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23PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WATERMELON AND MELON SEEDS, IMPORTANT IN PROCESSES OF THEIR PROCESSING
Derevenko. V.V.
Mirzoev G.Kh.
Karimova H.
Kuban State Technological University Technological University of Tajikistan Tajikistan, Dushanbe
ABSTRACT
For expansion of the range of vegetable oils of linoleic group development of technology and the equipment for processing of oilseeds of melon cultures with receiving valuable vegetable oil and fodder cake is actual. Therefore authentic data on the main properties of seeds are necessary. The main physic-mechanical properties of seeds of melon cultures of melon and water-melon are studied and generalized: the linear sizes, volume mass of seeds, weight are thousands of seeds, the mass of seeds, their corner of static friction, coefficient of external friction, specific work of destruction important at development of the capital and auxiliary processing equipment in processes of processing of seeds.
Keywords: melon cultures, linear sizes of seeds, static friction corner, mass of seeds, specific work of destruction.
Cultivation of melons, including various varieties of melon and watermelon is carried out practically on the whole territory of agricultural lands of Tajikistan. As is known, melons are a source for obtaining various foods and oil seeds. Melon melons are a delicious and useful dessert food, and seeds - waste. In the canning enterprises from the melons of melons you can make a fried puree, juice, candied fruits, jam, etc. [1]. By-products in the production of the above products are seeds that are not processed. However, it is possible to obtain valuable vegetable edible oil and cake from press seeds from oil seeds. From the cake you can get bold flour, used as an additive to food functional purpose [1].
Therefore, the actual task is the development of technology and technological equipment for the processing of seeds oil of melon crops with the production of vegetable oil and oilcake.
Reliable information on the main physical and mechanical properties of seeds, such as linear dimensions
Linear sizes of water
and shape, the bulk mass, the mass of thousands of seeds, is required for the development of the main and auxiliary technological equipment that implements this technology, intended for cleaning oil seeds from weeds, drying, calibrating and collapsing. , The coefficient of external friction, as well as information on the specific work of fracture.
To solve the problem, the main physical and mechanical properties of seeds of melons, melons and watermelon melons were studied experimentally [1 - 4] [5 -7]. In tables 1 and 2 shows the main physical and mechanical properties of pumpkin seeds of Muscatel and Fodder melon
Varieties "Asian oval" and watermelon variety "Astrakhan" harvest 2013, grown in Tajikistan, as well as varieties of melon «C. Edulis», «Egusi», «Sarakhi», grown in Africa and Asia.
Table 1.
melon seeds
Seed variety Linear dimensions, mm
length width thickness
Melon "Asian oval" 10,36- 14,35 4,58 - 6,16 1,11- 2,49
Melon «C. Edulis» [5] 14,50 8,47 2,49
Melon «Egusi» [6] 13,20 7,92 1,85
Melon «Sarakhi» [7] 15,62- 17,05 9,15-10,07 3,10-3,16
Watermelon "Astrakhan" 11,04-14,60 6,68-9,12 1,78-3,39
Table 2
Bulk weight, weight of thousands of seeds and the weight of individual watermelon and melon seedlings
Seed variety Humidity, % Volumetric weight, kg/m3 Weight thousands of seeds , kg Weight of individual achenes, gr
Melon "Asian oval" 5,3 412 54,14 0,03 - 0,08
Melon «C. Edulis» [5] 6,33 446 110,0 -
Melon «Egusi» [6] 7,11 414,0 95 -
Melon «Sarakhi» [7] 4,55- 45,22 337 - 540 - -
Watermelon "Astrakhan" 6,0 458 126,38 0,12 - 0,42
As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the basic physical and mechanical properties of seeds differ markedly for different grades of melons. Melon varieties grown in Africa and Asia have larger linear dimensions than the seeds of melon grown in Tajikistan, which is obviously associated with varietal characteris-
tics and natural climatic conditions of cultivation. In table 3 shows the values of the friction angle of the melon seeds and watermelon at rest, depending on their humidity on the following surfaces: iron, a screen with holes of 7 mm in diameter and a sieve with holes 4 mm in diameter.
Table 3
The values of the angle of friction of the rest of the watermelon and melon seeds, depending on their moisture
content
Seed variety Humidity, % Angle of friction of rest, 0
iron sieve d = 7mm sieve d = 4mm
Melon "Asian oval" 5,3 - 23,1 26,5 - 51,8 28,3 - 54,5 27,6 - 52,2
Melon «C. Edulis» [5] 6,25 36,0 - -
Melon «Egusi» [6] 7,11 23,7 - -
Melon «Sarakhi» [7] 4,55-45,22 17,12-30,57 - -
Watermelon "Astrakhan" 6,0 - 43,0 26,0 - 52,4 29,6 - 56,3 27,6 - 54,5
The values of coefficients of external friction of seeds of melons have been experimentally established according to a known method [8]. Dependence of coefficient of external friction of seeds fmp from their humidity W,% is approximated by a linear equation of the form
fTp = a^b •W
(1)
Where a and b are the coefficients of equation 1 (Table 4).
