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5УДК 94 (479.24)
ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ РОССИЙСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО БАНКА И РОССИЙСКИХ КОММЕРЧЕСКИХ БАНКОВ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ СЕВЕРНОГО АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА В КОНЦЕ XIX И В НАЧАЛЕ XX ВЕ^
Гасанов Ш. У.
Азербайджанский Технологический Университет (Г. Гянджа, Республика Азербайджан)
Аннотация: в статье говорится о деятельности Российских банков во всех сферах экономики Северного Азербайджана в конце XIX начале XX века. Вступление Азербайджана в стадию развитие капиталистических отношений и активное участие Российских банков в этом деле выделение ими кредитов азербайджанской экономике является основной темой статьи. В то же время банковский капитал способствовал вытеснению ростовщического капитала с кредитного рынка Азербайджана которое повлекло за собой ускорение экономического развития.
Ключевые слова: банк, кредит, капитал, торговец, владелец.
UOT 94 (479.24)
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE BANK AND RUSSIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE ECONOMY OF NORTHERN AZERBAIJAN AT THE END OF THE XIX AND THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Hasanov Sh.U.
Annotation: The article refers to the activities of Russian banks in all areas of the economy of North Azerbaijan in the late XIX and early XX centuries. Azerbaijan's entry into the stage of development of capitalist relations and the active participation of Russian banks in this matter, their allocation of loans to the Azerbaijani economy is the main topic of the article. At the same time, bank capital contributed to the displacement of usurious capital from the credit market of Azerbaijan, which entailed the acceleration of economic development.
Key words: bank, credit, capital, merchant, entrepreneur.
North Azerbaijani economy in the second half of the nineteenth especially, the oil industry has developed into a stage of capitalism at the same time the turnover led to an increase in the export of various industrial products. In such a situation, the formation of branches of Russian banks in Northern Azerbaijan, their influence in various industries attainment of industrial capital with bank capital and a result has led to the formation of financial assets and financial oligarchic. As well as representatives from the banks of the banking and trading operations themselves were able to increase their investments. Usurious capital loans cheaper as compared in trade turnover. [2]
Russian banks operating in Azerbaijan entrepreneurs, merchants and other departments operating in various industries played an important role in meeting the demand for credit. In the early years of the establishment of bank branches if the development of the credit system in Azerbaijan was limited to only Baku, as a result of accidents arising from the bank branches in the following years all of their credit operations in Northern Azerbaijan developed credit system, and the bank capital weakened position of the usurious capital. The main purpose of bank branches collected from the edges to the center of the capital to provide transportation, Russian banks to strengthen the authority of Northern Azerbaijan oil industry and play the role of mediator in the seizure of large companies held shores. [5]
The role of the bank capital was satisfactory credit system of the Northern Azerbaijan. The situation was different in the capital of usurious. There is a higher percentage of their loans to usurers, the originator of the villages led contended. Villages were forced to pay their debts in kind. With
representatives of commercial banks in their financial operations in Russian relations with the banks equity capital in the industry to speed up the process of reunion. In some cases, large companies have teamed up to form syndicates and brought tests. [4]
As a result of the global economic crisis of 1900 - 1903, which takes place in the Northern Azerbaijan oil industry and the oil industry began in the years of stagnation since a 1909 boom. This process has an impact on bank activities, and decrease in the number of transactions have taken place on their credit. Some bank branches during the recession did not allow a reduction in their capital and continued it is previous size. [6]
The position of the Northern Azerbaijan capital if Russian commercial banks weakened as a result of usurious and strengthened the bank capital position. Some branches commercial banks of Russia although, it was late opened slightly in Baku, they have penetrated the empire of the Northern Azerbaijan oil industry, some large companies were able to take over shares. It should be noted down the activities of the Sankt Petersburg international commercial banks. [5]
After the cancellation of the subscription system of commercial banks in Russia, opening local offices in Northern Azerbaijan. Low-interest loans to local firms an entrepreneur the opportunity to gain a significant amount of sales operations, increased it is bank capital. Usurious capital position, weakening the influence of the Azerbaijan economy, have led to high development stage of capitalism. [1]
Bank branches operating in Northern Azerbaijan, the Russian state bank activities should be emphasized. In 1896-1897, the Russian state bank of the monetary reform, which started commercial transport, in addition to providing loans to industrialist and merchants, offices and other commercial banks provided loans. Less interest loans given state-owned bank loan sharks, industrialist and merchants an opportunity to get more affordable loans found. Russian state bank branch in Northern Azerbaijan in various spheres of industry entrepreneurs have created favorable conditions for expansion of their buying and selling operations. The entrepreneurs in the development of various sectors of the industry has resulted in an increase in revenues. [3]
Russian state-owned banks with local branches in the North of Azerbaijan competition with other local departments of commercial banks with stood. According to the size of some of them even left behind. Despite the fact that the bank acted as tsarist financial basis for its over social and economic development has led to the Northern Azerbaijan department.
Russian empire in the center of the commercial banks and their local branches accelerate the development of banking operations carried out by Azerbaijan economy has been more interested in increasing their bank capital North Azerbaijani economy in this respect they were able to attract companies operating their own bank operations. However, the occurrence of concentration of capital and monopolies in the oil industry, small and medium oil industry has had a negative impact on media position. Even on loans to commercial banks benefited from the large oil industry. [1]
Russian empire, the local branches of commercial banks credit needs of the population in the central provinces, but the population of the outlying provinces in this regard have not been fully. Besides Baku Russian banks to open branches in some areas of Azerbaijan are also allowed people to use credit.
In the early twentieth century to the outbreak of the global economic crisis and the impact of the oil industry in the economy of the North of Azerbaijan, despite the fact that managed to preserve its position in the local branches of Russian banks performed the various lending operations to revive the oil industry. Major companies operating in the region oil since the crisis, using artificially raised the price of oil. As a result of their credit operations carried out by banks and bank branches were able to be saved from the threat of bankruptcy.
Библиографический список
1. Касумова А. М. Кредитно-банковские учреждение Азербайджана (1874-1932 г.). Баку,
1969.
2. Сумбатзаде А.С. Сельское хозяйство Азербайджана в ХЕХ веке. Издательство Академии Наук Азербайджанской ССР. Баку, 1958.
3. Гасанов Г. Из истории Северо-Азербайджанской деревни в конце XIX и в начале XX вв. Баку: 2007
4. История Азербайджана. VII т, IV т (XIX век). Баку: Наука, 2000.
5. MusayevM. Э. XIXdsrin sonlarinda Baki §dhdrinin ticardti. Baki: "Elm " m§riyyati, 1972.
6. История Азербайджана. VII т, V т ( 1900-27 aprel 1920). Баку: Наука, 2000.
Гасанов Ш. У., старший преподаватель кафедры Социальных Наук и Мультикультурализма, Азербайджанский Технологический Университет (Республика Азербайджан, г.Гянджа).
