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43Бюллетень науки и практики /Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 7. №3. 2021
https://www.bulletennauki.com https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/64
UDC 342 https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/64/33
POLITICAL AND LEGAL CULTURE - THE FACTORS OF STABILITY OF THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEM
©Rasulov H., Ph.D., Termez State University, Termez, Uzbekistan
ПОЛИТИКО-ПРАВОВАЯ КУЛЬТУРА - ФАКТОР СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ ПОЛИТИКО-
ПРАВОВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ОБЩЕСТВА
©Расулов Х. М., канд. полит. наук, Термезский государственный университет,
г. Термез, Узбекистан
Abstract. The article analyzes political and legal culture in civil society as the most important factor that contributes to the stability of the political and legal system in society. The stability of the political and legal system is based on the establishment of a democratic state that embodies the political and legal culture of society, ideas, knowledge, values and other components.
Аннотация. В статье анализируется политико-правовая культура гражданского общества как важнейший фактор, способствующий стабильности политико-правовой системы в обществе. Стабильность политической и правовой системы основана на создании демократического государства, которое воплощает политическую и правовую культуру общества, идеи, знания, ценности и другие компоненты.
Keywords: civil society, legal state, political culture, legal culture, political-legal system, decentralization of management, stability, political stability, ideas, knowledge, values.
Ключевые слова: гражданское общество, правовое государство, политическая культура, правовая культура, политико-правовая система, децентрализация управления, стабильность, политическая стабильность, идеи, знания, ценности.
Not only objective social components (political institutions, political governance, culture, etc.) but also subjective factors (efficiency and legitimacy of power) are important among the political factors influencing the formation of social system stability. In general, the main political factors of social stability include the democratic regime of political power and civil society, which ensures the active participation of citizens in the expression, generalization, protection of their interests, rights and freedoms through various political and legal institutions. The role of the state and municipal institutions in ensuring social stability is reflected in ensuring the equality of interests of key groups, timely prevention of various conflicts in society, the political and legal culture of democratically elected, effective and legitimate political power based on universal democratic values.
By the last decade of the twentieth century, humanity has realized that the world as a single society can develop in a fully sustainable manner. "Until our days, human society did not exist as a single society" [1, p. 576], wrote sociologist Anthony Giddens. Therefore, the phenomenon of social stability is often seen as an event related to the maintenance of a system of peace and security. Human history has repeatedly proved that progress does not happen without any conflicts and dangers. There was also a period of interruptions and leaps in development. However, today the
Бюллетень науки и практики /Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 7. №3. 2021
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process of accurately imagining the ratio of forces that serve humanity in one way or another is becoming more difficult. It is well known that in these difficult times, along with the forces that are in favor of the renewal of society, there are forces that are against it. In general, human development has been based on such a conflict of interests.
Every nation in the world has its own goals and interests in development. It is this unity of interests and goals that unites the people as a nation, a country. But in world politics, the moral factor, economic opportunities alone are not enough, and, above all, democratic development based on the stability of the political and legal system is crucial. "Although there is no order in the legal system of the state, neither the economic nor the political tasks of social development can be successfully solved" [2]. These factors reflect the development of the country, the stability of the social environment and the level of its place in the world. That is what the world is striving for today.
Typically, stability is described as a characteristic feature of political life within a state, as well as in the system of international relations. Regardless of the current regime in the political and legal system of society, an important task of political leadership is to create conditions for the normal functioning of state institutions. This means that a society adapts to changes in internal and external conditions without losing the dynamics of the state of stability [3].
In general, sustainability applies to all areas of life. This phenomenon is associated with the structuring of society — horizontal and vertical, its differentiation — the formation of specific communities, social groups and strata with specific interests, reflected by different interests and political organizations.
In other words, the phenomenon of stability is manifested in the preservation of the integrity of the social system. In today's political science, the focus is not on the elimination of social ideas that serve development in the study of the problem of stability, but on the study of evolutionary changes in social priorities and behaviors in this regard. That is, the phenomenon of stability is considered in the context of "social integration". Opinions on integration factors vary. For example, E. Durkheim, G. Weiber, V. Pareto believed that integration takes place on the basis of common values and norms for all members of society. Modern functionalists, especially T. Parsons believes that integration is provided by mechanisms such as a universal legal system, voluntary associations, extension of the rights of members of society, and so on [3].
