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10оказались эвритопные виды с широкой экологической амплитудой, встречающиеся в нескольких типах растительности, экологически лабильные, легко приспосабливающиеся к разным эдафотопам и обладающие высокой степенью конкурентоспособности [3, 5, 6].
Таким образом, установлена перспективность применения метода эколого-итродукционного анализа растений основных типов растительности Узбекистана как теоретической основы интродукции новых видов дикорастущих растений с целью дальнейшего рационального их использования и охраны растительных ресурсов природной флоры Узбекистана. Предложенный нами метод повышает результативность интродукционной инвентаризации флоры и увеличивает точность прогноза исхода интродукционных исследований в этом районе.
Выводы
Степень изменчивости признака облигатности или факультативности вида по отношению к эдафи-ческим факторам среды обитания, выявленные при интродукционных испытаниях, может использоваться при прогнозировании успешности результатов интродукционного эксперимента.
Определение прогноза успешности интродукции растений является важным элементом оценки результатов интродукционного эксперимента
Список литературы
1. Сулайманов Б., Теллаев Р., Худойберганов Н.: // Сборник материалов Международной научно-практической конференции. Ташкент, 2019. С. 396.
2. Вавилов Н.И. Избранные труды. В 5 т. Т. 5. Проблемы происхождения, географии, генетики, селекции растений и агрономии. М., Л.: Наука, 1965. 786 с.
3. Белолипов И.В. Интродукция травянистых растений природной флоры Средней Азии (Эко-лого-интродукционный анализ). Ташкент: ФАН, 1989. 152 с.
4. Красная книга Республики Узбекистан: Редкие и исчезающие виды растений и животных: в 2 т. Т. 1. Растения и грибы. Ташкент: Chinor ENK, 2009. 356 с.
5. Belolipov I.V., QarshiboevX.Q, Islamov A.M. Toshkent shasxri sharoitida yovvoi o'osimliklarny introduction o'rganishga oid metodik ko'rsatmalar. Toshkent, 2017. -12b.
6. Belolipov I.V., Tuxtaev B.Yo., Qarshiboev H.Q. "O'simliklar introdukciasi" Fanidan ilmiy -tadqiqot ishlarini oid metodik k'orsatmalar (to'ldirilgan 2-nashr) -Guliston, 2015. 32 b.
PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF ARTIFICIALLY INFESTED WHEAT NAM-POPULATIONS AND THEIR PARENTAL GENOTYPES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF UREDINIOSPORES OF
THE PUCCINIA GRAMINIS FUNGUS
Yuldasheva Z., Norbekov J., Khusenov N., Boyqobilov U., Normamatov I., Kholmuradova M., Makamov A., Buriev Z.
Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics AS RUz
Abstract
This paper has highlighted the results of phenotypic analysis of the wheat NAM (Nested Association Mapping) population and their parent genotypes infested with the fungus P.graminis, which is a causative agent of yellow rust disease. Following traits, such as the degree of infestation with a disease, spike length, number of grains per spike, and the weight of grains per spike were studied in research materials that are artificially infected with yellow rust spores. According to the analysis results, wheat lines "Yr 15/6 Avocet S", "Yr 10/6 Avocet S" and "Jupateco S" among parental genotypes of the NAM population and their hybrid plants of F3 generation derived through crossing of those lines with common parent-Morocco variety, did not lose any yield elements and showed higher resistance than the remaining combinations and lines.
Keywords: wheat, nest associative mapping population, yellow rust, and resistance.
INTRODUCTION
One of the most economically damaging diseases in wheat is rust diseases. In wheat, the causative agent of the fungus Puccinia graminis is stem rust, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Yellow rust caused by triticum and brown rust caused by Puccinia triticina [4,5]. Among these diseases, yellow and brown rust diseases are the most common, and because of these infections, up to
50% of wheat can lose its yield. Today, integration using DNA marker technology has become the most reliable tool in the fight against these diseases in wheat, in the creation of varieties of wheat with high resistance, yield and grain quality [1,6].
To date, many international studies have been conducted to study the wheat genome to identify quantitative trait loci associated with valuable economical traits such as rust disease resistance, resulted in many QTLs
were identified and successfully applied in wheat improvements. Since resistance-related QTLs are located primarily on chromosomes 2A, 1B, 2B, 3B, and 7D of the wheat genome, molecular studies of these chromosomes have provided the basis for identifying genes that exhibit high resistance to wheat rust disease. For example, mapping has shown that the Yr18 gene, one of the major genes associated with yellow rust resistance is located on the 7D chromosome of many wheat varieties [7]. In addition, genes Yr29 and Yr30 providing resistance effect in adult plant were mapped on chromosomes 1B and 3B [8,9]. One of the main tasks of scientists of the molecular genetics and breeders is to develop of new varieties that possesses high yield, resistant to various diseases (bacteria, fungi and viruses), abiotic and biotic stresses using new innovative technologies.
