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Table 2. - SAS technology is used preparation of oil and gas condensate fields in the «Mubarekneftegaz» oil-gas fields
№ Description of SAS Type Annual consumption, ton/year Price, sums/ton Amountmln SUM Where used
1 Imported dumilsi-fier (China) «K-1» 232,0 3951239 916,68 At the preparation of oil and gas condensates stations,.
2 Scale inhibitor (Germany) «VI-2870 K» 140,0 2447049 342,580 At the stations of oil dehydration.
3 Dehydrating agent (Russia) DEG 1600,0 1363265 2181,28 With preliminary gas preparation.
* - consumption of2005, now increased for 1,5 times
In such cases, a dehydration dispersing brine water from oil and gas mixture in the pre-separator (SP-1), where its contents are reduced to 3.5-5.5%, with the presence of well-tional crystallization of water. This dispersion of the water-oil-gas emulsion is destroyed, stratified and can be interlocked with a solution of an effective emulsion breaker. Thus its concentration in
the oil should not exceed 100 g/m and does not affect the quality of the oil obtained from them. Also reagents demulsifiers and desalting of crude oils used in oil and gas production series surfactants and water-soluble poly-electrolytes having cobuilder properties and dispersion properties of clay stabilizer solutions.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/AJT-17-3.4-37-41
Farmanova Nodira Tahirovna, Tashkent pharmaceutical institute Farmanov Shahriyor Ikramovich, "Medical Standard" company, Kadirov Mahamadzarif Anvajanovich, Tashkent Pharmaceutical institute, doctoral candidate
E-mail: shodman@mail.ru
Pharmacological activity and studying of the chemical compound of Hypoglycemic Gathering
Abstract: Researches are carried out on studying of a chemical composition of new hypoglycemic gathering including leaves of a big plantain and the white mulberry, in which result the complex of dietary supplement causing its specific activity has been established. The obtained data are used for a substantiation of system of standardization of gathering.
Keywords: gathering, hypoglycemic, a mulberry, a plantain, qualitative reactions, chromatographic analysis, quantitative definition, standardization, authenticity, polyose.
Public health care, improvement of medicinal supply is Despite of application of new effective medical
one ofthe main tasks ofour state in the field ofsocial policy. products with hypoglycemic effect, diabetes treatment
The decision of this problem in in a greater or lesser degree remains an topical issue for applied medicine. It is con-
depends on working out and practical application of public nected with presence of some by-effects, contra-indica-
health services of new effective medical products, includ- tions for use of synthetic preparations of various chemi-
ing a phytogenesis. Thereupon revealing, studying and cal groups. Thereupon it is expedient to use herbs in
application of new perspective plants of domestic flora is complex treatment of a diabetes along with the basic
represented as an topical issues ofa pharmaceutical science. medicamentous therapy [1].
As we know, hypoglycemic effect of herbs is caused by presence of glycocinanes which are easily digested by organism and activate regenerative processes, reducing sugar level in blood [2-4].
Considering these circumstances, structure of hypoglycemic gathering including leaves of big plantain (PlantagomajorL.) and white mulberries MorusalbaL.) have been developed.
The purpose of the present research is studying of pharmacological effect and a chemical compound of new hypoglycemic gathering for the purpose of definition of basic biologically active substances.
Experimental part
For introduction of a new preparation of hypoglycemic effect in medicine practice, influence of it to physiological level of blood, and to the sugar content in blood at hyperglycemia caused by the glucose has been studied. The serial samples of gathering were used for analysis which prepared according to instructions of article "Gathering" GF of XI edition [5] is used. Medicinal vegetative raw materials were crushed separately till the size of the particles which are passing through a sieve with apertures in diameter of 2 mm. Then the dust was eliminated through a sieve with apertures in the size by of 0,25 mm. Further components were weighed and mixed up to getting uniform mass.
Infusions from gathering (1:10) were prepared according to the requirements of article GF XI "Infusions
and broths" and used fresh prepared. Studying of influence of hypoglycemic effect to physiological level of blood was defined by a technique [27, 29] on 12 rats by mass of 140-160 gram.
Rats within 7 days contained in conditions of vivarium. Before experience rats were weighed and initial concentration ofsugar in blood was defined. Blood was taken after a placing of animals into the special chamber — "small house" for an exception of excessive excitement. After establishment of initial concentration of glucose in blood rats were divided to two groups on 6 pieces in each one. 1st group was control and received water in volume of 1,5-1,7 ml per os, to second experimental group water infusion of hypoglycemic gathering was entered inside by automatic probe in a dose of 10 ml/kg unitary. Through 60 and 120 minutes after oral injection of the examined solution they defined sugar level in blood of rats. They made sugar definition in blood with application of a standard set of firm «ECO — lab» of Russia by glucose oxidase method. Measurement of optical density of probes made at KFK device. The received results are processed statistically. Sacchar decreasing effect of hypoglycemic gathering (HG) also is studied on model of hyperglycemia caused by loading of high doses of glucose on the technique on 12 rats of mass of 150-170 g.
