosum H. Lindb. T Len, SPb Len, Psk, Nov
T. sertatum Kirschner, H. 0llg. et Stepánek T — — Reported for the first time in the current revision from Len and Nov
T. sinicum Kitag. L Len Treated as alien by Tzvelev (1989, 2000). Sectional attribution according to Kirschner et al. (2006)
T. steenhoffianum Dahlst. Bo? Len, Psk In synonymy of T. pallidulum Sectional attribution in Lundevall and 0llgaard (1999) is uncertain
T. stellare Markl. E Psk Psk Lectotypified by a specimen from Psk
T. stenoglossum Brenner (T. dahlstedtii H. Lindb.) T Len, SPb, Psk Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. stenoschistum Dahlst. T Len —
T. subcanescens Markl. ex Puol. T Len —
T. subglaucescens Markl. T Psk Len, Psk Lectotypified by a specimen from Psk
T. subhuelphersianum M. P. Christ. T Len —
T. sublaciniosum Dahlst. et H. Lindb. T — Len, Psk
Continuation of the Table
1 2 3 4 5 6
T. sublaeticolor Dahlst. T Len, Psk Len, Psk, Nov SPb
T. submaculosum Markl. T Len In synonymy of T. dahlstedtii
T. subpenicilliforme H. Lindb. ex Dahlst. Bo Len Len, Psk, Nov
T. subxanthostigma M. P. Christ. ex H. 0llg. T — — Reported for the first time in the current revision from Len
T. sundbergii Dahlst. T Len —
T. tenebricans (Dahlst.) Raunk. M? Len, SPb, Psk Len, Psk, Nov SPb Sectional attribution in Lundevall and 0llgaard (1999) is uncertain
T. tenellisquameum Markl. E — Len, Psk
T. tenuilobum (Dahlst.) Dahlst. E — Len, Psk
T. tinctum Markl. T — Len, Psk
T. triangulare H. Lindb. (T. ungulatum (Brenner) Brenner) Bo Len, Psk Len, Psk
T. trilobatum Palmgr. T Len —
T. tumentilobum Markl. ex Puol. T Len, Psk Len, Psk SPb
T. valens Markl. T Len Len, Psk
T. vastisectum Markl. ex Puol. T — Len, Psk
T. verecundum G. E. Haglund (T. gracilentum H. Lindb.) T Len, Psk In synonymy of T. distantilobum
T. vereinense Soest T Len Absent from Lundevall and 0ll-gaard (1999), never reported from Fennoscandia, considered a synonym of Central European T. perfis-sum Soest (e. g. GBIF, 2022)
T. xanthostigma H. Lindb. T Len Len, Psk
Account of the newly recorded species
Taraxacum acervatulum Rail. — Fig. 2.
Saint-Petersburg. Frunzenskiy District: near the intersection of Sofiyskaya and Slavy Prospect streets, a courtyard, 59°52' N, 30°25' E, 22 V 2018, P. G. Efimov (LE 01086865); near the old houses near the intersection of Yuzhnoye Shosse and Sofiyskaya street, near the Internatsionalistov Park, fertile ground near the houses under the trees (maybe the former garden), 59°52' N, 30°25' E, 20 IV 2021, idem, № 2021/012 (LE 01149145); ibidem, 22 IV 2021, idem, № 2021/019 (LE 01149153); ibidem, 22 IV 2021, idem, № 2021/020 (LE 01149154).
Leningrad Region. Lomonosov District: along Volkhons-koye Shosse highway near the bridge across Ligovskiy Channel, ruderal place near the highway, 59°47' N, 30°11' E, 25 V 2021, P. G. Efimov, № 2021/427 (LE 01149585).
