CC BY
13
DOI 10.14526/01_1111_162
PHYSICAL CULTURE AS THE METHOD OF EDUCATION QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT
Svetlana A. Fazleeva - senior lecturer, Valeriy D. Panachev — doctor of sociology, professor Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29, Komsomol prospect, Perm, 614990, Russia
E-mail: lopatina.pstu@mail.ru
Annotation. Personality based approach gives an opportunity to improve the qualification of a definite teacher. The methods to realize it, which help to get acquainted with a teacher's personality, his restrictions and opportunities, are of physical culture methods, which are oriented not only at a definite person's physical fitness improvement and preservation, but also at his psycho-emotional sphere. Materials. The effectiveness study of physical culture method in the system of qualification improvement of the teaching staff by the example of joint gymnastics use, the easiness estimation of mastering the created complex and the duration of this system use. Research methods: scientific and methodological literature analysis and summarizing, pedagogical observation, method of physical load with the help of joint gymnastics. Results. Increasing own personal level and the level of own professional competencies physical culture teacher increases the quality of professional education of the whole teaching staff. Conclusion. The quality of education improvement among the teachers of higher educational establishments is an urgent problem, which is connected with the difficulties of organizational and scientific-practical character during its realization. Keywords: qualification improvement, physical load, complex of exercises.
Introduction: Continuity and interconnection of all processes in an organism is a determinant of all theories about a man and his characteristics in all life spheres. It is impossible to judge a person and his characteristics dealing only with the actions of his physical body and not taking into consideration the actions of his psychic mindsets, socially important actualizations and medical- biological part, which includes the structure of an organism and its functions. If the structure of body is comparatively stable, though it changes during a person's life, functional state of an organism is also plastic and variable, like life itself.
As the success of education is determined by operative and reliable information about a student's achievements in educational activity, the quality of education management is achieved by means of the effectiveness increase of control and quality of training estimation [1].
For an optimal functioning and effective life activity of an individual in society, which is constantly accompanied by adaptive reactions and adaptive responses formation, the whole content of upbringing is based on psychophysiological processes [2].
Professional activity of a teacher provides the ability to communicate as one of the main characteristics of a trainer's personality, which is necessary for a successful educational-training and upbringing work organization [4]. Among great amount of demands, made on an individual during the process of professional training and conditioned by the necessity to control constantly psycho-emotional and physical state, a high level of dynamic character of physiological processes in an organism [6] there are demands, which were not taken into consideration during earlier research works fulfillment.
Watching the listeners of the courses, we can come to the conclusion, that physical
culture methods introduction into the system of qualification improvement of pedagogical stuff, even if they are optional, is very important [9]: physical culture methods use as an optional course in terms of the cycle of qualification improvement of the teaching staff increases loyalty of teachers concerning education or re-education [5,13], which is an urgent problem, as 96% of teachers have low level of motivation to courses of qualification improvement, education or re-education.
The aim of this research work is studying the question of physical culture method effectiveness in the system of qualification improvement of a teaching staff by the example of joint gymnastics, the easiness estimation of mastering the created complex and the duration of this system use estimation (by teachers).
The objectives of the research included the estimation of the factors, which influence a positive mindset formation among teachers to gymnastic exercises organization and fulfillment, criteria analysis and determination, according to which it is necessary to create a complex of physical exercises, the complex of exercises description and its effectiveness estimation.
Research methods and research organization:
This work is an intermediate stage of the research, which is supposed to last 6 months.
Being based on scientific-practical experience [11] and the literature [3,10] teachers, who had earlier taken part in the research, held in terms of optional physical culture lessons during the courses of qualification improvement [8], education or reeducation, were offered a course, which helped to master their achievements in physical fitness and keeping the level of their health state satisfactory. As the teachers, who had earlier taken part in the research, attended optional physical culture lessons, which were free, they were offered a course of gymnastic exercises, which was maximum available for all teachers and had generally health-improving and health supporting effect.
The observation was held after the previous research work organization [9], among the same teachers, who agreed to continue gymnastic exercises fulfillment form specially created for them complex of joint gymnastics.
The teachers were offered a complex of health-improving exercises, based on joint loads involvement, which include all groups of muscles and all main joints. The exercises fulfillment of joint gymnastics for teachers, who took part in the previous research, was recommended twice a day in the morning and in the evening during 6 months in order to keep the received results, physical and psychological ones, then with the fulfillment of these exercises once a day, but with the opportunity to correct this system of exercises in accordance with personal demands (physical, psychological and social).
