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21PRACTICAL VALUE OF MICROSCOPIC ALGAE IN THE FARMING SECTOR Tokhirov B.B.1, Alimova L.Kh.2, Khudoyberdiyeva S.A.3
1Tokhirov Baxtiyor Baxshullayevich - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor;
2Alimova Luiza Khalilovna - Teacher; 3Khudoiberdieva Sabina Alisherovna - Student, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, BUKHARA STATE UNIVERSITY, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: Bukhara State University marked a newstrainpure chlorella for fisheries. For these outbreaks strain pure chlorella used in the nutrition among "04 " or liquefied manure. Keywords: chlorella, compost, white carp, strain, Scenedesmus.
УДК: 551.3
Due to the warm climate of the Republic, types of microscopic algae are commonly found in water basins and wet soils, especially blue-green, green, diatom and euglena and others. Since they are a photoautotrophic organism, the main food is mineral substances. Therefore, it produces a large amount of biomass developing actively in water basins.
Due to the fact that the biomasses are rich in various physiological active substances, they are used in various fields of the national economy. In particular, the use of green algae types is possible in various fields of agriculture due to the presence of 45-50% of proteins, 20-25% carbohydrates, 5-10% fat and about 10 vitamins, enzymes, antibiotics and hormones in chlorella (Chlorella) and stenosesmus (Scenedesmus) cells.
Most types of algae's also act as biological indicators. By developing in large quantity in contaminated wastewater, algae's enrich water with free oxygen and accelerate its cleaning. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the wastewater has increased from 0 to 10.7 m / g in 1 liter water. Biochemical oxygen consumption and oxidation decrease. Nitrogenous compounds: ammonia, nitrates and nitrites are extracted by algae. They lose the bad smell of wastewater and clarify their color, and reduce development of the pathogenic and saprophyte bacterial cells in the water. Algae's recover up to 70-75% of water. At the same time, algae's are used as a bio indicator to determine whether industrial waste is suitable for sowing. Algae also plays an important role in the detection of soil validity after the use of particulate matter (herbicides).
Algae's can also be used as organic fertilizer. Before sowing cotton and rice seeds, it was observed that the growth, development and productivity of the algae with succeeded suspension increased by 2.5-3 ts.in cotton and 5-6 ts. in the rice. Among the types of algae's particularly blue-green algae's contain a large number of A, E, and B vitamins, and only algae Spirulina-Spirulina synthesizes vitamin B 12. In addition, they are rich in phytohormones and nitrogen compounds, which are needed for the organism of animals.
In Bukhara State University, clean strains of chlorella and stenesmus cells are separated from green algae species, used for research in wastewater treatment, livestock breeding, fisheries and soil fertility.
A great deal is being done in the development of fisheries in Bukhara region. In order to increase their productivity, they need to be provided with the necessary nutrition. From these fishes, silver carp - Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and grass carp -Ctenopharingodon idella.
The main nourishment of silver carp - Hypophthalmichthys molitrix is microscopic algae -phytoplankton. In fishing ponds, mineral salts and organic fertilizers are provided to increase the phytoplankton content. Organic fertilizers are mainly fertilizer, compost and poultry garbage. When organic fertilizers are dispatched to pools, since the quantity of organic matter rises itleads to the destruction of the biological balance in the water basin and to the increase of the concentration of nutrients. In the water basin, microscopic algae
begins to grow rapidly. The abundance of food leads to the increase of the number of plankton crawfish as well as the development of various bacteria, viruses and fungi that cause the emerge of measles and bronchiomicosis in fish. As a result, it allows the growth of fish and other animals. However, rapid depletion of oxygen in the water and the decay of large quantities of organisms leads to the accumulation of poisonous serous carbon dioxide. The water basin will be invalid for living organisms to survive. The use of algae for this purpose leads to the normalization of the biological balance in the water basin.
Mainly three types of fish are artificially bred in fishing farms. Blue-green algae's are one of the main nutrients for the silver carp due to the fact that they are rich in very small and physiologically active substances. In order to increase the productivity of the silver carps, it is necessary to rise the amount of species of green algae which is a special nutritional product for them such as the chlorella and stenesmus in pools. For this purpose, chlorella and stenesmusare multiplied in special glass bottles and pools. In order to reproduce them, they are by giving fertilizer juice or the nutritional environment "04" and when the number of cells gets from 1 to 25 million cells they aredispatched to water pools. In the fishing grounds, as the green algae increases it causes the increase of silver carps, rapid decomposition of organic matter, loss of microorganisms causing disease as well as enriches water with oxygen during photosynthesis. The species of the Green Algae's are also present at the Biology Department of Bukhara State University and are used for research.
References
1. Михеева Т.М. Альгофлора Беларуси / Т.М. Михеева. Taxonomic catalog. Minsk: BSU Publishing House, 1999.
2. Белякова Г.А. Ботаника: в 4 т. Т. 1. Водоросли и грибы: учебник для студ. высш. учеб. заведений / Г.А. Белякова, Ю.Т. Дьяков, К.Л. Тарасов. М.: Publishing Center "Academy". 2006.
3. Лемеза Н.А. Альгология и микология. Практикум: учеб. пособие / Н.А. Лемеза. Минск: Выш. шк., 2008.
4. Масюк Н.П., Костиков И.Ю. Современные взгляды на положение водорослей в системе органического мира // Альгология. Т. 12. № 2. 2002. С. 151-182.
РОСТ И РАЗВИТИЕ ЗЕМЛЯНИКИ ЛЕСНОЙ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ
ЭКОТОПАХ БУДА-КОШЕЛЕВСКОГО РАЙОНА ГОМЕЛЬСКОЙ
ОБЛАСТИ
1 2 Дайнеко Н.М. , Кузнецова Ю.С.
'Дайнеко Николай Михайлович - кандидат биологических наук, доцент, 2Кузнецова Юлия Сергеевна - студент, кафедра ботаники и физиологии растений, Гомельский государственный университет им. Ф. Скорины, г. Гомель, Республика Беларусь
Аннотация: выбранные для исследования местообитания земляники лесной существенно различаются по уровню освещенности и переменности увлажнения. В онтогенетической структуре у земляники лесной выделено 4 возрастных состояния. Отмечено, что развитие и рост растений зависят от метеоусловий и условий произрастания. Наибольшая плотность особей отмечена в экотопе вырубки леса, а наименьшая в экотопе кустарниковой растительности. Наибольшая продуктивность характерна для соснового леса и для вырубки, наименьшая - для смешанного леса и кустарниковой растительности. В анатомическом строении не было выявлено резких отклонений в связи с условиями произрастания.
