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AZERBAIJAN CHEMICAL JOURNAL № 4 2019 ISSN 2522-1841 (Online)
ISSN 0005-2531 (Print)
UDC 544.344.015.3: 546.8186'24
PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 SYSTEM AND SOME PROPERTIES
OF THE SnSb2-xBixTe4 SOLID SOLUTIONS
A.E.Seidzade, M.B.Babanly
M.Nagiev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, NAS of Azerbaijan
[email protected] Received 17.09.2019
Using differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction technique phase equilibria in the SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 system were investigated and its T-x diagram was constructed. The system is non-quasibinary due to the incongruent melting of the starting ternary compounds, but it is stable below solidus. The system characterized by a continuous series of substitutional solid solutions with tetradimite-like hexagonal structure. The crystal lattice parameters are a linear function of the composition. Liquidus consists of one curve corresponding to the primary crystallization of solid solutions based on the SnTe compound (a-phase), which interacts with the liquid phase by peritectic reaction (L+ a—y) and forms solid solutions based on the SnSb2Te4 and SnBi2Te4 compounds. According to the results of powder diffraction patterns, the lattice parameters are determined. It was established that the crystal lattice parameters of solid solutions vary linearly with composition.
Keywords: SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 system, phase equilibria, solid solutions, tetradymite-like structure, tin-bismuth-antimony tellurides.
doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2019-4-6-10 Introduction
Chalcogenides of p-block elements are used as matrix phases in the design of materials for energy conversion and storage. Such materials include, for example, photovoltaic cells in solar panels or semiconductor-ferromagnetic and thermoelectric materials in new-generation generators and refrigerators [1-4].
Tetradymite-like layered binary and ternary compounds of the homological series (AIVTe)m(BV2Te3)„ (AIV = Ge, Sn, Pb; BV = Sb, Bi), particularly compounds AIVB2Te4 type, are long studied as thermoelectric materials. Ternary tetradymite-like compounds have a complex multilayer structure, and their lattice thermal conductivity is lower than the binary compounds AIVTe and BV2Te3, which is important for their use in thermoelectricity [5-8].
Recent studies have shown that these compounds are topological insulators (TIs) [913] and have a very wide range of potential applications, including optoelectronics, plasma-nics, spintronics, quantum computing [14-18].
Reliable data on phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of phases is of key importance in developing methods and optimizing the conditions for the design and growth of
crystals of multicomponent inorganic materials [19, 20]. The solid-phase equilibria and ther-modynamic properties of the SnTe-Bi2Te3-Te and PbTe-Bi2Te3-Te systems were studied by the EMF method in [21, 22], and the thermody-namic properties of the SnSb2Te4 compound were studied in [23].
Present work represents the results of study of phase equilibria in the SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 system.
The SnSb2Te4 compound which formed in the SnTe-Sb2Te3 system melts incongruently at 6000C [24]. It crystallizes in a hexagonal tetradimite-like structure (Sp.Gr.R-3 m) with unit cell parameters a=4.2940 A and c = 41.548 A [25].
The SnTe-Bi2Te3 system contains three ternary compounds: SnBi2Te4, SnBi4Te7, and SnBi6Te10, which melt with decomposition according to the peritectic reaction at 600, 590 and 5820C, respectively [26]. The parameters of the hexagonal crystal lattice (Sp.Gr.R-3m) of SnBi2Te4 are: a = 4.386 A, c = 41.511 A, and a = 4.40283 A [27], c = 41.7139 A [28].
Experimental part
The initial binary compounds SnTe, Sb2Te3, and Bi2Te3 were synthesized by melting
of high purity (99.995%, Alfa Aesar) elementary components in evacuated (~ 10-2 Pa) ampoules at temperatures ~500C higher than their melting points, followed by slow cooling in the switched off ovens. The obtained binary compounds were
identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyzes (DTA). Obtained values of peritectic decomposition temperatures and crystal lattice parameters (Table) are in good agreement with the data given in [24, 27].
Some properties of the starting compounds and solid solutions for SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 system
Composition, mol. % Thermal effects, 0C Hexagonal parameters of the crystal lattice, Â (Sp.gr. R-3m1)
SnSb2Te4 594, 625 a=4.2957(3), c=41.542(4)
20 595-598, 625 a=4.3147(4), c=41.562(5)
40 597-601, 624 a=4.3382(4), c=41.578(5)
60 598-602, 624 a=4.3625(3), c=41.584(5)
80 600-604, 623 a=4.3846(3), c=41.603(4)
SnBi2Te4 606, 620 a=4.4035(4), c=41.623(5)
Initial ternary compounds and intermediate alloys of the system under study were prepared from stoichiometric quantities of pre-synthesized binary compounds in evacuated quartz tubes by melting at 7000C. Obtained samples of 0.5g mass were quenched by ejection of ampoules from the hot furnace into cold water, then they were annealed at 4500C (500 h), in order to reach the state closest to equilibrium.
DTA analysis were conducted on a NETZSCH 404 F1 Pegasus differential scanning calorimeter from room temperature to 7000C with a heating rate of 100C /min. The temperatures of thermal effects were determined mainly from the heating curves. The accuracy of the temperature measurement was ± 20.
Analysis of crystal structures of the initial compounds and intermediate alloys was performed using X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) data obtained on a Bruker D2 Phaser diffractom-eter using CuKa1-radiation (X=1.54056 A) at room temperature. The unit cell parameters of initial compounds and intermediate alloys were calculated by indexing of powder patterns using Topas V3.0 software.
