CC BY
1136
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES / «ШУУШУУМ-ЛЭУШаУ» #ЩШ4)), 2021
Globulins a- and p- of the experimental groups exceed the control group, with the exception of only p-globulins of the third group, where their content was lower in relation to the control group by 1.45%. But y-globulins of the control group exceed the second group by 5.43%, the third - by 25.98% (P <0.001).
Conclusions. 1. The introduction of a new feed factor into the diet of young chinchillas did not significantly affect the quantitative composition of blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, but contributed to a probable increase in the second and third groups of color.
2. The leukocyte formula was not particularly affected by the drug, only caused an increase in the number of eosinophils and young forms of neutrophils in the second group.
3. The content of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline reserve remained unchanged. Similarly, the drug did not affect the protein content and the amount of albumin and globulins, with the exception of the third group, which recorded a decrease in the number of y-globulins.
References
1. Ionov P.S. Laboratory researches in veterinary clinical diagnostics / P.S. Ionov, V.G. Mukhin, A.I. Fe-dotov, I.G. Sharabrin. - M .: Gosselkhozizdat, 1953. -242 p.
2. Interior of farm animals / J.Z. Siratsky, B.M. Hopka, E.I. Fedorovych and others; For order. J.Z. Siratsky. - K .: Science world, 2013. - 75 p.
3. Kassirsky I.A. The science of blood / I.A. Kas-sirsky. - M .: Medicine, 1968.- 87 p.
4. Kozmenko V.V. The relationship between hematological parameters and productivity of animals // Problems of zooengineering and veterinary medicine: Coll. Science. HZVU Ave. - Kharkiv, 2014. - Issue. 3 (27). - P. 156-160.
5. Laboratory research in veterinary medicine, biochemical and mycological / B.I. Antonova. - M .: Ag-ropromizdat, 1991. - 280 p.
6. Mysyk A.T. Animal husbandry and the world food market // Zootechnics. - 2018. - No.12. - P. 2-5.
7. Neminuschaya L.A. Prospects for the production and use of probiotic preparations of complex composition - bilpharmacomplexes for birds / L.A. Neminuschaya, N.K. Eremets, V.I. Eremets, A. Ya. Sam-uilenko // Effective poultry breeding. - No. 2. - 2017 .-- S. 21-22.
8. Kucheriavyi V.P., Kazmiruk L.V., Kucheriava M.F. Features of forage harvesting for young chinchillas of different ages. Agriculture and forestry. VNAU. 2020. № 18. P. 69-80.
9. Ovchinnikov A.A. Comparative use of probiot-ics in poultry farming // Animal husbandry. - No. 5. -2018. - P.8-10.
10. Pentilyuk S. Modern biostimulant Bio-Mos -an alternative to antibiotics // Livestock of Ukraine. -2015. - No. 13. - S. 27-29.
11. Plokhinsky N.A. Guide to biometrics for livestock specialists / N.A. Plokhinsky. - M .: Kolos, 1969 .- 352 p.
12. Popov A.V. Fundamentals of Biological Chemistry and Zootechnical Analysis. - M .: Kolos, 1973 .- 302 p.
13. Savron E.S. Workshop on animal biochemistry. - K: Higher school, 2007 .- 239 p.
14. Salgireev S. Biostimulator for broilers // Poultry farming. - No. 1. - 2017 .- S. 27.
15. Saleeva I.P. Probiotic Biomin-S-EX for broiler chickens // Animal husbandry. - No. 8. - 2016. - P.28-30.
16. Shostya A.M. Erythrocyte resistance in the blood of young pigs of different genotypes / A.M. Shostya, V.F. Kovalenko, V.M. Nagaevich // Bulletin of Sumy NAU. - 2018. - VIP. 3 (7). - S. 116-121.
Паламарчук I.