Without denying these phenomena, it is safe to say that the stability of the political and legal system of society is determined by the level of political and legal culture of its citizens. In other words, political and legal culture is an important factor of social stability. In a sustainable developing society, citizens need to know and follow the laws, regardless of their social status. In this sense, the scientific analysis of the interrelationship of such phenomena as stability, political and legal system, political and legal culture of citizens in the political aspect is of theoretical importance.
The modern world shows that the stability of the political and legal system of society is not formed without taking into account national characteristics on the one hand, and the characteristics of different regions and territorial units on the other.
Russian scholars M. S. Negrova, S. D. Savin analyze the factors of political stability and focus on different approaches to what can be the driving force leading to stability. According to him: the separation of powers as a key factor of stability (Sh. L. Montesquieu), social emotion (O. Komte), social mobility and the rotation of the elite (V. Pareto), social control (T. Parsons), the stability of social institutions, power efficiency and legitimacy (S. M. Lipset), cultural norms and values (T. Parsons), constitutional system (E. Zimmerman), middle class, civil society, and others. It
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should be noted that all of these factors do not contradict each other but complement the general features of the stabilization process [4, p. 240].
Thus, the political system of society, as a specific unit of the state and other social elements, objectively has different political functions. But the goal that dominates in a particular society is united around ideals, and most importantly, around the acquisition, retention, use, and associated values of political power. The political and legal system of a society is manifested in social life within the framework of similar social norms. It significantly expresses political power and shapes certain relationships in society.
Today in our country it is considered as one of the factors ensuring the stability of the political and legal system of society — a phenomenon related to the level of political and legal culture of the population. Reforms in this area are based on the principles of "establishing a spirit of respect for the law in society", the priority of "the idea of maintaining a balance between personal interests and the interests of society", "high legal culture — a guarantee of development" [5].
In this sense, the stability of the political and legal system is determined by a democratic state with a political system that incorporates its culture, ideas, knowledge, values and other components. In such a state, political power can ensure the stability of an entire system. It is obvious that the stability of the political and legal system is inextricably linked not only with social interests, but also with all aspects of social relations related to political and legal culture. The main problem in this regard can be explained by "insufficient work on inculcating in the minds of the population the idea of maintaining a balance between personal interests and the interests of society in raising legal awareness and legal culture" [5].
In this regard, the factors of stabilization of the political and legal system of society are highlighted as follows:
a) the existence of a constitutional system supported by the authorities and the legitimacy of the political system;
b) effective use of society's opportunities;
c) flexible use of strong means of coercion;
d) absence of significant structural changes in the organization of power;
f) implementation of a rational and effective government strategy in governance;
e) to ensure a stable relationship between the government and the opposition and to determine the level of tolerance of the population to non-standard ideas.
In turn, the existence of cultural and political divisions in society, which leads to
a) the destabilization of the political and legal system of society;
b) the state pays little or no attention to the social needs of citizens;
c) intensification of illegal competition between political parties with conflicting ideological positions;
d) is characterized by the presence in the life of society of such factors as the proposing of unconventional ideas contrary to national and human interests.
In general, political stability is a political and legal process that remains unchanged under the influence of various external and internal factors. With political stability, any deviations in the state are regulated within certain norms. Norms can be both legal and ethical. Ideal political stability cannot be achieved. Today, the world community is constantly evolving. The system of public administration is developing in harmony with the political and legal life of society.
Political stability is ensured by the political system of society (its main element — the state) and the effectiveness of its tasks, which in turn depends on the mass support of citizens:
1) so-called «support of the situation» report public statements of political leaders in power,
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the effectiveness of political actions, and
2) positive assessments and stability of opinion, indicating that "systemic support", that is, the approval of the activities of the power structures of society by domestic and foreign policy. An important factor in "systemic" support is the confidence of political leaders and the political system, as well as the willingness of various social groups to defend their interests on the basis of laws, legal, ethical norms and principles [6].
Indeed, the stability of a political system is a complex phenomenon that includes parameters such as the provision of a system of governance, the establishment of civil order, the rule of law, and the reliability of governance [7]. In this regard, "special attention should be paid to raising the legal culture in society, strengthening the respect of citizens for the law and encouraging people who are actively involved in the fight against crime" [8, p. 53].