Pskov Region. Opochka District: ca. 4 km S from the border with Pushkinskiye Gory District, near the Kiyevs-koye highway, roadside of the rural road throw the felled pine-tree forest, dry sandy ground, 56°51' N, 28°41' E, 16 V 2021, P. G. Efimov, № 2021/245 (LE 01149391); Palkino District: Kharlapkovo village, on the edge of the ditch along the road (a disturbed place on the opposite side of the
ditch), 57°35' N, 28°04' E, 10 V 2021, idem, № 2021/127 (LE 01149265); Pechory District: Staryi Izborsk, inside the medieval fortress, 57°42' N, 27°52' E, 9 V 2021, idem, № 2021/093 (LE 01149230); Plyussa District: along Kiyevskoye Highway ca. 2 km SW from Zapol'ye, disturbed ground very rich with clay along the renewed ditch along the highway, 58°21' N, 29°39' E, 8 V 2021, idem, № 2021/082 (LE 01149218); Pskov District: between Vybuty and Ba-bayevo villages, near the old Ilya Prorok Church, limestone outcrops, plants collected mostly on the coastal slope of the Velikaya River on the soil rich with lime, 57°43' N, 28°17' E, 10 V 2021, idem, № 2021/113 (LE 01149250); Sebezh District: Kuz'mino village, slope to the lake Ost-rovno, disturbed ground on the slope, 56°13' N, 28°31' E, rather open place without bushes and trees, 15 V 2021, idem, № 2021/198 (LE 01149342); ibidem, rather shady place under the bushes and trees, 15 V 2021, idem, № 2021/197 (plant 1) (LE 01149340); ibidem, 15 V 2021, idem, № 2021/197 (plant 2) (LE 01149341).
Taraxacum acervatulum seems to be widely distributed in NWR, at least in Saint-Petersburg and in Pskov Region. However, it is notable that it is absent from northern and eastern areas, such as the Novgorod
Fig. 2. Representative specimen of Taraxacum acervatulum (LE 01149153; http://rr.herbariumle.ru/01149153). Новости систематики высших растений | Том 53 | 2022
LE 01149153
Region and the Karelian Isthmus of the Leningrad Region. Although the collections across NWR are far from being representative, existing trend may illustrate true pattern in its distribution, which also corresponds to the data from literature: it is considered rare and probably introduced in Finland, but common and widely distributed in Central Europe (Travnicek et al., 2010).
Taraxacum hepaticum Rail. — Fig. 3.
Saint-Petersburg. Frunzenskiy District: along Bu-kharestskaya street, near the house no. 114, more or less abandoned lawn, 59°51' N, 30°24' E, 13 V 2021, P. G. Efimov, № 2021/137 (LE 01149277).
Leningrad Region. Gatchina District: Vyritsa, along Vinnitskiy Prospect street, near the house no. 42, a lawn, 59°24' N, 30°18' E, 10 VI 2017, P. G. Efimov, K. N. Efimova, № 3-1 (LE 01086843); ibidem, 10 VI 2017, iidem, № 3-2 (LE 01086847); Vyritsa, near the intersection of Podol'skaya street and Siverskoye highway, roadside, 59°24' N, 30°18' E, 1 VI 2017, iidem, № 5 (LE 01086842); ibidem, along Vin-nitskiy Prospect street, near the house no. 38, a lawn, 59°24' N, 30°18' E, 25 V 2020, P. G. Efimov, № 2020/049 (LE 01086853); ibidem, near the intersection of Ushakovs-kiy Prospect street and Komarova street, roadside, 59°24' N, 30°18' E, 26 V 2020, idem, № 2020/061 (LE 01086854); ibidem, 26 V 2020, idem, № 2020/056 (LE 01086860); Vy-ritsa, near the intersection between Bratslavskiy Prospect and Komarova Street, meadow, 59°24' N, 30°18' E, 23 V 2020, idem, № 2020/030 (LE 01086861); W edge of Vyrit-sa, near the cemetery, along Siverskoye Highway, roadside, 59°24' N, 30°17' E, 23 V 2017, P. G. Efimov, K. N. Efimova (LE 01086856); Slantsy District: Bol'shiye Polya village opposite from the Slantsy city (left bank of Pljussa river), Zele-naya Roshcha street, weedy in Yuri Kalugin's private garden, 59°05' N, 28°04' E, 28 V 2021, P. G. Efimov, № 2021/480 (LE 01149643); Volosovo District at its boundary with Gatchina District, ca. 1 km SW of Dylitsy village, disturbed ground on an electric transmission line in the forest, 59°28' N, 29°44' E, 26 V 2017, P. G. Efimov, K. N. Efimova, № 3 (LE 01086846).
Pskov Region. Opochka District: Barabany village, roadside of the Kiyevskoye Highway, 56°47' N, 28°41' E, 16 V 2021, P. G. Efimov, № 2021/239 (LE 01149385); Pskov District: near Pskov city, Kresty, along Kiyevskoye Highway near "Pyatyorochka" shop, lawn near the highway, in the tall grass, 57°48' N, 28°25' E, 14 V 2021, idem, № 2021/161 (LE 01149302); Sebezh District: Kuz'mino village, under the bushes near the shore of the lake Ostrovno, 56°13' N, 28°31' E, 15 V 2021, idem, № 2021/193 (LE 01149336).