Кандидат сшьськогосподарських наук, доцент Втницький нацюнальний аграрний утверситет, Вiнниця, Украша DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2021-17104-36-41 ФЕНОЛОГ1ЧН1 ФАЗИ РОЗВИТКУ БУРЯКУ СТОЛОВОГО ЗАЛЕЖНО В1Д СОРТУ ТА
ВОДОУТРИМУВАЛЬНИХ ГРАНУЛ
Palamarchuk I.
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
PHENOLOGICAL PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT OF TABLE BEETS DEPENDING ON THE VARIETY AND WATER-CONTAINING GRANULES
Анотацш.
Наведено результати досл1джень урожайност1 copmie буряка столового залежно eid внесення водо-утримувальних гранул. Спостереження за ростом i розвитком рослин буряку столового показали залеж-тсть настання фаз росту та розвитку в чаd вiд сортових особливостей та застосування суперабсорбе-нmiв. Фазу линьки коренеплоду вiдмiчали на 1 добу ратше на ваpiанmа i-з застосуванням водоутримуючих гранул. Тривалкть мiжфазних пеpioдiв буряку столового cвiдчиmь проте, що на них впливали до^джу-ват сорти та застосування водоутримуючих гранул. Перюд маcoвi сходи - початок ттенсивного фор-мування коренеплоду коротшим був на ваpiанmах iз застосуванням водоутримуючих гранул: у сорту Бордо Харювський - 27 дiб, у сорту Опольський - 29 дiб, що на 4 та 3 доби вiдпoвiднo кopomшi пopiвнянo з ваpiанmами без гранул. Перюд вiд масових cхoдiв до зактчення вегетацп менш тривалим був на ваpiанmах
«ШУУШШШИМ-ЛШИГМаУ» #ЩШ4)), 202 / AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
37
i3 застосуванням водоутримуючих гранул : у сорту БордоХарювський - 138 di6, у сорту Опольський -137 di6, що на 4 доби коротшi порiвняно з варiантами без гранул. Приркт урожаю на варiантах з викорис-танням водоутримуючих гранул становив 23,0 - 17,5 т/га вiдносно контролiв. На масу коренеплоду вшивали водоутримуючi гранули, як забезпечили приркт маси у сортiв Бордо Харювський та Опольський на 83,0 та 63,0 г.
Abstract.
The results of research on the yield of table beet varieties depending on the introduction of water-retaining granules are presented. Observations of the growth and development of table beet plants have shown the dependence of the onset ofphases of growth and development over time on varietal characteristics and the use of super-absorbents. The moult phase of the root crop was observed 1 day earlier on the variant with the use of water-retaining granules. The duration of the interphase periods of table beets indicates, however, that they were influenced by the studied varieties and the use of water-retaining granules. The period of mass germination - the beginning of intensive root formation was shorter on the variants with the use of water-retaining granules: in the Bordo Harkivskiy variety - 27 days, in the Opolskiy variety - 29 days, which is 4 and 3 days shorter compared to the variants without granules. The period from mass germination to the end of the growing season was shorter on the variants with the use of water-retaining granules: in the Bordo Harkivskiy variety - 138 days, in the Opolskiy variety - 137 days, which is 4 days shorter compared to the variants without granules. The yield increase in the variants using water-retaining granules was 23.0 - 17.5 t / ha relative to the controls. The weight of the root was affected by water-retaining granules, which provided an increase in weight in the varieties Bordo Harkivskiy and Opolskiy by 83.0 and 63.0 g.
Keywords: буряк столовий, технологiя, фенологiчнi фази, врожайтсть, бiометрiя.
Keywords: table beets, technology, phenological phases, yield, biometrics.
Introduction. Beetroot (Beta vulgarisL.) is a valuable vegetable crop. Beet roots contain up to 15 % dry matter, many mineral salts, organic acids and vitamins. It has beets and medicinal properties, including the ability to prevent the development of malignant tumors. In order to provide the population with the necessary quantity and range of vegetables, including table beets, it is necessary to increase their yield and biochemical quality. It depends on many factors, the main of which are the variety of beets and the timing of their sowing. In the world of varietal technologies for growing beets are widespread [3].
