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DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-1-132-139
Physical readiness estimation among the future cadets for passing through the entrance exams at Perm military Institute of National Guard of the
Russian Federation
Ildus G. Gibadullin1, Azat F. Khuzin2* M.T. Kalashnikov State Technical University, Izhevsk Izhevsk, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-6386-1121, [email protected] 2Chaikovskiy State Institute of Physical Culture Chaikovskiy, Russia [email protected]*
Abstract: The article shows the future cadets' physical readiness estimation according to the results of the entrance exams at Perm Military Institute of National Guard of the Russian Federation during the following periods: 2015-2020. The authors present the analysis of the main physical qualities demonstration (strength, quickness, endurance) among cadets, taking into account the normative demands fulfillment concerning physical training at a military higher educational establishment. Research Methods. We analyzed scientific-methodical sources concerning the questions of physical readiness in the future cadets of military higher educational establishments. The authors estimated the results of physical training fulfillment normative demands taking into consideration test indices in such exercises as pull-up, 100 meters running, 3000 meters running. We present the normative scale of physical readiness evaluation in the future cadets of military higher educational establishments of the Russian Federation National Guard. It was used during the indices estimation in tests. Results. There are 6 faculties at Perm Military Institute of National Guard of the Russian Federation. Additionally physical training entrance exams are held in a form of physical exercises fulfillment. The result of them is estimated according to normative indices according to points. The quality of the normative demands fulfillment analysis during physical training entrance exams among the future cadets helps to get new results for the technology of creation. It plans and increases the effectiveness of adaptive processes control in terms of various physical loads. The results of physical readiness estimation in future cadets in the dynamics of several years showed that there is the indices increase only in dynamic system, but not in speed power and quickness. It is demonstrated in 100 meters running. The specialists in sports training sphere underline that speed power increase is accompanied by considerable quickness of movements increase with maximal dynamic power (sprint). Training with the help of monotonous power oriented exercises can't influence quickness indices.In this case it is necessary to develop speed-power oriented abilities owing to jumping exercises. Conclusion. According to the results of physical fitness evaluation in the future cadets of a military higher educational establishment we revealed the necessity to take into account such objectives of physical training, as a complex physical qualities development; the exercises planning, which are directed toward the power of the main muscle groups development; the quickness of muscle groups increase owing to aerobic abilities of quick muscle fibers increase; the speed of running increase at the level of anaerobic threshold; replication of complex lessons increase. They are directed toward quickness, power and endurance development; coordinating training inclusion as a connecting link between quickness, power and endurance demonstration. Keywords: physical raining, future cadets, physical qualities, tests, dynamics of indices.
For citation: Ildus G. Gibadullin, Azat F. Khuzin*. Physical readiness estimation among the future cadets for passing through the entrance exams at Perm military Institute of National Guard of the Russian Federation. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021; 16(1): 105-110. DOI: 10.14526/20704798-2021-16-1-132-139
INTRODUCTION
Modern military higher educational establishment is characterized by the increased demands claimed on physical training level of the
future military men. The questions of personality and society safety are closely connected with the questions of professionally-applied physical training of cadets, starting from higher educational
establishment entrance [1,2,3,4].
Technological provision of professional activity in military men and its change in general, condition the level of general demands increase claimed on professionally-applied physical readiness of cadets at military higher educational establishments [3,4,6].
Physical training is presented as one of the main elements of tactical efficiency improvement among cadets in terms of professional military objectives realization and one of the directions of Armed Forces fighting efficiency increase. It is proved by normative documents [8].
Scientific-methodical sources analysis and taking into consideration the opinion of the specialists in military sphere showed that the main objectives of cadets' physical training at military higher educational establishments are the following problems solution: early professionally important physical qualities formation, taking into account the specificity of a military higher educational establishment; professionally important psychic qualities formation; professionally important motor skills and abilities formation; functional abilities of an organism increase; physical health potential strengthening; diseases prevention; traumatism prevention; psycho-emotional state improvement; readiness formation to realize the future professional activity in terms of peacetime and wartime [1].