As can be seen when the moisture content of the seeds of melon crops increases, the coefficient of external friction increases, which is also characteristic for seeds of grain crops [9].
Table 4
Values of the coefficients in Equation 1 and the discrepancy between the experimental values of the coefficients
of external friction and calculated by the equation 1.
Seed variety type of surfaces Values Coefficients Discrepancy, ±%
a b
Melon "Asian oval" Iron 0,277 0,031 7,6
sieve d=7MM 0,481 0,025 4,7
sieve d=4 mm 0,426 0,026 4,7
Watermelon "Astrakhan" iron 0,356 0,021 8,3
sieve d=7MM 0,403 0,024 5,3
sieve d=4 mm 0,372 0,023 2,8
The average specific work of destruction of melon and watermelon seeds has been experimentally studied. The average specific work of destroying the seeds of watermelon and melon was determined according to a known method [10, 11].
Since during the collapse of the seeds of melons, external forces can act in different directions, we investigated the effects of dynamic loads directed to the seed in the "flat", "on the rib" and along the long axis until complete destruction.
The obtained experimental data on the specific work of destruction of a mixture of watermelon seeds
under dynamic destructive forces in the directions of three axes, depending on their moisture content, are well described by a third-degree polynomial [4] :
Ap = aW3 • bW2 •cW •d (2)
where Ap- average specific work of destroying the seeds of watermelon or melon, J/kg; W - seed humidity, % (for seeds watermelon W = 6,1 - 31,5 %, for seeds melon W = 5,6 - 28,6 %); a , b, c , d - coefficients whose values depend on the direction of the destructive forces (table 5).
Table 5
Coefficients for calculating the specific work of destruction of watermelon and melon seeds for various direc-_tions of dynamic loads._
Seeds Direction dynamic loads The values of the coefficients in equation 2 Discrepancies between experimental and calculated data,%
a b c d
Watermelon "Astrakhan" "flatways" 0,10 -7,75 162,4 363,61 2,0
"edgeways" 0,07 -5,73 124,3 503,14 2,3
Along the long axis 0,07 -6,10 132,32 428,51 3,1
melon varieties "flatways" 0 -1,74 50,78 371,1 6,1
Melon "Asian oval" and «Amiry» " edgeways " 0 -1,75 51,08 335,5 6,5
Along the long axis 0 -1,63 46,93 328,3 7,3
It is established that the experimental data on the specific work of destruction of the mixture of melon seeds of the variety "Asian oval" and mixtures of melon seeds of the "Amiry" variety, depending on their humidity, are described with sufficient accuracy for engineering calculations by a polynomial of the second degree, that is, in equation 2) the first term is zero [12].
The discrepancies between the values of the average specific work for the destruction of the mixture of watermelon seeds and the experimental data calculated by equation (2) do not exceed ± 3. 1%, and for the melon seed mixture no more than 7.3%, (Table 5). According to equation (2), the maximum average specific work of destruction of the commercial mixture of watermelon
110
seeds is determined, which corresponds to average moisture content of 15.8%, and for a mixture of melon seeds it is achieved at an average moisture content of 14.4%.
It should be noted that the specific work of destroying the seeds of watermelon is almost twice as high as the specific work of destroying melon seeds, and several times more than for sunflower seeds [10] and hemp [13], which is obviously associated with higher strength Characteristics of their fruit coat.
Figures 1 and 2 show the graphs of the average specific work of the destruction of watermelon and melon seeds at different positions of the achene relative to the destructive force.
1100
° 1050
8 1000
950
900
M 850
800
06 07 08 Fraction size, mi
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
1068
06 07 08 Fraction size, mm
1200
1000
800
600
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1021
873
834
06 07 08 Fraction size, mm
a) 6) e)
Figure 1
Average specific work of destruction offractions of watermelon seeds at the position of achenes in relation to the destructive force: a) "flat", b) "on the edge"; C) along the long axis
0
0
0
o ¿4
3
04 05
Fraction size, mm
Figure 2 - Average specific work of destruction offractions of melon seeds at the position of achene 's in relation to the destructive force: a) "flattened"; B) "on the edge "; C) along the long axis.
As can be seen from Figures 1 and 2, the minimum average specific destruction performance is achieved when the watermelon and melon seedlings are destroyed along their long axis. Therefore, it is advisable to calibrate the seeds of watermelon and melon and produce a separate crushing of the obtained seed fractions.
The obtained data on the main properties of melon seeds can be used in the design of equipment for their processing.
References
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