Beet is an annual and biennial, cross-pollinated herbaceous plant, vegetable, as well as fodder and sugar crop. The shape of the root is round, flat and cylindrical. Contains up to 2 % protein, 14.5 % sugars, salts of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus. Unlike carrots, beets do not contain carotene, but more ascorbic acid. Root crops and leaves of young plants are eaten, salads, beets, borscht, pancakes, caviar, pickles, etc. are prepared. At early consumption (beets for beam products) use young leaves and petioles in fresh, boiled and stewed form [9, 10].
Table beets are widely cultivated in Ukraine, in terms of their taste and medicinal properties it occupies one of the leading positions among vegetables. The sown area under this crop in Ukraine in recent years remains at the level of 40 thousand hectares. Its roots are stored for a long time and used for various types of processing. Thanks to the original set of nutrients and food components, they are a necessary food for people of all ages. It is a valuable product for baby and diet food, as it contains easily digestible polypeptides, essential amino acids and vitamins, many minerals, dietary fiber [5, 9, 10].
To form a high marketable yield, table beets require proper care and the optimal ratio of the main factors: soil fertility, proper temperature, lighting, absence
of weeds, fertilizer, loose soil, best varieties, large leveled seeds, optimal sowing dates, protection against diseases and pests, timely formation of plant density. In order to obtain sustainable yields with high quality and excellent taste properties, varieties should be selected according to climatic conditions and soil structure, as well as cultivation technologies, in which plants would be provided with all important factors for their growth and development [10].
Table beets are a very light-loving crop. Plants need light throughout the growing season, in its absence the yield is reduced by 30 %. Lack of light, reduction of its intensity worsen the chemical composition of roots.
Beetroot plants are characterized by a fairly high demand for soil moisture. This is due to the fact that its food organs include up to 86-87 % water. Particularly high demand for moisture is manifested during the sowing of seeds. During swelling, it absorbs 100 % of its weight from the soil. The optimum soil moisture during cultivation is 65-75 %. Deficiency of moisture during the period of intensive growth of aboveground mass and root crops leads to slowing down and stopping of growth and decrease in productivity. Excess moisture in the soil during the growing season also has a negative effect on plant productivity. Even short-term flooding (5-10 days) leads to their death [4].
High yields of vegetable plants in arid conditions can be obtained by providing them with optimal growth conditions. In the scientific literature, it is recommended to use absorbents to promote growth. In recent years, researchers have paid special attention to cross-linked polymers, so-called superwet absorbents or hydrogels. Due to a set of unique properties, hydrogels have found the widest application on the world market in medicine, industry, agriculture, in solving water and environmental problems. Due to climate change in the direction of warming, the problem of shortage of drinking and irrigation water is also facing Ukraine. High
38
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES / «COyyOMUM-JMTMaL» 2021
summer temperatures and prolonged lack of precipitation inhibit plant growth, reduce their productivity [1, 2, 6].
Absorbents - natural or synthetic compounds that are used for introduction into the soil in order to initiate changes in the processes of their life to improve product quality, increase yields, facilitate harvesting and storage of crops. The use of absorbents leads to changes in metabolism, similar to those that occur under the influence of external conditions. That is, absorbents are not nutrients, but factors in ensuring the growth and development of plants. Under their action accelerates the growth of green mass and root system, actively uses water and dissolved nutrients of soil and mineral fertilizers, their resistance to disease, temperature changes, drought, respectively, increases yields and improves the quality of vegetables. The use of absorbents makes it possible to more fully realize the potential of plants, inherent in nature and selection. The main requirement for absorbents is high absorbency relative to the absorbed component. A valuable quality of absorbents is the ability to regenerate them. In addition, the absorbent must be chemically indifferent and stable (not cleava-ble, not oxidized, not tarred, etc.), cheap and corrosively inactive [6, 7].