In Federal service of National Guard physical training is the main element of military training system among military men and the members of Russian Guard and one of the directions to increase fighting efficiency of the army. Military activity of the military personnel of Russian Guard during wartime and peacetime is characterized by high physical loads and psychological tension and is connected with constant readiness to fulfill military (service) objectives [10,11,12].
Physical training is the most important integral index of training the candidates. They enter military higher educational establishments of the Ministry of Defense and Russian Guard. The problem of health improvement among the oncoming generation is the most urgent problem. It demands special approach to the problem solution. Taking this thesis into consideration we need model
of physical training characteristics of the military higher educational establishments future students as the base for improving the process of training for the entrance exams.
This research work is urgent as nowadays there is sufficiently low level of physical training in the candidates, who try to enter military higher educational establishments of the Ministry of Defense and Russian Guard [6,9].
The aim of the present research work was physical training estimation among the future cadets in the dynamics since 2015 till 2020 by the example of Perm Military Institute of National Guard of the Russian Federation (Perm, Russia).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The held scientific-methodical sources analysis concerning the questions of physical training in the future cadets of military higher educational establishments, the final protocols of entrance tests analysis during 2015-2020 on the basis of Perm Military Institute of the Russian Federation National Guard. The results of the normative demands of physical training fulfillment were analyzed taking into account the indices of test exercises, such as pull-up, 100 meters running, 3000 meters running [4].
In Physical training manual in National Guard of the Russian Federation, adopted by the order of the Federal Service Director of the Russian Federation National Guard on March, 29, 2018 No 100, there are demands concerning physical training process organization among the audience of military higher educational establishments and the instructions concerning the demands claimed on their fulfillment.
Table 1 presents a normative evaluation scale of physical training in the future cadets of military higher educational establishments of National Guard of the Russian Federation.
Table 1 - Physical training normatives among military Institute applicants
Exercise (unit) Mark
Excellent Good Satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Pull-up at a high bar (quantity) 9 7 >7
100 meters running (sec.) 13,6 14,2 14,8 >14,8
3 km running (min., sec.) 12,00 12,45 13,30 >13,30
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Military specialty is characterized by high level of motor activity, high level of intellectual activity. It demands maximal mobilization of physical and functional abilities, strength, quickness and endurance. Varied content of physical training programs at higher educational establishments demands a complex development of physical qualities. It is achieved by pre-Institute many-sided physical training.
It is a well-known fact that the level of the main physical qualities demonstration, such as strength, quickness and endurance, has a direct influence on all sides of cadets' training level.
During professional activity military men face the necessity to solve different non-standard problems in terms of strictly limited time of the action. It undoubtedly, is accompanied by considerable nervous-psychic and physical tension. This situation means high demands claimed on psychic-physical state of an organism and the level of military men's physical training. Apart from that, in terms of military activity military men can face the necessity to use hand-to-hand combat techniques in an entire military outfit; shoot being under the influence of various factors; orient oneself on the territory, use materials at hand analyze quickly and estimate the situations, have psychological struggle and be able to control extreme situation, make
psychological pressure on an opponent, be brave enough, have self-control, be attentive and etc. [2,3].
There are 6 faculties at Perm Military Institute of National Guard of the Russian Federation. Additionally entrance physical training exams in a form of physical exercises fulfillment are organized in order to achieve the result. It is estimated according to the normative indices of point system.
The amount of vacant places for teaching future cadets increased from 212 till 271 places in 2020. In order to estimate physical readiness of the future cadets at a higher educational establishment we chose the following marks of normative demands fulfillment: "excellent", "good" and "satisfactory", excluding "unsatisfactory" mark.
The held quality analysis of normative demands fulfillment according to physical readiness tests in the future cadets helps to get new results for the technology creation of adaptive processes planning and effectiveness increase to various physical loads.
The results of the entrance physical training exams among the applicants, who enter Perm Military Institute of National Guard, are presented in table 2.