The criteria of the complex creation can be divided into groups, corresponding to the aspects of life, which they concern, that is why groups of medical, biological, pedagogical, social criteria are determined, which include physiological basis (typical to this category of people in general) and individual, which are conditioned by individual peculiarities, including gender, anthropometric and age-related ones [11,12].
Taking into consideration different age of teachers, who formed one group or one cycle of qualification improvement courses, education or re-education, it will be necessary to orient at involvement of people with different degree of functional abilities, different sports readiness and different training level into the process of relief with the help of physical exercises. Undoubtedly, such kind of aspects form the necessity to take into consideration pedagogical criteria during the complex of physical exercises creation, which is conditioned by the range of pedagogical demands [7]:
1) for the teachers with different degree of readiness it is necessary to give an opportunity to learn this complex easily;
2) provide the opportunity to held self-control over the accuracy of exercises fulfillment;
3) any complex of exercises, created for independent use by teachers, should include the elements of aerobic-anaerobic orientation;
4) the created complex should build power lines of the body according to the main supporting structures of an organism, harmonizing the work of muscular-joint apparatus in general, involving each element of locomotor apparatus with the stress on big and small joints, taking into consideration teachers' hypodynamic way of life, who have to spend a lot of time sitting at the table and before the computer;
5) a complex of exercises should be directed at adaptation level increase, having the training effect for all organs and systems of organs, placing the organism at a new level, for harmonious activity of an organism provision in general;
6) to place an organism at a new functional level by means of general sports readiness increase;
7) the used complex of sports exercises shouldn't be restricted according to the force of the training influence, but on the contrary, during its long-term use it is necessary to provide free-limit character of its training effect.
Taking into consideration real aspects of personal-orienting approach to education and re-education of teachers it is reasonable to create special approaches to the criteria of physical exercises selection, which will be used optionally for teachers' psycho-emotional tension ease, who go through the course of qualification improvement, education or reeducation [8].
Taking into consideration age-related peculiarities of teachers and the diseases and injuries, which could restrict the use of this complex of exercises and also taking into consideration medical indices or contraindications, concerning this complex of exercises fulfillment, created complex of exercises should include the following medical-biological aspects:
1. A system influence on the organs of blood circulation, central and peripheral ones, activating capillary circulation, including vital organs, which finally influences cognitive functions of the central nervous system.
2. Favorable influence on locomotor apparatus, taking into consideration the fact that 95% of teachers have different degree of dorsopathy and arthropathy, which influence their motional activity, decreasing it during several years and it leads to chronic character of locomotor apparatus diseases and general health state worsening.
3. General health-improving and health supporting effect.
4. The elements of osteopathy for muscular-tonic dysfunctions correction.
5. Respiratory exercises, which provide metabolism activation, which leads to metabolic processes activation and toxins excretion.
6. Excretion processes in an organism activation, including digestive tract, urinary system functioning, purgative functions of skin and respiration.
For the effective use of exercises the complex it is necessary to take into consideration social-psychologic factors while creating it, among which the main are the following:
1. Universality in use (the opportunity to hold a gymnastic complex anywhere, even the teacher is in an official journey).
2. The opportunity to fulfill the complex independently in any body position (lying, sitting, standing), taking into consideration the peculiarities of teachers' professional activity.
3. No need for special equipment, free of charge.
4. Universality for people from different social layers.
5. Taking into consideration integral laws of psychophysics.
6. Cognitive abilities of an organism increase.
7. State of health, activity, mood indices improvement at the end of this complex fulfillment.
8. Motivation to fulfill these exercises in the future.
9. The opportunity to modify the complex depending on personal needs of a personality.
When a teacher stops fulfilling this complex or its separate elements he shouldn't have a negative effect of cancellation, as it can return an organism to a lower psychophysical functional level, than before the use of the complex.
Results and their discussion:
The results of the fulfilled work concerning the criteria of physical exercises selection estimation became the complex of health-improving exercises, which is described further.