Results of studying of effect of gathering to physiological level of glucose in blood at rats are presented in table 1.
Table 1. - Effect of hypoglycemic gathering to physiological level of glucose in blood of rats (M±m, n=6)
Experiment condition Initial n=6 HG 1st hour HG 2nd hour
Content of glucose in blood, mmol/l 6,00 ± 0,38 6,65 ± 1,14 4,65 ± 0,43 P < 0,01
Apparently from the table, initial concentration of sugar in blood of rats is equal to 6,00 ± 0,38 mmol/l., unitary insertion of hypoglycemic gathering caused doubtful increase of level of sugar ofblood at the first hour after resorption. At 2nd hour decrease in level of sugar in blood
of experiment rats to 22,5% is revealed in comparison with initial concentration of glycaemia at rats.
Results on studying of effect of hypoglycemic gathering to glucose level in blood at hyperglycemia are presented in table 2.
Table 2. - Effect of hypoglycemic gathering to glucose level in blood ofrats at hyperglycemia (M±m, n=6)
Experiment conditions Initial n=12 Control (glucose) HG + glucose
Content of glucose in blood, mmol/l 4,56 ± 0,38 10,43 ± 1,14 7,21 ± 0,43 P < 0,01
Apparently from table 2, initial concentration of sugar in blood of rats is equal to 4,56 ± 0,38 mmol/l; the glucose injection has led to increase of level of sugar in blood of control rats more than to 2,2 times. In similar
conditions in 2nd hour after reception of infusion of gathering in blood of experimented rats decrease in sugar of blood to 7,21 ± 0,43 mmol/l is noticed, that more low than control level to 30,8%. The obtained data testify
to inhibition of hyperglycemic reactions of an organism to insertion of exanthropic glucose.
For definition of a chemical structure of gathering its preliminary research on the content of the basic groups ofbiologically active substances is carried out with use of well-known qualitative reactions and chromatographic methods of the analysis [6-10].
For acknowledgement of the received results and identification of the found out substances comparative chromatographic studying of extraction was held where these substances have been revealed, with corresponding extraction of initial components of gathering in the presence of authentic samples - "witnesses". At visual comparison of chromatograms before and after processing with chromogenic reactants the big similarity on a set of biologically active composites in extraction of gathering and its components differing only in a size and with intensity of spots in ultraviolet -light is revealed.
At chromatograph of water extraction on a paper (German, of FN-3 Mittelschnelllaufend brand) in system of solvents butanol-acetic acid - water (4:1:5) presence of the following substances has been confirmed:
- ascorbic acid (Rf 0,42, developer - Tilmans reactant);
- organic acids: lemon (Rf 0,48), apple (Rf 0,57), oxalic (Rf 0,62), succinic (Rf 0,6) (developer - 0,04% a solution bromo-phenol blow);
- the free sugars presented by glucose (Rf 0,49), maltose (Rf 0,30), fructose (Rf 0,63), sucrose (Rf 0,38) (developer - Folling reactant).
Polyoses from water extraction are allocated with sedimentation by ethanol. Monosaccharide structure of polyoses were defined after hydrolysis [11]. Hydrolysis of 0,05 g of absolutely dry polyoses were held with 2,5 ml of 2 mol/l of a solution of sulfuric acid on a boiling water bath during 8 hours. After neutralization of barium by a carbonate hydrolyzate was processed with cation exchange resin Ky-2 (H+-form), concentrated and was chromatograph simultaneously with authentic samples on a paper in systems of butanol-piridin-water (6:4:3) for neutral sugars and etilatsetat-acetic acid- ant acid-water (18:3:1:4) for sour sugars. For detection of sugars they used a sour solution of aniline phthalate and thermal processing. As a result of chromatographic analysis it is established, that polysaccharide gathering complex includes neutral monosaccharides: D-glucose, L-fructose.
In hexane extraction by a method of narrow-ringed chromatography on plates of «Silufol UV-254» in a system hexan-diethyl aether (17:3) 3 substances of lu-
tein nature, shown in the form of stains of dark blue color on a flavovirent background after processing with 10% spirit a of phosphatomolybdic acid solution and warming up at temperature 60-80 0 C also has been found out. At comparison to the authentic sample one of the found out substances (Rf 0,48) were identified with ^-carotin.