Testing exercises Mark Years of research
2015 n=i98 2016 n=200 2017 n=210 2018 n=200 2019 n=235 2020 n=220
Pull-up at a high bar, quantity Excellent 65,60% 70% 68,09% 60% 42,55% 40,91%
Good 31,30% 20,5% 24,28% 30% 38,29% 40,91%
Satisfactory 4,0% 9,5% 7,63% 10% 19,16% 18,18
Table 2 - Results of entrance physical training exams of the future cadets of Perm Military Institute of National Guard of the Russian Federation during the period since 2015 till 2020 (in %)
100 meters running, seconds Excellent 60,60% 50,00% 47,63% 59,00% 50,21% 44,54%
Good 20,20% 25,00% 30,95% 29,00% 24,68% 44,54%
Satisfactory 19,2% 25,00% 21,42% 12,00% 25,11% 11,00%
3000 meters running, minutes Excellent 39,89% 49,50% 41,42% 39,00% 32,76% 32,72%
Good 36,36% 28,50% 38,08% 45,00% 55,31% 50,00%
Satisfactory 23,75% 22,00% 20,50% 16,00% 11,93% 17,28%
Table 2 presents that the future cadets of military higher educational establishment have different degree of strength, quickness and endurance. People, who have an excellent level of strength indices, demonstrate the average level of quickness and endurance. It means low level of the future cadets' functional abilities demonstration. High level of all three physical qualities indirectly characterizes volitional qualities demonstration of the future cadets in such extreme conditions, as an exam.
Physical readiness estimation among the future cadets in dynamics of several years showed that from year to year there were changes in the ratio percentage of power, quickness and endurance level.
In 2015 physical training exams results among the future cadets without taking into consideration non-satisfactory results were the following: pull-up at a high bar- "Excellent" mark received 65,60%, "Good" mark - 31,30%; "satisfactory" - 4,0%: 100 meters running-"Excellent" mark received 60,60%, "Good" mark received - 20,20%; "Satisfactory" - 19,2%; 3000 meters running - "Excellent" mark received 39,89%, "Good" mark received - 36,36%; "Satisfactory" mark received - 23,75%.
The results of the entrance physical training exams among the future cadets of Perm Military Institute of National Guard of the Russian Federation in 2016 were the following: pull-up at a high bar - "Excellent" mark received 70%, "good" mark received- 20,5%; "Satisfactory" mark received- 9,5%: 100 meters running- "Excellent" mark received- 50,00%, "Good" mark received -25,00%; "Satisfactory" mark received - 25,00%; in 3000 meters running - "Excellent" mark received 49,50%, "Good" mark received - 28,50%;
"Satisfactory" mark received - 22,00%. We underline the increase of the future cadets amount, who have "Excellent" mark in testing exercises for strength and general endurance demonstration.
In 2017 and 2018 physical training tests overcoming by the future cadets not taking into account non-satisfactory results were the following: pull-up at a high bar - "Excellent" mark received 68,09% and 60%, "Good" mark received - 24,28% and 30%; "Satisfactory" mark received - 7,63% and 10%. In power oriented exercises we see the amount of the future cadets increase, who have "Good" and "Satisfactory" marks, owing to the amount of people increase with "Excellent" mark. It means that motor abilities of the applicants depend on the initial level of a complex readiness. Cadets' power oriented abilities increase influences quickness indices. In test exercise "100 meters running". It characterizes quickness and speed abilities demonstration, we see the amount of the future cadets increase. They received "Excellent" mark - 47,63% and 59,00%; 30,95% and 29,00% have "Good" mark; "Satisfactory" mark have - 21,42% and 12,00%. In comparison with the last years we see an even dynamics in strength, quickness and endurance change.
In 3000 meters running the received results in the future cadets were the following: "Excellent" mark received 41,42% and 39,00%, "Good" mark -38,08% and 45,00%; "Satisfactory" mark - 20,50% and 16,00 % in terms of the considered years of study.
The indices results in physical training tests estimation in 2019 and 2020 revealed the level of power, quickness and endurance decrease in the future cadets. Conversations with physical culture specialists showed that the development level of modern schoolchildren's physical qualities in motor
actions depends on their complex demonstration and on the range of technical motor actions.