Water-retaining hydrogel granules are able to hold a mass of water hundreds of times greater than their own. They are compatible with all soils, increase their ability to retain water, prevent leaching of nutrients from the soil, reduce the stress of plants after transplanting. The hydrogel can be used when planting plants in a permanent place, when growing seedlings and in soil mixtures. It gives water to plants as needed and only when their roots germinate into swollen granules. Water-retaining granules are environmentally friendly, retain their properties at high and low temperatures and, after prolonged use, break down into harmless components [7, 11, 13].
At the same time, the use of hydrogel during seedling cultivation provides optimal conditions for plant growth and development with minimal moisture and nutrient consumption [4]. For more rational use of moisture, superabsorbents are used, which retain moisture and ensure its flow to plants during the growing season. Water-retaining granules are environmentally friendly, they can be used for planting vegetable plants in a permanent place and when growing seedlings [1, 14, 15].
The use of new supersorbents makes it possible for plants to rationally use moisture during the growing season of plants, reducing soil moisture differences in the absence of precipitation during short-term droughts that occur periodically in the Forest-Steppe zone. Ak-vod hydrogel is a new generation of materials that have
a unique ability to absorb and retain up to 4 liters of water per 10 g of the drug when swollen. The hydrogel is non-toxic, retains its properties at high and low temperatures in the soil for up to 5 years. Saves water when watering up to 50-60 %. The drug is presented in the form of granules [1, 12, 13].
The purpose of research. Study of phenological phases of table beet development depending on the variety and water-retaining granules.
Methods. Studies on the study of phenological phases of table beet development depending on the variety and water-retaining granules were carried out in the experimental field of VNAU. The experimental field where the research was conducted is aligned by soil type and fertility level. In field experiments, the predecessor of table beet plants were zucchini. Agro-technical measures were carried out in accordance with the requirements of culture (table beets) and the tasks set for research. The care of the plants consisted of systematic loosening of the soil, as well as weed control. Fertilizers were applied according to the norms recommended for the growing area, taking into account the availability of NPK soil [8].
Aquod water-retaining granules were used in the experiment as a superabsorbent. The experiment included 4 variants with four repetitions. The area of the accounting area is 10 m2. In order to improve the moisture supply of plants. The granules were applied to the pre-sowing cultivation with the subsequent earning in the soil in the norm - 20 kg / ha. Field and statistical research methods were used in the experimental work. Phenological observations included: the beginning and mass emergence of seedlings, the appearance of the first, second, third and fifth pairs of true leaves, the beginning and mass phase of root moult, the beginning of intensive root growth and the end of the growing season of table beet plants. The beginning of each phenological phase was considered to be the time when 15 % of plants entered it, and the time of the mass phase was considered to be when it occurred in 75 % of plants. The vast majority of observations were performed visually [8].
The harvest was recorded in the technical maturity of table beet plants in accordance with the requirements of the current standard. The mass of roots from each plot was determined separately by weighing, the diameter of the fruit - with a caliper, the length - with a ruler [8].
Results and discussion. Observations of the growth and development of table beet plants showed the dependence of the onset of growth and development phases over time on varietal characteristics and the use of superabsorbents (Table 1).
Table 1
Dates of phenological phases of table beets depending on the variety and use
Version Plant seedlings The appearance of pairs of true leaves
variety application of granules single mass 1th 2th 3th 5th
Bordo Harkivskiy without granules (control) 6.05 10.05 13.05 16.05 19.05 27.05
with granules 6.05 9.05 12.05 15.05 18.05 26.05
Opolskiy without granules (control) 6.05 11.05 14.05 17.05 19.05 28.05
with granules 6.05 10.05 13.05 16.05 18.05 27.05
In the initial phases of growth and development of table beet plants, no significant influence of varieties and water-retaining granules on the onset of phases was noted. However, in the variants with the introduction of granules, a somewhat friendlier appearance of seedlings was observed, which further affected the passage of subsequent phases.
