CC BY
6—— East European Scientific Journal #5(69), 2021 37
Ismailova Esmira Lankaran State University Azerbayjan
PRAISE OF HUMAN FEELINGS IN M. SHAHRIYAR'S POEM "SAHANDIYA"
DOI: 10.31618/ESSA.2782-1994.2021.3.69.60 Abstract. There is nothing that can affect the spirit and national consciousness of the people as an artistic word. Glorification, propagation and transmission of human feelings from generation to generation is the highest task of the art of speech and literature. In this sense, there is a greater task and responsibility before genius masters of a word. In keeping the people alive, instilling human feelings, and glorifying the highest human feelings such as patriotism, heroism, and bravery, the poets held a leading position in all periods of society. The works of the poet Mohammad Hussein Shahriyar (1906-1988), the most famous figure of both South and North Azerbaijani literature, and the pearls of art he created, especially the poem "Sahandiya" written in a modern style, are of great interest to many readers today. The main purpose of the article is to acquaint the modern reader with the valuable heritage of the poet, promote this heritage by demonstrating the artistic features and importance of the poem "Sahandiya", which is considered one of the masterpieces among the poet's works written in the native language.
Although the poet does not speak in an open context in the poem, the city of M.A. Sabir, remembering Shamakha and Shirvan, actually reminds of the problem of divided Azerbaijan.
The last parts of the poem are dedicated to the problem of separation, one of the most painful issues of a divided Azerbaijan. The master described the enthusiasm of the poets of North Azerbaijan for his voice as the support of the mountains, the clear dawn of the waters of the Araz, holding the lamp in the darkness, "the sturgeon of that foal." Due to these features - the high appreciation of national and spiritual interests, the poem "Sahandiya" remains relevant at all times.
Keywords: Shahriyar, Sahandiya, Patriotism, Human feelings, Magnificent.
Seyid Mahammadhuseyn Shahriyar, one of the most famous and influential poets of the twentieth century in Azerbaijani literature, wrote the poem "Greetings, Heydar Baba" in his native language in the second half of the century. Writing the poem in a fragile and moving language the author released his compatriots from fear of Persian chauvinism, awakened their memories of the homeland, shed light on the past.
Inspired by the success of "Greetings, Heydar Baba", M. Shahriyar wrote his second large-scale work in his native language - a poem called "My Sahand" or "Sahandiya". With this poem, written in the style of modern poetry, the poet once again demonstrated his ability of high poetry. If in his first poem Shahriyar took only Heydar Baba as an object of appeal, in "Sahandiya" appealing to both the mount Sahand and the poet Sahand, he replaced his feelings of concern and thought with words, and in the background of this appeal he expressed his poet-citizen position.
The poem "Sahandiya" is a new and original work in Azerbaijani literature in terms of form and content. It is true that literary critics consider the poem "Greetings, Heydar Baba" a masterpiece of Shahriyar's creativity due to its fragile memories, national-moral values, national self-awareness, and popularity. But in our opinion, "Sahandiya" is in a better position due to its features of writing, artistic merits, social burden, and philosophical content. It should be noted that M.Shahriyar dedicated this work, which occupies a special place in his native language creativity, to his ideological companion, talented poet Bulud Garachorlu Sahend (1925-1979). The peculiarity of the work is that from the beginning to the end the poem is covered with a magnificent musical spirit. When you read "Sahandiya", it is as if you are listening to the magnificent "Overture" from opera "Koroglu" by
U.Hajibeyov. It is due to these features that Guntay Gancalp (Manuchehr Javanshir), one of the researchers of Shahriyar's heritage in modern Persian literature, called the poem "magnificent" and noted that no work was written in Eastern or world literature at the level of the poem "Sahandiya":
"Greetings", "Heydar Baba" is written in a certain poetic form and it is preserved until the end of the poem. However, the first thing that stands out in "Sahandiya" is the enthusiastic music. Then all the verse forms typical to Azerbaijan poetry (aruz, syllable, free, modern) are intertwined. There is no such work in Arabic, Persian or English literature. "You can read the poem "Greetings, Heydar Baba" in a corner of the room, leaning on a pillow, but when you read " Sahandiya" you can't sit still, you want to stand up and look up at the infinity of the sky, run, dance, hug and kiss the person you meet"( Interview with Guntay Gancalp. "telegraf.kom ", April 29, 2015, p.10). §ah dagim, gal papagim, §anli Sahandim, Ba§i tufanli Sahandim!