It is a well-known fact that motor qualities are ambiguously connected with each other. The specialists in sports training mentioned that speed power increase is accompanied by considerable quickness of movements increase with maximal dynamic power demonstration (sprint).The indices of static power are directed only toward maximal dynamic power increase, but not toward speed power and quickness increase. It is seen in 100 meters running.
It means that the future cadets training using monotonous power oriented exercises, directed toward the power of the upper shoulder girdle increase, can't influence quickness indices in 100 meters running, as for this purpose it is necessary to develop speed-power oriented abilities with the help of jumping exercises. That is why there is the amount of the future cadets decrease. They have "Excellent" mark in the results of physical training tests in 2019 and 2020.
In 2019 physical training tests among the future cadets had the following results: pull-up at a high bar- "Excellent" mark received 42,55%, "Good" mark received 38,29%; "Satisfactory" mark received 38,29%; 100 meters running - "Excellent" mark received 50,21%, "Good" mark received 24,68%; "Satisfactory" mark received 25,11%; 3000 meters running- "Excellent" mark received 32,76%, "Good" mark received 55,31%; "Satisfactory" mark received
11,93%.
In 2020 the results didn't change significantly: pull-up at a high bar- "Excellent" mark received 40,91%, "Good" mark received 40,91%; "Satisfactory" mark received 18,18%; 100 meters running- "Excellent" mark received 44,54%, "Good" mark received 44,54%; "Satisfactory" mark received 11,00%; 3000 meters running - "Excellent" mark received 32,72%, "Good" mark received 50,00%; "Satisfactory" mark received 17,28%.
Thus, entrance exams results dynamics analysis in the future cadets of Perm Military Institute of National Guard of the Russian Federation in physical training showed that on the one hand, it is necessary to create physical training program for the future cadets of military higher educational
establishments, taking into account the specificity of educational establishment, on the other hand, there is the necessity to fulfill the definite physical training loads in order to achieve necessary response reaction of an organism to the load. Stereotyped training of cadets for normative demands fulfillment in order to improve the effectiveness in each test exercise, not always leads to the desired results, as there is no control and taking into account adaptive processes of an organism. They would provide complex physical qualities demonstration during physical exercise fulfillment.
It leads to the necessity to use the means of physical working capacity increase in the applicants before the state exams, in particular offering the future cadets of military higher educational establishments the technology of physical training, taking into account the ratio of pedagogical and technological indices.
The technology of physical training adaptive processes control, realized with the help of various exercises, is characterized by the following:
- taking into account the initial level of physical qualities demonstration;
- taking into account contractile force of muscles;
-the intensity and duration of physical exercises fulfillment;
- taking into account the interval and duration of rest and rehabilitation;
- the amount of repetitions
- interval between the trainings.
CONCLUSION
Thus, according to the results of physical readiness estimation in the future cadets of military higher educational establishment in the dynamics of several years was conditioned by the necessity to take into account such physical training objectives, as a complex development of physical qualities; planning exercises, directed toward the power of the main muscle groups increase; the quickness of muscle groups increase owing to aerobic abilities of quick muscle fibers; the speed of running increase at the level of anaerobic threshold; replication of the complex lessons fulfillment increase. They are directed toward quickness, power and endurance
development; coordinating training inclusion as a connecting part between quickness, power and endurance demonstration.
The results of physical readiness analysis show general endurance, speed and power oriented qualities decrease in the applicants according to the years of entrance. It means the necessity to correct the content, form and methods of physical training civilian of youth during studying at secondary educational establishments.
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Submitted: 12.02.2021 Author's information:
Ildus G. Gibadullin - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor; M.T. Kalashnikov State Technical University, Izhevsk, 426000, Russia, Izhevsk, Studencheskaya str., House 67, e-mail: [email protected] Azat F. Khuzin - Graduate Student, Chaikovskiy State Institute of Physical Culture, 426000, Russia, s. Chaikovsky, Lenina str.,House 67, e-mail: [email protected]*
