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Physical fitness of preschool educational institutions children of Uzbekistan
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Basharova Laylo Maratovna, Research institute of sanitation, hygiene and occupational diseases of Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
E-mail: [email protected]
Physical fitness of preschool educational institutions children of Uzbekistan
Abstract: 3112 children at the age of 5 and 6 years which are brought up in preschool educational institutions of Tashkent city, 3 areas of the republic (Tashkent, Navoy, Surkhandarya) and Karakalpakstan have been examined. Indicators of physical readiness of children by results of 8 control tests have been studied. The average rates testing results are depended on age, sex and the residence region: at children from 5 to 6 years improvement of physical fitness was observed; the number of boys who could not execute test physical exercises, was almost in 10 times more, than their contemporaries; the highest rates of physical fitness were observed among preschool children of Tashkent city, the lowest — among children of Karakalpakstan. Keywords: children from 3 to 6 years preschool educational institutions, physical fitness.
In the Uzbekistan Republic is worked specially developed training programs on physical training intended for children of different age groups. Results of scientific works of the republic scientists are evidenced by some types of exercises the control standards for physical training expounding in the training program are exceed the level of the actual average indicators of physical fitness of the children who are engaged in the main group of physical training [1, 26]. Organized and free motion activity are effected on development and improvement of physical qualities, improvement of the children's health, including enhancement cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems of activity, strengthening of the locomotive system, improving of a metabolism, resistance upgrading to diseases and mobilization of protective forces of an organism [3, 51-54; 4, 51-53; 5, 4-9; 6, 2492-2495].
Goal: to reveal features of physical fitness of 5 and 6 years old children, living in the Uzbekistan and scientifically substantiate the
efficiency of implementation developed complex of physical exercises.
Materials and methods researches. It has been surveyed children who are brought up in preschool educational institutions of Tashkent city, Tashkent, Navoiy and Surkhandarya areas of the republic and Karakalpakstan. In total were examined 3112 children, including 1651 boys and 1461 girls. The amount of 5 and 6 years children were almost the same.
Physical fitness level of children has been estimated by 8th control tests results which have been included such exercises as: lifting ofdirect close feet to vertical level from the state "lying on a back, hands behind the head" and releasing them to a floor (times); skipping rope in 30 seconds (times); hoop rotation round a waist in one minute (time); a throw of a tennis ball (5 efforts) in the purpose (basket) located at 6 m distance from the child (times); long jumps from a place (cm); jogging on 30 meters distance (s); chinning up in hanging on high (boys) and low (girl) crossbeams (times); bouncing on a foot in 30 seconds (times).
Section 6. Medical science
For the approbation of the developed exercises' set on physical training has been carried out during a year (from April, 2013 to March, 2014) 5 years old children were selected: 25 boys and 25 girls (a main group). The control group which included 75 boys and 70 girls has been created for comparative of physical fitness. By the end of researches, the number of children have been decreased by 14,4% in virtue ofvarious reasons (in general, residence moving, transfer to other educational institutions, refusal parents of visited by the child of PEI).
All digital material has been input in specially developed charts. The data are processed with a glance to sex and age of children. In all procedures of the statistical analysis the critical significance value was accepted in P<0,05.
As criteria of an assessment of efficiency measures holding during a year in preschool educational institutions has been displayed the indicators of increment value of control tests results in comparison with basic data served.
There were signed the voluntary informed consent before approbation developed complex of physical training by parents of the examined children.
Results and discussion. Results testing quantities are revealed the highest rates of physical fitness have been observed at 5 and 6 years preschool children of Tashkent; the lowest indicators have been noted among the children who are brought up in preschool educational institutions of Karakalpakstan, Navoiy and Surkhan-darya areas; indicators of children of the Tashkent area were intermediate. Physical exercises, such as, skipping rope, hoop rotation round a waist, chinning up on a crossbeam and a throw of a tennis ball in the purpose were awkward, especially for preschool children of Karakalpakstan and the surveyed republic areas. Those children in Tashkent city have been met nearly 2,2 times less.
The number of boys, who couldn't execute these tests exercises, was almost in 10 times more, than girls.
Ranges of annual gain rates of control tests results were at children ranging from 1,1 to 150%. Depending on the gain value an each range was divided into 3 levels: the low — to 7,3%, the average — from 7,4 to 35,6% and the high — was higher than 35,7%.
Among all surveyed contingent of children, it was not depended on the residence region, the gain rates of results as long jumps from a place and jogging on 30 m, chinning up on a foot and lifting of feet, were low because of the gain value these exercises results in ages from 5 till 6 years has been made less than 7%. Among the examined children of both sexes, it was not depended on the residence region, annual gain rates of control exercises results were high on
skipping rope, hoop rotation, a ball throwing in the purpose, and at girls — also on chinning up in hanging. Therefore, in the interval age from 5 to 6 years at children of both sexes is noted the accelerated development of such physical qualities as coordination and speed of motions, dexterity, accuracy and measurement by eye, and girls in addition — force and power endurance of muscles of the superior shoulder girdle.
Among children of the main group, we approved the exercises set on physical training that aimed at the development of physical qualities of a children's organism which the basic regulations are reflected in the information and methodical letter [2, 8]. Basic data of physical fitness, at selected for approbation 5 years old children of the main group and pupils of control group of has not been reliable distinctions.
5 years age girls of the main and control groups, in comparison with boys, had authentically more good results (P<0,05-0,001) on the 4 of 8 test exercises (skipping rope, hoop rotation, chinning up on a crossbeam and bouncing up on a foot).
After a year implementing a physical exercises complex, it has been revealed that all results at children of the main group are improved, but at authentically significant rates (P<0,05-0,001) on 5 of 8 tests: lifting of feet (the gain at boys is made 15,3%, girls have been 14,4%), skipping rope (a gain — 85,7 and 46,9%), hoop rotation (a gain — 100 and 48%), a ball throwing in the purpose (a gain — 80 and 69,2%), jogging on 30 meters distance (the gain was at boys and girls of 6,6 and 6,3% — respectively). It is established the gain rates of testing results occurring for a year at boys are higher, than at their contemporaries.
Also in control group at children of both sexes have been observed a positive age dynamics, i. e. at 6 ages the studied indicators were higher, but authentically significant differences (P<0,05-0,001) are revealed only on the 3 indicators: boys — lifting of feet, a ball throwing, jogging on 30 m distance; girls — lifting of feet, throwing of a ball and chinning up.
As a result of implementation of the physical exercises complex, nearly 100% of girls of the main group have been coped with awkward control tests. Whereas the number of those boys of the main group, depending on a type of exercise, were from 72,7 to 100%.
Conclusion. The received results were appeared a basis to consider carrying out during a year the complex of physical exercises in preschool educational institutions has been considerable impacted on the physical fitness level of advanced preschool age children and will be allowed first graders in the future to fulfill requirements imposed by the training program on physical training at school.
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2. Basharova L. M., 2013. «Complex of physical exercises and respiratory gymnastics for preschool educational institutions children», Inform. - method. letter. - Tashkent. P. 8.
3. Berezina N. O. «Hygienic aspects of physical fitness testing of 4-7 years children», 2005, Hygiene and sanitation, Moskva, Vol. 2. P. 51-54.
4. Bosenko A. I. «Age features of a control system of the movements by younger school age children», 2001, Hygiene and sanitation., Moskva, Vol. 4. P. 51-53.
5. Emelyanchik E. U. «Influence of the active motive mode on a functional condition of cardiovascular system and vegetative regulation at preschool children», 2003. Pediatrics. J. named G. N. Speransky, Moskva, Vol. 2. P. 4-9.
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