A complex of health-improving exercises
The position, which is the initial for all movements, is the standard approach to any physical exercise fulfillment from gymnastics. Standing on a plane surface, standing barefoot on the floor or ground, it is necessary to take a steady position in space. It is provided by a parallel placement of feet on the surface, taking into consideration the outer edge of a foot, which is accompanied by the feeling of being splay-footed and at the initial stages of the lessons causes some discomfort in a teacher's body and in his cognition. In case of such position legs are placed in a way when feet are under hip joints. Such kind of position in space provides relief of usually tense parts of the body, some joints and power lines of a body. Redistribution of the load from the force of gravity of own body and relief of usually tense zones and muscles is accompanied by the feeling of slight discomfort. While using this complex of exercises more harmonious muscular activity for this individual is formed, earlier common and steady poses and motional stereotypes become uncomfortable and
deforming. This the essence of the training effect of these physical exercises among teachers.
The initial pose is the following: feet are placed in some distance, approximately equal to the width of two feet, parallel to each other, with some splay-footed effect, not usual for an adult. In such a position feet are parallel to power lines of a ground, which places a person maximum tightly on the surface he is standing on, at the same time, the axis of a spine is even and harmonious and it helps all processes to be steady without any tension and stiffness. All movements are fulfilled slowly 9 times each.
1. "Roll-over". Take the initial position. The left leg is placed on toes. Making roll-over through the toes forward and back 9 times. The same is for the right leg. Standing still on the supporting leg. Stretch oneself up.
2. "High heel". Take the initial position. Lift the heel of the left leg, moving and feeling the load on toes. Lower the heel on the floor, fulfill 9 times for each leg. The supporting leg is straight. Stand straight.
3. "Ballet dancer". Take the initial position. The left leg is put back and aside on toes. Rolling the leg around the toehold, turn it in an ankle. 9 times in one direction and 9 times in the other. The same is for the right leg. Gradually achieve maximum amplitude, fulfill slowly, without feeling any pane.
4. "A gazing support". Take the initial position. To gaze steadily at something. To lift the left leg, supporting it with hands, the shin is put down. To turn the ankle 9 times in each direction. The same is for the right leg.
5. "Circles with the knees". Take the initial position. Legs are placed wider the shoulder length, feet are parallel. Bend, palms on the knees without any force. Knees fulfill circles of maximum possible amplitude. Turn inside 9 times, then outside 9 times.
6. "Scorpion". Take the initial position. Move the pelvis. Forward-back 9 times, to the right-to the left 9 times.
7. Take the initial position. Move the pelvis making circles, 9 times in each direction fulfilling maximum amplitude. Legs and body are straight.
8. "Small locomotive". Spinning shoulders forward and back 9 times in each direction.
9. Arabian dance. Take the initial position. Move the head not bending it, forward and back 9 times, to the right and to the left 9 times.
10. "Dripping". Take the initial position. Slowly bend forward, gradually relaxing all groups of muscles of a cervical part, then a thoracic part and lumbosacral part of a spinal cord. Straighten slowly, in reverse order. Fulfill 9 times.
11. "Melting ice-cream". Lie on a solid surface (floor). Relax the spine and all muscles. Feel warmth and heaviness in each muscle. 1-3 minutes.
12. Stretching. Lying bend the knees, clasp the knees with hands, head is slightly bent to knees. Not twisting the spine swing from right to left.
13. Rising. From the previous position the hands are put under the spine, closer to shoulder blades, (knees bent) relying on hands sit and then stand up.
Conclusion: Thus, the created complex of exercises of joint gymnastics for adults-teachers, specialists in different spheres, who go through the courses of qualification improvement, education or re-education, increases all kinds (inner and outer) of motivation to take this course and it has a positive influence on the quality of teaching, teacher's personality development in all aspects: physical, psychic, mental, intellectual, social and it influences the quality of education in general, increasing its effectiveness. During the estimation of this complex mastering 100% of teachers chose the answer "easy" (which was one of the main criteria during this complex of exercises creation), the duration of the recommendations on the use of this complex application and fulfillment had intermediate character, but when 90 days passed all teachers (100%), who took part in this research, have the desire to continue joint gymnastics, as they have a positive dynamics of health state, activity and mood.
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Svetlana A. Fazleeva - senior lecturer, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29, Komsomol prospect, Perm, 614990, Russia, E-mail: lopatina.pstu@mail.ru
Valeriy D. Panachev — doctor of sociology, professor Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29, Komsomol prospect, Perm, 614990, Russia
