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СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
POLITICAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A MAIN FACTOR OF THE SOCIETY'S DEVELOPMENT IN GLOBALIZATION PERIOD Madaminov A.A.1, Abdurakhmonov G.Z.2, Sodikov S.S.3 Email: [email protected]
1Madaminov Abduvakhabjahn Akhmadjahnovich -Senior Teacher;
2Abdurakhmonov Gayratjohn Zokirovich - Senior Teacher;
3Sodikov Sanjarbek Subkhoniddin o 'g 'li - Teacher, SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT, MECHANICS - MACHINE BUILDING FACULTY, FERGHANA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, FERGHANA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article discusses the issues ofpolitical technology in the aspect of the process of globalization as an important development of society. In this aspect, the authors believe that "free elections", "election campaign", "election debate", "electoral behavior", "political technology" - all these concepts were more than twenty years ago incomprehensible terms in our society. The political process in an actively developing society is characterized by dynamism and a variety offorms of manifestation. At the same time, elections have been and remain that main political mechanism of democracy, in which not only the will of the people to exercise power is realized, but also the political potential of political leaders and parties is manifested. Modern political life is characterized by intense competition, which is manifested to the maximum extent during election campaigns. Today, political executives in Uzbekistan masterly possess a colossal arsenal of means and methods of political communication, and political technologies play a special role in the system of these means.
Keywords: technology, political process, political technologies, globalization, essence, goal, social development, democracy, elections.
ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КАК ВАЖНЫЙ ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ ОБЩЕСТВА В ЭПОХУ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ
1 2 3
Мадаминов А.А. , Абдурахмонов Г.З. , Содиков С.С.
'Мадаминов Абдувахабжан Ахмаджанович - старший преподаватель;
2Абдурахмонов Гайратжон Зокирович - старший преподаватель; 3Содиков Санжарбек Субхониддин угли - ассистент, кафедра общественных наук, факультет механики - машиностроения, Ферганский политехнический институт, г. Фергана, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в данной статье рассматриваются вопросы политических технологий в аспекте процесса глобализации как важного развития общества. В данном аспекте авторы считают, что «свободные выборы», «избирательная кампания», «предвыборные дебаты», «электоральное поведение», «политические технологии» -все эти понятия еще более двадцати лет назад были непонятными терминами в нашем обществе. Политический процесс в активно развивающемся обществе характеризуется динамизмом и многообразием форм проявления. В то же время, выборы были и остаются тем главным политическим механизмом демократии, в котором не только реализуется воля народа в отношении осуществления власти, но и проявляется политический потенциал политических лидеров и партий. Современная политическая жизнь характеризуется острой конкурентностью,
которая в максимальной степени проявляется в период избирательных кампаний. Сегодня субъекты сферы политики в Узбекистане виртуозно владеют колоссальным арсеналом средств и приемов политической коммуникации и особую роль в системе этих средств играют политические технологии.
Ключевые слова: технология, политический процесс, политические технологии, глобализация, сущность, цель, социальное развитие, демократия, выборы.
UDC 304.2
A little over twenty years ago, such concepts as "election campaign" and "election technology" had practically no meaning. At present, there is sufficient reason to assert that Uzbek society has significant experience in conducting free elections at all levels and that all election technologies used in election campaigns are formed into a certain system and have a number of features that allow us to talk about their specifics.
Political technology is a combination of theoretically sound methods, procedures, techniques and methods of activity of political executives in resolving specific problems of political life, as well as solving problems that are directly related to the conquest, retention, organization and use of political power; the essence of political technology is to optimize the performance by political entities of their political functions.
Political technologies received particular development in New Time (thanks to intensive electoral processes) and in modern times in totalitarian societies (due to the demand for propaganda techniques). At the end of XX century in a changing global society, a revolution has occurred in the understanding of political technology. If earlier their goal was to suppress their own consciousness and the will of individuals, suggestion, manipulation of unconscious and irrational motives, now manipulation is built, on the contrary, precisely on provoking free will, consciousness and subjectivity of a person.
The most common political technologies include political consultancy, electoral technologies, lobbying, and public relations technologies. Political counseling is carried out by large think tanks that research political processes and social phenomena. Lobbyism (from the English lobby - corridor, lobby) - a system of means and factors to exert the necessary influence on politicians and government officials who make decisions at the federal or regional level, in order to ensure the interests of the relevant groups [1].
Authoritative politicians or statesmen representing the interests of pressure groups can function as lobbyists. Lobbyism is not only behind-the-scenes actions, but also a system of argumentation, mechanisms for preparing, advising, facilitating the adoption of relevant laws, and participating in other socially constructive acts. The "lobbying" influence of the pressure group depends on a number of factors: the degree of commitment of its members to the goals set, the authority of the group, the possibility of attracting financial resources, geographical location, etc.
Various pressure groups are taking the necessary steps to appoint authoritative and influential people who sympathize with their goals for positions related to the implementation of programs important for groups. Such groups can be effectively included, for example, in elections of deputies, providing the material means necessary for them for this purpose, and after the election, maintaining necessary contacts with them. Electoral technology - a set of ways to influence the masses in order to influence their electoral behavior and encourage them to cast their votes for a particular candidate.
Electoral technologies are aimed at regulating the behavior of voters, addressing the beliefs and attitudes of citizens, their orientation to certain values. Specialists in public relations, communications, image makers are called upon to identify trends in the development of popular sentiment, find optimal combinations for the implementation of the political program. Public relations - activities aimed at creating a stable positive image of a particular organization, candidate, and benevolent attitude towards them through professional processing of public opinion.
In the political sphere, this is the corresponding activity of government bodies, parties, movements, electoral blocs, etc., often including individual elements of political manipulation of the mass consciousness. The main goal of public relations is to persuade public opinion in support of any particular organization. Functions of public relations: identification and analysis of general trends in public opinion; development of a strategy for interaction with the public on the basis of data from a study of public opinion; the formation of a favorable attitude of the population both to the organization itself and to its activities; informing the public about the specific activities of the organization, person, etc.
The results of the application of electoral technologies should be: for the state -compliance with legal norms when organizing and conducting an election campaign; for society - the most complete implementation of the political functions of elections; for candidates (political parties) - winning the right to be a representative and spokesman of the interests of certain social groups in government bodies in a competitive struggle with political rivals [2].
References / Список литературы
1. Averin Yu.P., Slepenkov I.M., Usmanov B.F., Rozental' E.M. Izbiratel'naya kampaniya: strategiya, taktika, psikhologicheskiye aspekty. M.: RTSIT, 1995. S. 227.
2. Gould F. Strategicheskoye planirovaniye izbiratel'noy kampanii. M.: Natsional'nyy demokraticheskiy institut mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniy (SSHA), 1994. S. 244.