Previously, the appearance of mass seedlings of table beets was observed in the variants with the use of water - retaining granules: in the Bordo Harkivskiy variety - on the 13 th day after germination, in the Opol-skiy variety - on the 14th day, which was 1 day earlier compared to the variants where the granules were not used (Table 2.).
Table 2
Duration of interphase periods of table beets depending on the variety and application of water-retaining
Version Plant seedlings The appearance of pairs of true leaves
variety application of granules single seedlings of plants mass seedlings of plants 1th 2th 3th 5th
Bordo Harkivskiy without granules (control) 10 14 3 6 9 17
with granules 10 13 3 6 9 17
Opolskiy without granules (control) 10 15 4 7 8 17
with granules 10 14 3 6 8 17
Table 3
Dates of phenological phases of table beets depending
Variety Application of granules Plant seedlings Root moult phase Intensive root formation
single seedlings of plants mass seedlings of plants beginning masses beginning the end
Bordo Harkivskiy without granules (control) 6.05 10.05 17.05 20.05 10.06 26.09
with granules 6.05 9.05 16.05 19.05 6.06 21.09
Opolskiy without granules (control) 6.05 11.05 18.05 21.05 12.06 29.09
with granules 6.05 10.05 17.05 20.05 9.06 24.09
The appearance of the first pair of true leaves was observed on the 3rd day after the appearance of mass shoots. However, in the variety Opolskiy without the use of granules - for 4 days. The same pattern is observed with the appearance of the second pair of true leaves. The appearance of the third pair of true leaves was influenced by the variety factor. Thus, in the Bordo Harkivskiy variety this phase was observed on the 9th day after the appearance of mass seedlings, in the Opol-skiy variety - on the 8th day, which is 1 day earlier than the previous variety. The appearance of the fifth pair of leaves was observed in all studied variants on the 17th day.
A more noticeable effect of water-retaining granules was noted at the appearance of subsequent phases of growth and development of table beet plants (Table 3.). This is due to the fact that the summers of 20192020 were quite hot and there was less precipitation compared to the average long-term data. The granules provided the plants with a certain amount of moisture, which had a positive effect on the phase of the plants of table beets.
The moult phase of the root crop was observed 1 day earlier on the variant with the use of water-retaining granules. However, the beginning of the phase of intensive root formation was recorded: in the Bordo
Harkivskiy variety 4 days earlier, in the Opolskiy variety 3 days earlier compared to the variants without granules. The end of this phase was also noted earlier in the variants where granules were applied: in the Bordo Harkivskiy variety for 5 days, in the Opolskiy variety also for 5 days.
The duration of the interphase periods of table beets indicates, however, that they were influenced by the studied varieties and the use of water-retaining granules (Table 4).
The interfacial period of mass germination - the molting phase did not differ between the studied variants and amounted to 10 days. However, the influence of the studied factors was observed in the subsequent phases. The period of mass germination - the beginning of intensive root formation was shorter on the variants with the use of water-retaining granules: in the Bordo Harkivskiy variety - 27 days, in the Opolskiy variety -29 days, which is 4 and 3 days shorter compared to the variants without granules.The period from mass germination to the end of the growing season was shorter on the variants with the use of water-retaining granules: in the Bordo Harkivskiy variety - 138 days, in the Opolskiy variety - 137 days, which is 4 days shorter compared to the variants without granules. Thus, water-retaining granules accelerated the onset of phases of development of table beet plants and helped to reduce interphase periods.
4G
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES / «ШУУШУШМ-ЛЭУШаУ» #Щ1©4)), 2021
Table 4
Duration of interphase periods of table beets depending on the variety and use of water-retaining granules, 2019-2020.
Variety Application of granules Mass germination -the phase of molting Mass seedlings - the beginning of intensive root formation Mass seedlings - the end of the growing season
Bordo Harkivskiy without granules (control) 10 31 142
with granules 10 27 138
Opolskiy without granules (control) 10 32 141
with granules 10 29 137
The accounting of table beet yield was carried out in the phase of technical maturity according to the current standard. The positive effect of water-retaining granules on the yield was established (Table 5.).
