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1PHYSICAL PREPARATION OF STUDENTS WHO RUN SHORT DISTANCE IN THE TRAINING GROUP (in the example of the girls)
UTAYEV ZAFAR
Samarkand State University, Uzbekistan
Abstract. The article studies the experiences of leading scientists on the physical training of short-distance runners (girls) of the training group. Preliminary results of research on the physical training of short-distance runners of the training group in running at distances of 30-60-100-200400 meters are determined. Specific recommendations are given for improving the physical training of short-distance runners. Preliminary results of research were also obtained for general physical training, taking into account their physical training in the training system for short-distance runners. Necessary suggestions are given for the correct planning of training sessions, the correct distribution of load ratios.
Keywords: sprinter, training, frequency, experience, reaction, load, physical training, strength, start, result, planning, method, technique.
Introduction
Currently, a number of scientific research works are being conducted in leading countries of the world on the training of sprinters, their selection for sprinting, orientation to a narrow specialization, planning and management of annual and multi-year training sessions organized with them. Of particular importance is the effective establishment of sports schools. The teaching of athletics, along with many other sports, in sports schools and the high desire of young people to engage in this sport require further improvement of training [1,2]. In addition, a number of scientific studies are being conducted on the use of tools and methods aimed at developing physical fitness in training sessions organized with them, the use of tactical methods for qualifying technical and tactical training, and improving their psychofunctional state. However, today, it is precisely the issues of training a reserve of highly qualified athletes that are one of the urgent tasks facing scientists around the world [3].
Resulta and discussion
The physical fitness of the trainees of the training group, who run short distances, occurs as a result of the correct distribution of sports training. For this, first of all, good functioning of the cardiovascular, respiratory and central nervous systems and the proportionality of the body structure are of great importance. In order to determine this condition of the athletes and assess the level of their preparation, we conducted a special functional test and assessed their level of readiness for the load and their ability to recover using various modern equipment. Many scientists have conducted scientific research on the development of physical fitness of short-distance runners and their preparation for sports competitions at different stages. In particular, V.B. Zelichenok and others conducted research on the development of model indicators of special physical fitness of short-distance runners (100-200 m) by age group.
We studied the physical fitness of female sprinters in order to determine the indicators given by co-authors V.B. Zelichenok, V.N. Nikitushkin, and V.P. Gubalar[4].
Table 1
Number Name 30 m. prestart running 30 m. running 60 m. running 100 m. running 150 m. running 200 m. running 400 m. running
1 M. M. 4,39 4,56 8,31 14,01 20,23 29,67 72,8
2 R. M. 4,67 4,96 9,12 14,79 22,19 30,08 74,9
3 M. U. 4,59 4,71 9,02 14,61 21,28 29,78 73,8
4 A. R. 4,89 5,12 9,13 15,02 23,11 31,11 75,9
5 Sh. M. 4,93 5,09 9,78 14,94 22,98 31,04 71,1
6 T. O'. 4,91 4,98 9,71 15,00 23,38 30,13 74,7
7 A. S. 4,87 5,03 9,00 15,38 23,36 31,98 75,6
8 O. M. 4,83 5,00 9,01 15,31 23,48 30,96 75,2
9 K. U. 4,92 5,14 9,65 14,96 22,91 31,24 77,3
10 K. R. 5,00 5,26 9,74 15,36 23,10 31,93 78,1
11 S. B. 5,01 5,19 9,19 15,74 23,71 31,16 78,3
12 J. Sh. 4,96 5,26 9,11 14,90 22,95 31,45 72,9
13 M. S. 4,93 5,06 9,09 14,87 22,94 30,93 71,2
14 E. U. 4,88 5,09 9,05 14,19 22,89 30,91 72,4
15 OA. 4,86 4,99 8,93 15,06 23,13 31,59 75,1
х 4,84 5,03 9,19 14.9 22,8 30.9 74,6
о 0,17 0,19 0,39 0,44 0,91 0,72 2,27
The experimental group of the test subjects returned the following results at the beginning of the study on the level of physical fitness of the short-distance runners of the training group. According to it, to determine the quality of speed and strength, we used the 30-meter pre-start running test. The average result of the short-distance runners of the training group participating in the study in the 30-meter pre-start running was 4.84±0.17 s. In the 30-meter run from the lower start, the test subjects recorded an average result of 5.03±0.19 s., while in the 60-meter run from the lower start, the average result of the short-distance runners of the training group in this distance, which represents the speed and strength of the short-distance runners of the training group, was 9.19±0.39 s. In the 100-meter dash, the athletes from the training group recorded a result of 14.9±0.44 seconds.
