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ОСНОВНОЙ РАЗДЕЛ
УДК-32
Reznikov M.A. student
Belgorod National Research University
Russia, Belgorod
POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION OF YOUTH: KEY FACTORS
Summary: This article discusses the problem of political socialization of modern youth and the main factors of political socialization of youth.
Key words:political socialization, youth, factors of political socialization.
Political socialization today is an extremely important process that provides an opportunity for the younger generation to absorb the key socio-psychological skills of political and social participation, the features and characteristics of society and the political system. Political socialization - this is the process of assimilation of certain political knowledge, values and norms, transfer and acquisition of political experience accumulated by previous generations of people, allowing the individual to become a full participant in the political life of society, navigate complex social processes, make a conscious choice in politics. Political socialization and its influence on the formation of individual qualities of the individual and the level of mastering it are determined depending on the individual, socio-political conditions, conditions of socialization, the presence of certain established or innovative institutions of socialization of young people.
Since political socialization is a part of the General culture, it is formed and manifested in the process of political life. This is a historically and socially determined product of people's political life, which is a necessary prerequisite for creating favorable conditions for establishing a constructive dialogue and interaction between citizens and the state and other political institutions. These circumstances require an adequate level of political culture of society, its moral state, regardless of professional affiliation, age and gender of citizens.
If we talk about the factors that affect the political socialization of young people, then they can be identified a large number. So, one of the factors is social capital. It can be defined as a system of social relationships that ensure the unification, organization, integration, mutual assistance of collective and individual social actors.This is all that a young person achieves in the process of becoming: a good education, career, status in society, family, connections, etc. Thus, we can say that the interest of young people in politics is associated with social capital: more educated, wealthy, who have lost some position in society, young people are more likely to be interested in politics than those who are busy with their studies, family or career.
The second most important factor is the influence of the family on the formation of political attitudes towards the government and the entire political process. Often, the political preferences of the family and its involvement in political life have an impact on the initial political orientation of the young person. It is in the family that the basis of the political attitudes and views of a young person is formed, which he brings with him to the University and subsequently undergoes further development or adjustment towards the norms adopted in various social groups.
The factors of political socialization can be attributed to the school. The school system has a variety of functions, including and the function of political socialization, but society in General and in the educational environment in particular is dominated by the opinion that the political sphere is quite difficult for children's perception, so politics should remain outside the school walls.Political socialization is reduced only to Patriotic education. But today, it is impossible to restrict the access of school youth to political information. Another question is that this information is not analyzed, but is fixed in the minds of children as a stable fact. Thus, the political experience of the younger generation is formed not on the basis of political knowledge and values obtained at school, but under the influence of various, often manipulative sources of influence. Often such a source is a school teacher who gives his subjective opinion on certain historical or political events as the ultimate truth. The inability of young people to critically comprehend political reality leads over time to disillusionment, political alienation and apolitical behavior. As a result, the lack of channels for the transfer of political knowledge in the school system blocks the work of this mechanism of political socialization.
The socio-psychological factor in the formation of political consciousness of young people is the interaction with the social environment (political parties, public associations, working groups) through which the acquisition and formation of sociopolitical competencies takes place, since the group reflects society in miniature and therefore can serve as a platform for the acquisition and development of a wide variety of social (civil, political) skills and competencies. Youth independence and initiative, the desire of young people to participate in the life of society and the state, to enjoy and realize their own needs and interests lead to the creation and functioning of social movements, organizations, associations. They act as a medium of communication and interaction of people, where their own norms and rules, rights and freedoms, duties and responsibilities operate, which allows them to act as a factor of political socialization.
An equally important factor in influencing the process of political socialization of young people is the mass media, and mainly electronic. This is due to the fact that a complete system of political influence is carried out on television on major Federal channels, and young people, firstly, today practically do not enter the TV audience of politically oriented TV programs, preferring to watch other, less politicized, music and entertainment channels; and secondly, the main channel of communication for young people is the Internet, where young people follow various political news, joining (virtually, and later off-line) political protests, actions, flash
mobs, etc., which take place both in our country and in the world society. It is the electronic media that largely shape the political consciousness of young people, contributing to political socialization.
It is necessary to understand that the political socialization of young people is a rather complex process, the success of which depends on many factors and conditions. Since young people are the strategic potential of the country, the use of effective organizational and pedagogical mechanisms will help to form the necessary political culture, instill generally recognized patterns of political behavior.
References:
1. References Modern political science dictionary/ed. V.I. Danilenko. - M.: NotaBene, 2000. - 1016 c.
2. Social capital [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: Desktop/politicheskaya-sotsializatsiya-molodezhi-i-ee-faktory.pdf