Table 5
Commodity yield of table beets depending on the variety and use of water-retaining granules
Variety Application of granules Yield, t / ha Average ± to control
2019 2020
Bordo Harkivskiy without granules (control) 63,7 62,6 63,2 -
with granules 86,7 85,6 86,2 +23,0
Opolskiy without granules (control) 56,7 55,6 56,2 -
with granules 74,2 73,1 73,7 +17,5
Н1Р05 A 1,3 1,2 -
B 1,3 1,2
AB 1,8 1,9
The yield increase in the variants using water-retaining granules was 23.0 - 17.5 t / ha relative to the controls. Comparing the studied varieties, it was found that the Bordo Harkivskiy variety was characterized by higher yields. The analysis of variance showed that the increase in yield relative to controls is significant.
When conducting research, biometric measurements of table beet products were also performed (Table 6.). The Bordo Harkivskiy variety was characterized by a larger diameter of the root crop - 7.5 - 8.4 cm, which is 2.9 - 2.6 cm larger than the Opolskiy variety, respectively. However, the plants of the Opolskiy variety showed a longer root length relative to the Bordo
Harkivskiy variety by 4.8 - 6.0 cm, respectively. Larger mass of root crop was formed by plants of Bordeaux Kharkiv variety - 228 - 311 g. Also, the mass of root crop was influenced by water-retaining granules, which provided weight gain in Bordo Harkivskiy and Opolskiy varieties by 83.0 and 63.0 g.
Thus, the accounting of the harvest and the bio-metric measurements of table beet production showed that these indicators are influenced by both varietal characteristics and the use of water-retaining granules. Studies have shown that the Bordo Harkivskiy variety forms rounded roots, and the Opolskiy variety is elongated.
Table 1
Biometric indicators of table beet production depending on the variety
Variety Application of granules The diameter of the root, cm The length of the root, cm Mass root, g
Bordo Harkivskiy without granules (control) 7,5 9,1 228
with granules 8,4 9,7 311
Opolskiy without granules (control) 4,6 13,9 203
with granules 5,9 15,7 266
Conclusions. According to the results of research conducted in 2019-2020 on the formation of the yield of table beets, depending on the variety and use of water-retaining granules, the following conclusions can be made:
1.Water-retaining granules accelerated the onset of phases of development of table beet plants and helped to reduce interphase periods. The period from mass germination to the end of the growing season was shorter on the variants with the use of water-retaining
granules: in the Bordo Harkivskiy variety - 138 days, in the Opolskiy variety - 137 days, which is 4 days shorter compared to the variants without granules.
2.The highest plant height was recorded in the Bordo Harkivskiy and Opolskiy varieties using water-retaining granules, where the increase was 3.2 cm relative to the control.
3.The largest leaf area was recorded in the phase of intensive root formation in all studied variants. In the variants where water-retaining granules were used, the
increase was 0.5 thousand m2 / ha in the Bordo Harkivskiy variety, 0.3 thousand m2 / ha in the Opol-skiy variety.
4.The highest yield was recorded in the Bordo Harkivskiy variety - 86.2 t / ha. The yield increase in the variants using water-retaining granules was 23.0 -17.5 t / ha relative to the controls.
5.Larger mass of root crop was formed by plants of Bordo Harkivskiy variety - 228 - 311 g. Also, the mass of root crop was influenced by water-retaining granules, which provided weight gain in Bordo Harkivskiy and Opolskiy varieties by 83.0 and 63.0 g.
References:
1. Gidrogel' - sredstvo dlya uderzhaniya i stabilizacii vlagi v pochve [Elektronnij resurs]. Rezhim dostupu: http://www mwkazan.ru/ gidrogel.htm.