For definition of coumarins samples of gathering were extracted with 95% of ethanol on a cold during 24 hours. Then extraction was centrifugated with speed of 4,5 thousand rpm during 7 minutes, decant and chro-matographed on plates of «Silufol UV-254» in system of geksan-etilatsetat solvents (3:1). At survey of dried chromatogram in Uf-light 2 spots with Rf 0,14 and 0,46, having bright-blue fluorescence and giving positive reaction with Pauli's reactant are revealed. It has allowed to carry the found out substances to coumarins.
For allocation phenol carboniferous acids, spirit extract of vegetative gathering were chromatographed on a column with polyamide sorbite. Elution was made by water; the received fractions investigated by means of a chromatography on a paper. The fractions containing phenol carboniferous acids were united. From acidified up to pH 3 of water eluate phenol carboniferous acids took with acetic ether. Then acetic ether extraction were boiled off and the rest were chromatograph in system of solvents of benzene- ethyl-carbonic acid- water (2:2:1). At display of chromatogram diazotize sulfanilic acid it is defines presence not less than 4 phenol carboniferous acids from which 3 are identified by comparison to authentic samples of substances (benzole Rf 0,25, gallic Rf 0,28, salicylic Rf 0,30).
For definition of flavonoids, spirit extraction of the gathering received in the way described above, were subjected to chromatographic research on a paper (German, of FN-3 Mittelschnelllaufend brand) in system of solvents of 15% acetic acid and butanol- acetic acid-water (4:1:5). In similar conditions division of authentic samples ("witnesses") was made. Flavo-noids were defined on character of fluorescence in Ultraviolent -light before processing by chromogenic reactants (ammonia steams, spirit solution of hydrated oxidea sodium, 1% of spirit solution of chloride aluminum) and comparison of values of Rf found substances and authentic samples. Identification of flavonoids on chromatograms were held also by entering of obviously known composite into an initial extract. Thus they observed strengthening of a corresponding spot.
Results of the analysis are given in table 3.
Table 3. - Color reactions and data of chromatographic analysis with flavonoids composites of hypoglycemic gathering
№ Value of Rf in systems 1% solution of AlCl3 in fermentation alcohol 5% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide The nature of fluorescence In Ultraviolet-light identified flavonoids
EYB (4:1:5) 15% CH3COOH Before processing by ammonia vapor After processing by ammonia vapor
1. 0,45 0,14 pale-yellow yellow yellow yellow rutin
2. 0,55 0,35 pale-yellow canary brilliant green-yellow canary hyperoside
3. 0,78 0,02 pale-yellow yellow canary canary meletin
Results ofdetection and identification ofbiologically active substances ofhypoglycemic gathering are given in table 4. Table 4. - Chemical components of hypoglycemic gathering
Analyzed groups analysis result
Carbohydrates:
Sugar (glucose, maltose, fructose, sucrose) +
Water-soluble polyose +
Vitamins (ascorbic acid, carotenoids) +
Organic acids (lemon, apple, oxalic, amber) +
flavonoids (routines, meletin, hyperoside) +
phenol- carboxylic acids +
(benzole, gallic, salicylic) +
Coumarins +
Tannins +
Essence +
Alkaloids -
saponins -
From data given in the table it is followed that hypoglycemic gathering contains the basic groups of biologically active substances, characteristic for its initial components — leaves of a big plantain and white mulberries.
Further researches under the quantitative content of biologically active substances are carried out.
The quantitative content of essence, tannins, ascorbic acid and free organic acids defined by the technique stated in HG XI [5]. The content of flavonoids of gathering was defined spectrophotometric, saponins — on inTable 5. - The quantitative content of biologically
dicator of foam number, phenol- carboxylic acids by gravimetric method. The content of other biologically active substances was defined by well-known technique [11-14], in particular, sugars — on method of Frsenius [15], coumarins on method of Nikonov G. K and coauthors [16].
Results of quantitative definition of the basic groups ofbiologically active substances ofhypoglycemic gathering are generalized in table 5.
active substances in hypoglycemic gathering
Biologically active substance Content,% to absolute dry weight
1 2
Carbohydrates:
- monosaccharide 5,35 ± 0,12
- water-soluble polyose 9,3 ± 0,3
Vitamines:
- ascorbic acid, mg% 110 ± 2,06
- carotenoid, mg% 3,3 ± 0,50
organic acids 1,68 ± 0,22
1 2
aspic oil mark
flavonoids 0,4 ± 0,10
coumarins 0,05 ± 0,10
phenol-carboxylic acids 0,25 ± 0,09
tanning agents 4,50 ± 0,40
Conclusions: results of the conducted researches gathering the complex of biologically active substances
have shown, that hypoglycemic gathering causes de- causing its specific activity is established. The obtained
crease in level of sugar in healthy rats, and also at hyper- data have been used for a substantiation of system of
glycemia caused by loading of high doses of glucose. Also standardization of gathering. at studying of a chemical compound of new vegetative
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