The average result of the athletes of the training group in the 150-meter run in determining the speed-strength endurance was 22.8±0.91 seconds.
The average time of the athletes of the training group in the 200-meter run in determining the speed-strength and endurance quality was 30.09±0.72 seconds. The average time of the athletes of the training group in the 400-meter run in determining the speed-strength and endurance quality was 74.6±2.27 seconds.
Table 2
Dynamics of physical fitness indicators of the experimental group before the study
Number Name Long-jump Triple long jump Five step long jump Throwing a 3 kg ball forward from behind the head (cm) 100-meter hop (times) Step frequency (times) in 20 s while standing Step frequency (times) per minute while standing Sit-up with a 40 kg barbell
1 M. M. 203 511 892 611 55 66 167 15
2 R. M. 198 494 866 549 59 59 162 14
3 M. U. 201 498 857 613 57 67 166 14
4 A. R. 191 469 839 518 54 62 160 13
5 Sh.M. 187 473 838 524 58 57 163 12
6 T. O'. 180 465 834 428 56 59 156 12
7 A. S. 200 488 860 519 57 56 159 14
8 O. M. 197 483 826 524 57 60 157 13
9 K. U. 199 459 821 516 58 54 162 11
10 K. R. 171 467 841 521 56 55 158 11
11 S. B. 176 459 819 498 59 54 164 14
12 J. Sh. 184 466 816 546 57 59 162 15
13 M. S. 188 461 831 549 56 61 157 14
14 E. U. 201 459 826 496 55 58 163 13
15 O.A. 185 486 865 529 58 56 160 13
х 190, 7 475,9 842,1 529,4 56,8 58,9 161,1 13,2
G 10,1 16,43 21,59 44,42 1,47 3,93 3,31 1,26
The results of the standing long jump test, conducted to determine explosive speed and power, were 190.7±10.1 cm. The average result was 475.9±16.43 cm in the standing three-point jump, and 842.1±21.59 cm in the five-point jump (which determines the level of development of fast explosive power). In the next control exercise, namely, in the study of throwing a 3 kg ball forward with both hands above the head, the athletes of the training group recorded a result of 529.4±44.42 cm. In the next test control, aimed at determining the length of steps by jumping from foot to foot at a distance of 100 meters, the athletes of the training group recorded a result of 56.8±1.47 times. Standing for 20 s. In the control test to determine the number of repetitions of the step frequency during the training group, the athletes of the training group showed a result of 59.8±3.93 times. In the next test to determine the number of steps in a standing position for 1 minute, the trainees of the training group recorded a result of 161.1±3.31 times. In the test aimed at determining the level of development of the quality of strength, namely, in the control exercise of squatting with a 40 kg barbell, we can see from the results of the study that the trainees of the training group squatted with a barbell an average of 13.2±1.26 times.
Conclusion
The results of the study on the physical fitness of the training group of short-distance runners (girls) allowed us to draw the following conclusions.
The study on the physical fitness of short-distance runners (girls) suggests that it is necessary to monitor the functional state of the athletes' body during this intense load, including the number of steps, the distance covered, and the reaction of the cardiovascular system to it, dividing the above
distances into details and monitoring the results of each of them separately, their achievements and shortcomings.
In this regard, it is necessary to organize individual conversations with athletes on the growth and shortcomings of their results in each detail. By providing athletes with information on their results in each detail, functional states of the heart rate, and keeping them under control, it serves to improve the results of athletes.
Achieving high sports results in short-distance running is mainly based on their physical fitness, with stride frequency and length being important factors. Improving the results obtained in the remaining general physical fitness shown in the table above serves to strengthen the physical capabilities of female short-distance runners.
REFERENCES
1. Tudor O. Bompa., Carlo A. Buzzichelli. Periodization. Theory and methodology of training. Six edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2019. p. 381.
2. Nikitushkin V.G. Kompleksnbiy kontrol v podgotovke yunbix sportsmenov: monografiya / V.G.Nikitushkin. - M.: Fiz. kultura, 2010. - 208 s.
3. Olimov M.S., Soliyev I.R., Haydarov B.Sh. Sport pedagogik maxoratini oshirish. -Toshkent, 2017.
4. To'xtaboyev N.T., Shakirjanova K.T., Soliyev I.R. Qisqa masofaga yugurish. O'quv qo'llanma. - T.: 2017 yil. 186 b.