Results and discussion
X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the starting compounds and some annealed alloys of the SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 system are shown in Figure 1.
Fig.1. XRD powder patterns of some alloys of the SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 system.
As can be seen, all samples have qualitatively identical diffraction patterns with some slight shift of reflection lines that is typical for substitutional solid solutions with tetradymite-like hexagonal structure.
Based on the DTA data (table), the T-x diagram of the SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 system was constructed (Figure 2). It was found that the system is non-quasibinary due to the incongru-ent nature of the melting points of both starting compounds, but it is stable below solidus. The system is characterized by the formation of continuous series of solid solutions (y-phase).
Considering the fact that the SnB 2 Te4 compounds melt with decomposition by peritec-tic reactions L+a — SnBTe4 [23, 25] in the quasi binary systems SnTe-B 2 Te3 (Bv - Sb, Bi) (a - solid solutions based on SnTe), it can be noted that firstly the a -phase crystallizes from liquid phase in the SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 system. This leads to the formation of a two-phase region: L+a. Further, monovariant peritectic reaction L+a — y proceeds in the system.
The transition of the system from two-and three-phase state to a single-phase state may seems erroneous, since this contradicts the law of construction of the phase diagrams. However, this contradiction is only apparent. Since the total composition of the investigated samples are on T-x plane of SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 section, the peritectic reaction ends with the simultaneous disappearance of both initial phases.
The temperatures of primary crystallization and peritectic reaction were determined from the data of the cooling curves (triangles in Figure 2 a). The temperatures of completion of the peritectic reaction determined from the heating curves of annealed alloys (dark circles in Figure 2 a).
By identifying powder diffractograms, the parameters of the crystal lattices of solid solutions were determined (Table). Based on them the graphs of the dependence of the lattice parameters on the composition were constructed (Figure 2 b). It can be seen that the parameters of the hexagonal lattice are a linear function on the composition of the composition, i.e. obey Vegard's rule.
Fig.2. Phase diagram (a) and the dependence of the lattice parameters (b) on composition for the SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 system.
Conclusion
New data on phase equilibria in the SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 system obtained by DTA and XRD were presented. The system as a whole is non-quasibinary due to the incongruent melting of the starting compounds, but it is stable in the subsolidus. The system is characterized by the formation of a continuous series of solid solutions with tetradimite-like layered structure. The lattice parameters of solid solutions, which are a linear function of the composition, are determined. The obtained solid solutions of a given composition SnSb2.xBixTe4 are of practical interest as potential thermoelectrics and topological insulators.
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SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 SiSTEMiNiN FAZA DiAQRAMI уэ SnSb2.xBixTe4 BЭRK MЭHLULLARIN
BЭZi XASSiSЭLЭRl
A.E.Seyidzadэ, М.В.ВЬап11
Differensial termiki vэ rentgenfaza anlizlэri usuПan Пэ SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 sistemindэ faza tarazllqlaп бугэпЛт^ vэ faza diaqraml qurulmu§dur. МИЭУЭП edilmi§dir ki, sistem ilkin birlэ§mэlэrin inkonqruent эrimэlэri sэbэbindэn qeyri-kvazibinardlr, lakin solidusdan a§aglda stabildir vэ tetradimitэ ЬЭ^ЭГ heksaqonal qurulu§a malik fasilэsiz bэrk mэhlul slrasl эmэlэ gэtirir. Sistemin likvidusu SnTe birlэ§mэsi эsaslnda bэrk mэhlulun (a-faza) kristalla§ma эyrisindэn ibarэtdir. Likvidusdan a§aglda L+a•^y peritektik reaksiyasl uzrэ SnSb2Te4 vэ SnBi2Te4 birlэ§mэlэri araslnda ЬЭ± mэhlul (y-faza) эmэlэ gэlir. Ovuntu diífraktoqramlaп эsaslnda bэrk mэЫullann qэfэs parametrlэri hesablanml§ vэ muэyyэn edilmi§dir ki, onlar tэrkibdэn xэtti asllldlrlar.
Лдаг sдzlэr: 8п8Ь2Те4-8пБ12Те4 sistemi, faza tarazllgl, Ьэгк шэк1ы1, tetradimitэ Ьэтэг qurulщ, qalay-bismut-surmэ teluridlэri.
ФАЗОВАЯ ДИАГРАММА СИСТЕМЫ SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4 И НЕКОТОРЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ТВЕРДЫХ
РАСТВОРОВ SnSb2_xBixTe4
А.Е.Сеидзаде, М.Б.Бабанлы
Методами ДТА и РФА исследованы фазовые равновесия в системе SnSb2Te4-SnBi2Te4, построена ее Т-х диаграмма. Установлено, что система неквазибинарна из-за инконгруэнтного характера плавления исходных тройных соединений, но стабильна ниже солидуса и характеризуется образованием непрерывного ряда твердых растворов замещения с тетрадимитоподобной гексагональной структурой. Ликвидус состоит из одной кривой, отвечающей первичной кристаллизации твердых растворов на основе соединения SnTe (а-фаза), которая, взаимодействуя с жидкой фазой по перитектической пеакции образует твердые растворы на основе соединений SnSb2Te4 и SnBi2Te4. По результатам порошковых диффрактограмм определены параметры кристаллической решетки. Установлено, что параметры кристаллической решетки твердых растворов линейно меняются с составом.
Ключевые слова: система SnSЬ2Te4-SnБi2Te4, фазовое равновесие, твердый раствор, тетрадимитоподобная структура, теллуриды олово-висмут-сурьма.