The practice of the modern political world shows that there is no single proven model of democracy that ensures the stability of the political and legal system of society, and it is impossible. Therefore, the professionalism of national parliamentarism in ensuring the political stability of the country, the separation of powers within the framework of democratic principles, the real implementation of the policy of decentralization in governance will remain the most optimal way to solve society's problems. Reforms in the political and legal system of the country show that the centralization of the powers of the authorities, the incompleteness of the constitutional mechanisms of interaction between the authorities led to the social instability of the political and legal system. The ultimate goal of the ongoing reforms in the political and legal system of society in our country today "should serve to improve the living standards and living conditions of the population, in general, stability and peace" [8, p. 61].
In turn, on the basis of world political and legal experience, it should be noted that the instability of the political and legal system of society leads to the alienation of the population from power, the decline of political and legal culture in governance, the "flourishing" of corruption, the decline of law enforcement. is coming. The main task in this regard is to recognize the individual features of the political and legal culture of society, as one of the promising areas for the development of national traditions, values and norms, which are an integral part of it.
It should be noted that the state of the political system, described as stability, is
a) the level of citizen participation in the public administration system;
b) features of social and political security of society;
c) indicators such as the qualitative characteristics of the political changes taking place in the country. These parameters allow assessing the level and trends of political stability in society.
Political modernization in modern society, although in the first stage deviates from certain democratic norms for the maintenance of security and public order, is inextricably linked with the process of democratization. Democratic socio-political mechanisms, institutions, practices that allow the majority of the population to exert maximum influence on key decision-making do not occur simultaneously, but through a long process of building relationships between the main social groups of society and thus gradually consolidate and stabilize it [9, p. 163].
In this regard, according to the well-known political scientist R. Dal, the successful implementation of the political modernization process is associated with the expansion (openness) of political participation of citizens in public administration, while maintaining political stability, accelerating the modernization process, the establishment of a political regime should be accompanied by internal security [8, p. 58].
Бюллетень науки и практики /Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 7. №3. 2021
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In short, the driving force of social stabilization processes is the political process or elements of the political system, which are functionally defined and comprehensively determine the changes that lead to stability in society. In other words, it manifests itself as a phenomenon that fully represents the processes of stability in society and shows the basis for the changes in the social system in which they are presented, as well as identifying changing trends.
References:
1. Giddens, E. (1999). Sotsiologiya. Moscow. (in Russian).
2. Karmin, A. S. (2000). Kul'turologiya: Kul'tura sots. otnoshenii. St. Petersburg. (in Russian).
3. Savko, N. P. (2004). Politologiya. Ternopol. (in Russian).
4. Negrova, M. S., & Savin, S. D. (2012). O ponyatii politicheskikh faktorov stabil'nosti izmenyayushchegosya obshchestva. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Sotsiologiya, (2), 238-246. (in Russian).
5. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5618 "On the radical improvement of the system for raising legal awareness and legal culture in society" dated January 9, 2019.
6. Grishin, O. E. (2015). Politicheskaya stabil'nost': ponyatie, faktory, innovatsii. Istoricheskie, filosofskie, politicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki, kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie. Voprosy teorii ipraktiki, (6-1), 51-54. (in Russian).
7. Gulieva, M. M. (2005). Politicheskaya kul'tura zhenshchin kak uslovie sotsial'no-politicheskoi stabilizatsii: Na materialakh Severnogo Kavkaza: authoref. Ph.D. diss. Stavropol. (in Russian).
8. Dal, R. (2010). Poliarkhiya: uchastie i oppozitsiya. Moscow. (in Russian).
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Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice https://www.bulletennauki.com
Т. 7. №3. 2021 https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/64
9. Дорогой К. Б. Политическая модернизация как фактор стабилизации общества в современной России // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Социология. 2015. №1. С. 161-167.
Работа поступила в редакцию 10.02.2021 г.
Принята к публикации 16.02.2021 г.
Ссылка для цитирования:
Rasulov H. Political and Legal Culture - the Factors of Stability of the Political and Legal System // Бюллетень науки и практики. 2021. Т. 7. №3. С. 281-286. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/64/33
Cite as (APA):
Rasulov, H. (2021). Political and Legal Culture - the Factors of Stability of the Political and Legal System. Bulletin of Science and Practice, 7(3), 281-286. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/64/33