Taking account of the above-mentioned views, the main goal of this study is the evaluation of the effect of yellow rust disease on morphological and agronomic traits of the wheat populations and their parental genotypes.
Laboratory analyzes were performed to study the effect of the disease on the morpho-biological and agronomic parameters of research samples grown in an artificially infested environment. In these analyses, the length of the spike, the number of grains per spike, and the grain weight per spike were conducted through analysis of 10 spikes harvested 80 individual hybrid plants from each combination and their parental samples.
MATERIALS AND METHODS.
As research materials, we used totally 21 parental samples of nested association mapping (NAM) population, including 20 donor lines and common parent variety Morocco, highly susceptible to rust disease. Also, F3 generation hybrid populations derived through sexual crosses between lines Morocco as common maternal line and five donor lines Yr 10/6 Avocet S, Yr 15/6 Avocet S, Avopcet R, Jupateco "R" (S) and Jupateco "S" were used as paternal lines out of 20 donor lines in this study. Parental genotypes planted in single row plot of one-meter-long, length keeping 25 cm distance between rows and 15 cm between plants. F3 hybrids were planted in 50 cm long rows and the distance between plants was 15 cm apart. Yellow rust susceptible maternal cultivar of the population "Morocco" was planted between every ten rows in order to spread the spores. The study was conducted in the experimental field of
special seed farms of the Center for Genomics and Bi-oinformatics of the Republic of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences.
The plants were artificially infested in December
2019 with Puccinia Graminis fungal uredinospores in order to study the effect of yellow rust disease on morphological and agronomic parameters in some F3 generation hybrid combinations and parent samples of the NAM population. From the third decade of April
2020 to the second decade of May 2020, the incidence rate was assessed every three days. The method named "Assessment of varieties and specimens in the international yellow rust nursery" was used to determine the degree of infestation with yellow rust and to assess the resistance in the later stages of plant development [2,3]. Morphological traits were scored before harvesting and some agronomical performance (the length of the spike, the number of grains per spike, and the grain weight per spike) were conducted in laboratory conditions. After the ripening of wheat spikes, 10 spikes were then harvested from each parental line and 80 individual hybrid plants from each combination for the analysis of agronomic characteristics.
Statistical analysis of the information harvested from studying the research materials was performed in the GLM (General Linear Model) model of NCSS 2020 and the average values of F3 generation hybrid combinations were analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2016.
RESULTS
The comparative analysis of spike length among parental genotypes showed that Carstens V (W; Yr32), Inia 66, Avocet "S" isogenic lines, and Morocco variety have relatively long spikes (10.7-10.4 cm), while Cham 4 and Bohouth lines have very short ear lengths (7.16.8 cm) (Table 1). An isogenic lines Yr 15/6 Avocet S, Jupateco "S", ATTILA CM85836-50Y, Yr 6/6 Avocet S, Federation had 63.6-72.2 grain number per spike while the Jupateco "R" (S), Carstens V (W; Yr32), Cook (S), Yr 18/3* Avocet S, Morocco lines had 36.052.0 grains in a spike. Interestingly, susceptible line Morocco had only 36 grains in a spike that one was the lowest numbers of grain in a spike among parental genotypes. In turn, the value range of grain weight per spike was between 3.0-3.8 gr in the lines Yr 15/6 Avo-cet S, Bohouth, Cham 4 and this value was the highest among lines. The lowest weight of grains in a spike was observed in lines Yr 18/3* Avocet S and Morocco 1.90.5 gr, respectively. Analysis of yellow rust disease effects on parental samples showed that eight and nine samples were resistant and medium resistance, respectively, while only the Morocco line was susceptible.