2. Gidrogel' Akvod. V.D. Norman. Stattya. 2007. №3. Rezhim dostupu do zhum.: http://www.sadkodesign.com.ua/index.php?goto=servi ce4.
3. Enedi K. L., Sadovs'ka N. P. Urozhajnist' buryaka stolovogo zalezhno vid strokiv visivu. Sil's'kogospodars'ki nauki, №2 (29), 2016, S. 143-147
4. ZHuk O.YA., Sich Z.D. Svekla stolovaya (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris var. conditiva Alef.). https://agromage.com/stat_id.php?id=383
5. Zberigannya i pererobka produkcii' roslinnictva. [Skalec'ka L.F., Podpryatov G.I., Sen'kov A. M., Hilevich V. S.]. K.: Meta, 2002. 342 c.
6. Lihac'kij V.l., V. CHerednichenko Rozvitok i produktivnist' nasinnikiv kapusti brokoli za zastosuvannya gidrogelyu Akvod ta mul'chuvannya rruntu u Lisostepu Ukrai'ni. Ovochivnictvo. Zbirnik naukovih prac' VNAU. Vinnicya. 2011. No9 (49). S. 101-113.
7. Lihac'kij V.l., CHerednichenko V.M. Stroki dozrivannya ta dinamika nadhodzhennya vrozhayu kapusti brokoli za mul'chuvannya rruntu ta zastosuvannya granul Akvod u tunel'nih ukrittyah z ukrivnim materialom agrovolokno v Lisostepu Ukrai'ni. 2011. №78. 1 Agronomiya [Elektronnij resurs].
Rezhim dostupu:
http://www.slideshare.net/udau_admin/78-1.
8. Metodika doslidnoï spravi v ovochivnictvi i bashtannictvi. Bondarenko G. L., YAkovenko K. I.. H.: Osnova, 2001. 369 s.
9. Palamarchuk I.I. Vpliv strokiv sivbi na formu-vannya vrozhayu buryaku stolovogo v pravoberezh-nomu Lisostepu Ukraïni. Visnik umans'kogo nacional'nogo universitetu sadivnictva. №1. 2020 r. S. 54-58.
10. Palamarchuk I.I. Dinamika formuvannya ploshchi listkiv roslin buryaka stolovogo zalezhno vid sortovih osoblivostej ta stroku sivbi v umovah pravoberezhnogo Lisostepu Ukraïni. Zbirnik naukovih prac' Vinnic'kogo nacional'nogo agrarnogo universitetu. Sil's'ke gospodarstvo ta lisivnictvo. №4(15). Vinnicya. 2019. S.173-182.
11. Sadovs'ka N.P., Popovich G.B., Gamor A.F., Gorinec'ka M.I. Vpliv vodoutrimuyuchih granul (gidrogelyu) dari dar na formuvannya biometrichnih parametriv i vrozhajnist' ogirka. Tavrijs'kij naukovij visnik № 98, 122-127
12. Ulyanich O. I., SHevchuk K. M. Osoblivosti rostu i rozvitku ta vpliv absorbentiv na vrozhajnist' i yakist' ovochevih roslin. http://baltijapublish-ing.lv/omp/index.php/bp/catalog/down-load/61/1135/2477-1?inline=1
13. CHerednichenko V.M. Nasinneva produk-tivnist' roslin kapusti brokoli v Lisostepu Ukraïni. Plodivnictvo, ovochivnictvo ta gribnictvo. №36, Vip.4, 2012, S.93-104
14. AGPRO NZ Limited water retention crystals water absorbent polimer [Elektronnijresurs] // Rezhim dostupu: http://www.agpro.co.nz/la-bel/AGPR0%20Water%20Retention%20Crystal. 12.
15. Joo-Hwa Tay Biogranulation Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Microbial granules. Volume 6 [Elektronnij resurs]. Tay Joo-Hwa. Pergamon, 2006. 308 s. Rezhim dostupu: http: /www.montereylawngarden.com/pdf/Water.