Ba§da Heydarbabatak qarla, qirovla qan§ibsan, Son ipak telli buludlarla ufuqda san§ibsan, Sava§arkan ban§ibsan!
My glorious, snowy mount Sahand, My mount with stormy top! At top like Heydar Baba you are covered with snow
You blink on the horizon with silky clouds, You reconcile while fighting! (Shahriyar, 2017, p.269).
Indeed, when you read the poem "Sahandiya", you hear Koroglu's (national hero) roar, imagine Girat's (his horse) jump, the scream of the rivers of the mountains, the melodies of "Jangi", "Misri"( tunes played by national instrument "saz"), the spirit of determination
38 East European Scientific Journal #5(69), 2021 to struggle and win rules you, your blood rushes, you remember who you are, your glorious past. It is a feeling that gives you courage to go through the fire, take revenge on the enemy, inspires you to be proud of the past, realize that the meaning of life is not to crawl like a snake, but to flutter your wings like a falcon. This optimistic spirit in the poem "Sahandiya" brings M. Shahriyar closer to the great Russian writer Maxim Gorky. The literary connection between "Sahandiya" and M. Gorky's "Song of the Falcon" is that both of them praise honour and courage.
The poem has an interesting history of writing. Thus, Bulud Garachorlu Sahand was the first man to help Shahriyar when he was in deep depression and withdrew into himself. He wrote a 42-line poetic letter named "Letter to Shahriyar", which begins with the line "Pen in one hand, paper in another", and sent it to the poet through his close relative Bahruz Dovlatabadi. In this letter, Sahand says about his national problems to Shahriyar in a poetic language. Wanting to answer the Shahriyar's call, Sahand condemned all the intelligent people of his nation, including himself, in the tragedy of the nation and called for raising the national spirit of the people:
Elimiza na gün aglami§iq biz?
Bagin §axta vurub, bostam yamb.
El biza neylasin, na gün aglasin?
Agzi qifillamb, dili baglanib
Borc altda ya§amaq yamandir, qarda§,
Borcluyuq, borcluyuq ham man, ham da san.
Gör na rüzigarda, gör na gündadir, §ahriyar baslayan bu el, bu vatan! §airim, yubanma, yoldadir karvan, Qulaq as, dünyada gör bir na sasdir?! Bagnni sixmasin atilan toplar, Qinlan zancirdir, sinan qafasdir.
What have we done for our motherland? The trees are frozen, the garden is burnt. What should it do for us in this case? His mouth is locked and his tongue is closed. It is bad to live in debt, brother, We owe, we owe both you and me.
Look, what days he lives through, This country grew Shahriyar! Poet, don't be late, the caravan is on its way, Listen to the voice of the world ?! Don't feel anxious for a thrown cannon, It is chain that is broken, a cage that is smashed. (Shahriyar, 1993 p.470-472).
After this call letter, Shahriyar went to Tehran in June 1970 and stayed at Sahand's house for 15 days. At one of the literary meetings organized at that time, M. Shahriyar read the poem "My Sahand" written in response to the letter and translated its content into Persian for those who did not know Azerbaijani language. In the poem, the poet similizes Sahand to Mount Shah. Shahriyar passionately describes Sahand as a fearless and brave patriot and praises his public activity:
UB
BtSSjB
O da daglar kimi §a'ninda na yazsan yara§andir, O da zalim qoparan qarla, kulakla duru§andir Quduza, zalima qar§i sina garmi§ vuru§andir Quduzun kurkuna zalim biralartak dara§andir. O da §eirin, adabin §ah dagidir, §anli Sahandi, O da santak atar ulduzlara §eir ila kamandi, O da Simurqdan almaqdadi fandi.
