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Levin A., Demidova S., Demidova O. Pedigree Cranial Features of Cats' Skulls // Электронный научно-методический журнал Омского ГАУ. - 2016. -№3(6) июль - сентябрь. - URL http://e-journal.omgau.ru/index.php/2016-god/5/29-statya-2016-2/394-00144. - ISSN 2413-4066
UDC 636.045
Alexandr Levin
Student
FSBEIHE Omsk SAU, Omsk levin.sasha2011@gmail.com
Svetlana Demidova
Senior Instructor
FSBEI HE Omsk SAU, Omsk
sveta_19_68@mail.ru
Olga Demidova
Senior Instructor
FSBEI HE Omsk SAU, Omsk
ov.demi dova@om gau.org
Pedigree Cranial Features of Cats' Skulls
Abstract: This article is devoted to the properties of cats' skulls. The cats' heads of three breeds were examined as the material. The head bones were measured and described. The purpose of the research was to study the individual characteristics of their head bones. The result is presented in the table.
Keywords: cat breeds, head bones, cerebral part, lower jaw, cranial index.
Today there are a wide variety of cat breeds. When breeding cats or developing new species, breeders usually concentrate on the shape of the head. This happens because the shape of the head is one of the most stable properties to determine the breed of animals. [1, pp.167-169]. For each breed certain requirements are imposed on the exterior of the body and the head morphotype. In this case the knowledge about the age, breed and individual variability in this part of the body is particularly important.
Morphotypes of the head directly affect the shape and size of muscle, blood vessels and nerves [2]. There is also a relationship between the position of the holes and the shape of the skull. Thus, the topography of the mandibular foramen varies with the mandibular angle and the distance from the infraorbital foramen to the orbital region increases with the elongation of the facial part [3,p.169]. Therefore, we can conclude that the accumulation and systematization of data dealing with craniometric indicators are necessary for anatomical and topographical studies to optimize diagnostic and surgical procedures in the head of cats (cranial nerve blockade, enucleation of the eyebulb). In the available literature there are few facts about the morphometric characteristics of the cat head bones in terms of breeding and the individual aspects . In accordance with this problem the purpose of the study was defined: to study the pedigree and the individual characteristics of the head bones of the Persian cats, the British Shorthair and the European Shorthair breed.
The cats' heads of both sexes at the age from 8 to 12 years were presented as the material for the study. Animals were examined in the Scientific Educational Research Centre at Omsk State Agrarian University. Nine preparations of the head skeleton were produced by cooking method. The bones of the head skeleton were photographed, measured and described. The following parameters were measured: length and width of the head skeleton, facial and brain sections, the height of the cerebral part, the length of the base of the head bones (condylobasal length), the length of the hard palate, the distance between the fangs of the lower and upper jaw, the length and width of the lower jaw, the mandible length, the height and width of the eye sockets, the diameter of the orbit. Finally the calculation of cranial index was carried out.
As the result of the research it was found:
1. European shorthair cats have the greatest indicators of the relative facial part length (FPL), as well as the interrelation between the head bone length (HBL) and the head skeleton width. But they also possess the lowest rates in the length of the cerebral department , skull height and width of the lower jaw.
2. Persian breed cats have the highest relative rates of the cerebral department length (CDL) and height (CDH), the width of the lower jaw (WLJ). They possess the lowest indicators of the facial part length (FPL) as well as the interrelation between the head bone length (HBL) and width of the head of the skeleton (WHS).
3. British short-haired cats have intermediate values of cranial index.
4. Persian breed cats have orbits of more rounded shape taking into account the relation between transverse and longitudinal diameters.
5. The relative indicators of the facial part length (FPL) to the length of the cerebral department are approximately equal for all breeds. However, cats of Persian breed have the greatest index and the British shorthair cats have the lowest figure.
Table 1
№ Breeds Indicators, %
FPL/HBL CDL/HBL CDH/HBL CDL/ CDH FPL /WHS WLJ /LLJ
1 European Shorthair 48,1 71,0 4,1 17,5 3,45 6,45
2 British Shorthair 43,4 73,0 4,3 16,7 3,25 7,65
3 Persian 40,0 79 5,15 13,25 2,9 8,45
References:
1. Ivanov N.S. Influence of factors on the variability and morphotype of the skull of predators / N. S.Ivanov // Bulletin of the Orenburg State Agrarian University. - Issue number 11-1. - Volume 3. -2006. - P. 167-169.
2. Ivanov N.S. Dependence of morphotype canine skull on the bone shape / N. Ivanov // Bulletin of the Orenburg State Agrarian University. - Issue number 28-1. - Volume 4. - 2010. - S. 206-208.
3. Kuznetsova L.V. Differences in shape, size and location of holes in the facial part of the skull and their applied value // Materials of the 3 Congress of anatomists, histologists, embryologists. Tyumen, 1994. P. 169.