Table 1
Phenotypic performance of parental samples of the NAM-populations grown in artificially infested environment
№ Name of combination Spike length (cm) Number of grains per spike (num.) Grain weight per spike (gr) Rate of diseases
1 Morocco 10,4 36,0 0,5 S
2 Yr 10/6 Avocet S 9,8 59,4 2,6 R
3 Yr 6/6 Avocet S 8,3 63,6 2,6 MR
4 Federation 8,3 63,6 2,6 R
5 Yr 15/6 Avocet S 9,8 72,2 3,8 R
6 Carstens V (W; Yr32) 10,7 51,8 2,3 MR
7 Yr SP/6* Avocet S 8,1 56,6 2,6 R
8 Avopcet R 8,1 56,6 2,2 MR
9 Inia 66 10,4 53,6 2,3 MR
10 Avocet "S" 10,4 53,6 2,3 R
11 Yr 18/3* Avocet S 10,1 46,0 1,9 R
12 Jupateco "R" (S) 9,6 52,0 2,3 MR
13 Jupateco "S" 10,0 65,4 2,7 MR
14 Cook (S) 8,8 49,2 2,6 MR
15 ATTILA CM85836-50Y 8,2 64,8 2,8 R
16 Lal Bahadur/Pavon 1B L 7,8 54,6 2,9 R
17 Cham 4 7,1 57,0 3,0 MR
18 Bohouth 6,9 53,2 3,5 MR
There were analyzed effects of yellow rust disease on morphological traits of the F3-generation hybrid plants (Figure 1). Analysis results showed thatthe F3 [Yr 10/6 Avocet S x Morocco] combination hybrids had high durability among the 5 selected combinations. Resistant hybrid plants were 38,7%, 41,25%, and 24,3% in three hybrids: D-4 x M F3, D-7 x M F3, and D-11 x m F3 combinations, respectively while there was no any hybrid plant showing resistance in D-11 x M F3 combination. Moderately resistant plants were observed 12,2%, 40,3%, 27,5%, 3,5%, and 44,8% in hybrid D-3 x M F3, D-4 x M F3, D-7 x M F3, and D-
11 x M F3, D-12 x M F3 combinations, respectively. The highest numbers of moderately susceptible plants were observed in hybrid D-11 x m F3 combination and the lowest value had in hybrid D-3 x m F3 combination. This value in the remaining combinations such as D-4 x M F3, D-7 x M F3, D-12 x M F3 were 17,7%, 30,0%, and 23,1%, respectively. The susceptible hybrid plants numbers were observed 3,2%, 1,2%, 29,8%, and 5,1% in combinations D-4 x M F3, D-7 x M F3, and D-11 x M F3, D-12 x M F3, respectively, while there had not hybrid plant showing susceptible features in D-3 x M F3 combination.
Figure 1. Statistical analysis of resistance to yellow stone disease of five F3 generation combinations of UAK-
population.
Note: D-3 x M F3 [Yr 10/6 Avocet S x Morocco], D-4 x M F3 [Yr 15/6 Avocet S x Morocco], D-7 x M F3 [Avopcet R x Morocco], D -11 x m F3 [Jupateco "R" (S) x Morocco], D-12 x m F3 [Jupateco "S" x Morocco]
Many morphological changes occur in the growth and development of plants affected by yellow rust. These conditions facilitate the identification of disease-resistant plants. According to the analysis of morphological traits, the highest spike length was 11.1 cm in F3[D-3 x M] combination, and the lowest ones were
observed in F3[D-12 x M] and F3[D-7 x M] combinations (Figure 2). The highest number of grains per spike were 49,7 and 48,6 in F3 [D-4 x M] and F3 [D-12 x M] combinations, respectively. The lowest value was 39,3 in F3 [D-7 x M] combination. The number of grains was 43,0 and 44,2 in F3 [D-11 x M] and F3 [D-3 x M] combinations.
Figure 2. Statistical analysis of morpho-biological traits of F3 generation hybrids of the NAM-population.
There was almost no change in grain weight per grain. The highest score was 2.1 g for the F3 [D-4 x M] combination, while the lowest score was 1.7 g for the F3 [D-3 x M] and F3 [D-7 x M] combination.
CONCLUSION
Based on this conducted experiment of segregation analyses of agronomical traits and diseases resistance performance in hybrid plants, we may conclude that D-4 (Yr 15/6 Avocet S), D-3 (Yr 10/6 Avocet S), and D-12 (Jupateco "S") have a high potential producing yield in the fields where fungal diseases are prevalent.
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ANALYSIS OF SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF PARENTAL SAMPLES OF COTTON NAM
POPULATION UNDER DROUGHT STRESS
Kholmuradova M., Boykobilov U., Normamatov I., Norbekov J., Makamov A., Darmanov M., Imamhodjaeva A., Nabiev S., Kushanov F., Buriev Z.
Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics AS RUz
Abstract
This paper highlights the results of a study of the drought tolerance of parental genotypes of the NAM population of cotton. The result of ANOVA statistical analysis of the studied physiological traits showed that parental samples of the population sharply differed from each other. These differences in the parental genotypes indicate wide genetic segregation in their population.
Keywords: cotton, nested associative mapping population, relative water content (RWC), water retention capacity (WRC), and transpiration rate (TR), resistance.