He is like mountains worthy of whatever you write,
He stands firm against the oppressive snow and wind
He is a fighter against rabies and tyranny He is like a cruel louse in a rabid dog's fur. He is also a majestic mountain of poetry and literature
He is like you, ties the stars with poetry, He is as tricky as Simurg, my glorious Sahand. (Shahriyar, 1993 p.470-472).
Literary critics assess this work as an event in Shahriyar's work, in Azerbaijani literature in general: "Muhammadhuseyn Shahriyar's poem" Sahandiya" together with the letter of Bulud Garachorlu Sahand is a new and meaningful "Poem of Motherland" of Azerbaijani poetry".( Habibbeyli, 1993, p.25 ).
It should be reminded that Sahand is the second poet in South Azerbaijani literature after Shahriyar, whose works are highly appreciated many poems are dedicated to them.
Bu gun man Sahandam, san §ahriyarsan, Gal basin ucaldaq qoca Tabrizin. Bir kara yadlarin da§ini ataq, Cakak qaygisini oz elimizin
Today I am Sahand, you are Shahriyar, Let's help old Tebriz keep his head high Let's get away from strangers And take care of the native land. (Sahand, 2006, p.34 ).
Shahriyar addressed these words to Sahand, and his poem "Sahandiya", written with passion and enthusiasm, brought great fame to both of them. The poem "Sahandiya" brought Sahand fame in both his homeland and in the whole Turkic world and made him one of the most prominent figures of the literary environment.
"It should be noted that it was Shahriyar himself who greatly appreciated Sahand's work in one of his poems: He was such a poet that took tribute from Shahriyar".( Mammadli, 2015, p.142).
Dr. Yusif Gadikli, a Turkish researcher who has been studying, publishing, researching and promoting Shahriyar's heritage since the 1980s, advanced an interesting idea about "Sahandiyya": "Being named after a poet Sahand "stormy, glorious Sahand with snowy hat" becomes more and more glorious. Being covered with snowy hat is a sign of both the snow over the mountain and the height of science. Because the hat is a symbol of honor and pride. With this height and grandeur, mount Sahand takes a tribute from mount Damavand, that is, take revenge on the Persians, and
UB
BBSM
crown from a lion. To get a crown from a lion means to gain freedom and power".(Gadikli, 2007, p.88-89). Ada§ olduqda san onla daha artiq ucalarsan, Ba§ ucaldiqca Damavand dagindan bac alarsan §ir alindan tac alarsan.
Being named after him you will become more glorious
And will take tribute from mount Damavand And a crown from the hand of a lion.( Shahriyar, 2017, p.271).
Calling on the oppressors to renounce oppression and share in the suffering of the people, Shahriyar reminded those who darkened the day of the nation that the Day of Judgment is not far away:
Daglarin har na qogu, tarlani, ceyrani, marali, Hami duijkun, hami yorgun, sinalar dagli, yarali, Gul agan yerda sarali!
Amma zann etma ki, daglar yena qalxan olacaqdir, Mah§ar olmaqdadi bunlar, hami vulkan olacaqdir, Zulm dunyasi yanarkan da tilit qan olacaqdir, Vay!... Na tufan olacaqdir.
All the animals of the mountains All are tired, full of sorrow and wounded, Flower turns yellow when it blooms! But do not think that the mountains will become a shield again
The end of the world will come, they will burn down
And then the world will be full of blood, Woe! ... What a storm will be.( Shahriyar, 2017, p. 280-281).
In "Sahandiya", Shahriyar was not indifferent to the issue of the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan, and in this work he reflected the grief and sorrow of his divided homeland:
Yena qarda§ deyarak qagmaga ba§lar ayaq oldu, Qagdiq , uzla§dik Arazda, yena gozlar bulaq oldu, Yena qamlar qalaq oldu.
Again, we started to run to them calling them "brothers",
We ran, we met in Araz, and burst into tears, Again, grief was piled up.( Shahriyar, 2017, p.279-280).
In the poem, Shahriyar proudly mentions the support of Northern Azerbaijan in the person of S.Rustam and M.Rahim:
Baki daglari da sas verdi sasa qiyha ucaldi, O tayin na'ralari sanki bu taydan da bac aldi, Qurd acaldiqda qocaldi.