According to our data, Taraxacum hepaticum is a common species in NWR.
Taraxacum macranthoides G. E. Haglund. — Fig. 4.
Saint-Petersburg. Petrogradskiy District: Botanical Garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute (Professora Popova street 2), weedy in the crevice near the building, 59°58' N, 30°19' E, 27 IV 2021, P. G. Efimov, № 2021/035 (LE 01149169).
Leningrad Region. Gatchina District: Vyritsa, central part of the village close to the main railway station, ruderal place, 59°25'N, 30°21'E, 24 V 2020, P. G. Efimov, № 2020/034 (LE 01149956); ibidem, 27 V 2020, idem, № 2020/067 (LE 01149957); Luga District: ca. 6 km S of Luga town, near the highway crossing, roadside, 58°38' N, 29°51' E, 8 VI 2020, P. G. Efimov, G. Yu. Konechnaya, № 2020/231 (LE 01086993); Vsevolozhsk District: Gruzino, "Zemlede-lets" settlement, roadside in the village, 60° 19' N, 30°26' E, 29 V 2016, P. G. Efimov (LE 01086964).
This is possibly a rather common species in NWR.
Taraxacum sertatum Kirschner, H. 0llg. et Ste-panek. — Fig. 5.
Leningrad Region. Gatchina District: Vyritsa, private garden near the intersection of Podol'skaya and Bratslavs-kiy Prospect streets, a lawn, 59°24' N, 30°18' E, 7 VI 2017, P. G. Efimov, K. N. Efimova, № 2 (LE 01107825); ibidem, near the intersection between Ostrovskogo street and Podol'skaya street, meadow on the roadside, 59°24' N, 30°18' E, 27 V 2020, P. G. Efimov, № 2020/069 (1) (LE 01086821); ibidem, 27 V 2020, idem, № 2020/069 (2) (LE 01086827).
Novgorod Region. Okulovka District: Pervomayskiy village, near the private botanical garden of Vladislav V. Kuropat-kin, meadow in the village, 58°11' N, 33°34' E, 29 V 2021, P. G. Efimov, V. V. Kuropatkin, № 2021/530 (LE 01149693).
Taraxacum sertatum is not common in NWR, but the existing specimens show a perfect match with the original material.
Taraxacum subxanthostigma M. P. Christ. ex H. 0llg. — Fig. 6.
Leningrad Region. Gatchina District: Vyritsa, along Podol'skaya street, near house no. 24, a lawn, 59°24' N, 30°18' E, 1 VI 2017, P. G. Efimov, K. N. Efimova, № 3 (LE 01086820).
Conclusions
To date, 159 species of the genus Taraxacum were reported from North-West European Russia, but only 126 of them were confirmed by reliable determinations. 108 species were reliably reported from the Leningrad Region and only 54 — from the Pskov Region. Taraxacum biodiversity of the city of Saint-Petersburg and the Novgorod Region is least explored, accounting for 16 and 1 species, respectively. The Taraxacum flora of the whole North-West European Russia remains unsatisfactorily studied.
Acknowledgements
The study of P. G. Efimov was financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, grant agreement № 20-04-0056107512-2021-1056 of 28.09.2021 (fieldwork, herbarium preparation and data analysis). Alexander Sennikov and Mikko Piirainen are thanked for providing digital
Fig. 3. Representative specimen of Taraxacum hepaticum (LE 01149277; http://rr.herbariumle.ru/01149277).
Fig. 4. Representative specimen of Taraxacum macranthoides (LE 01086964; http://rr.herbariumle.ru/01086964).
LE 01086964
LE 01149693 Q
Fig. 5. Representative specimen of Taraxacum sertatum (LE 01149693; http://rr.herbariumle.ru/01149693) Новости систематики высших растений | Том 53 | 2022
LE 01149693
Fig. 6. Representative specimen of Taraxacum subxanthostigma (LE 01086820; http://rr.herbariumle.ru/01086820).
LE 01086820
images of some herbarium specimens kept in the Herbarium of the University of Helsinki. Thanks are also due to Juhani Rasanen for a field course in Finland in the year 2019, and to Jan Kirschner for the inspiration of the study.
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