Baku mountains also raised their voice As if the Southern part took revenge on the Northern part
The wolf grew old as it was hungry. (Shahriyar, 2017, p.279).
Although he wrote most of his works in the official language of his country, Persian, in this poem the poet does not forget that he was the son of a Turk, and expresses his grief in Persian:
East European Scientific Journal #5(69), 2021 39 Elimin farsica da dardini soylar diliyam man, Haqqa dogru na qaranliq isa, el ma§aliyam man, Obadiyyat guluyam man. I am a tongue of my country even in Persian, If the way to justice is dark, I am a torch, I am a flower of eternity.( Shahriyar, 2017, p.281). There is always a great need for such works as "Sahandiya" in educating the youth in the spirit of struggle, militancy, devotion to national values, instilling in them a sense of revenge to a vicious enemy. Man daha ar§i-ala kolgasitak ba§da tacim var, Olda Musa kimi Firona qanim bir agacim var, Haracim yox, faracim var, Man Oli ogluyam, azadalarin mardi, muradi,
0 qaranliqlara ma§al, o i§iqlara hadi, Haqqa , imana munadi!
Ba§da sinmaz siparim, alda kutalmaz qilicim var!
1 have a crown at the top,
I have a bludgeon against such Pharaoh as Moses, Though I have no money, I have happiness I am the son of Ali, the hero of the freedmen, I am a torch to the darknesses, I believe in truth and justice! I have an unbreakable shield on my head, an eversharp sword in my hand! (Shahriyar, 2017, p.282).
As a master of literature he created the "Heydar Baba school", as well as was able to create the "Sahandiya school", give the mother tongue the right to live again, dynamically develop this ancient "language of courage". Majid Sabbagh Yalqiz wrote his satirical "Samandiya" and "Bloody tragedy", as well as Nazir Sharafkhanei wrote "Lake Urmu", Mohammad Nahavandi Mugan-"Sultan Savalan", Hushang Jafari-"White horse", "Savalan" and "Travelers", Mir Mohammad Musui-"Qoydara", Dr. Ali Akbar Turabi Hallajog-"Eynali".They wrote their poems under the influence of Shahriyar's poem "My Sahand". Hushang Jafari's poems "White horse", "Savalan" and "Travellers", and verses "Baklur", "Tarim", "We have the same roots", "The wedding is on Saturday", "Old city", "Chillakhana" refer to works written under the influence of "My Sahand" , and this trend still continues.
Summary
In conclusion, we can say that M.Shahriyar's work was of great relevance not only in his time, but also today, due to its artistic value, social and educational significance. Among the poet's works written in the native language, the poem "Sahandiya" is readable, interesting and necessary for the reader of the XXI century, due to its modern poetry style, sincere and effective language, as it praises national-moral values and human feelings. There is a great need for such works at a time of globalization when the nations have an increasing tendencies of coming back to their roots. Shahriyar's realism is life itself, its unadorned description, praise of the highest human feelings, people's sufferings, their desire for integrity. These are the qualities that give the poet immortality and the love of the reader.
40 East European Scientific Journal #5(69), 2021
In his poem "Sahandiya", which is considered one of the masterpieces of his native language, M.Shahriyar compares South Azerbaijan which is part of Iran, has no school, no press in his native language with Northern Azerbaijan, in general, which has all kinds of national institutions, and feels sorry for our southern compatriots.
References
Shahriyar M.S. (1993) False world. Baku, "Azerbaijan encyclopedia" Publishing and Printing Union
Shahriyar M.S. (2017) I am a flower of eternity. Baku, "Science and education"
Habibbayli I. (1993) Mohammad Hussein Shahriyar. Baku, "Elm" publishing house,
Interview with Guntay Gancalp. "Teleqraf.kom", April 29, 2015.
Mammadli P. (2015). South Azerbaijan: literary personalities, portraits. Part I, Baku," Sabah "
Gadikli Y. (2007). Shahriyar and all Turkish poems, Baku, "Yom" publications
Sahand B. (2006). Selected works, Baku, "East-West"
