Научная статья на тему 'PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EDUCATION IN ISLAM'

PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EDUCATION IN ISLAM Текст научной статьи по специальности «Науки об образовании»

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Текст научной работы на тему «PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EDUCATION IN ISLAM»

PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EDUCATION IN

ISLAM

Nargiza Abdivalievna Askarova

Tashkent Medical Academy. Senior Lecturer of the Department of Pedagogy and

Psychology

The study of personality psychology in Islam is relevant for modern psychological science. In modern Western oriented science, there is a postulate that pedagogy as a system originates from the "Great Didactics" by Ya. A. Comenius (1592-1670). His name is associated with the design of pedagogy as an integral science. Without detracting from the enormous contribution of the brilliant thinker to the development of educational theory and practice, we will hypothesize that pedagogy as a system was formed in the era of the Eastern Renaissance, one of the central components of which was the Islamic Pedagogical Renaissance.

In the studies of Islamic scholars, many problems are being developed, the solution of which actually forms the pedagogical system: the patterns of education and training, their principles, the goals and content of education, forms and methods, means, technologies of interaction between the teacher and pupils, especially pedagogical activity. Islamic thinkers also thought about other phenomena, for example, about the peculiarities of education and upbringing, and both of these phenomena are considered as two different, but interconnected and interdependent processes. Or, the idea of human development in general, and hence developmental education in particular, which was one of the methodological foundations of the entire Islamic worldview [3].

Also in the Islamic education of this period, we observe the beginnings of a class-lesson system. Even such details as the issuance of certificates of education begins in the system of Islamic education. As you can see, in this education, as well as in the works of Islamic thinkers, a fairly wide range of pedagogical phenomena were outlined, representing a certain systemic nature, which also take place in modern science.

Along with this, it should be noted that today a modern system of Islamic education is being actively formed in Uzbekistan. This process determines, firstly, the satisfaction of the needs of theory and practice in a

comprehensive analysis and assessment of the accumulated experience in the field of Islamic pedagogy and psychology, and

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secondly, the creation of textbooks and teaching aids that correspond to the Muslim worldview of students.

Nowadays, when the moral crisis of the "consumer society" is becoming more and more obvious, when the artificial cultural values that have been imposed on humanity for decades are slowly but surely beginning to become obsolete, the problem of educating a new generation with high spirituality is on the agenda. In the light of the growing social demand for effective moral education of children and youth, Islamic pedagogy and psychology are of particular importance as a system capable of forming a whole personality with a wide range of the best human qualities. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "No father can give his child more than good manners" [2].

Islam teaches that every child is born with a righteous essence. Since upbringing brings the best results at an early age, when the child's soul is malleable and receptive, it is the task of parents and teachers to preserve the natural purity of the child and instill in him the knowledge and skills that will allow the little person to grow into a full-fledged harmonious personality. And here it is very important to build on the individual characteristics of each student, to identify his innate inclinations and direct them in the right direction. Islamic tradition says that the best way to educate is to imitate the ideal. And not only parents and teachers, but also great figures of human history and culture should become models for students.

Today, when educational institutions have again received the opportunity to engage in the religious education of children, we are faced with a huge task: to reveal the richest treasury of religious life in all its fullness and beauty. Islam is the state religion of Muslim countries, which gives it a strong cultural and political base. It regulates the social structure, economic, political and cultural relations, the sphere of family relations and everyday life. All this leads to the fact that Islam is presented not just as a religion, but as a way of life that completely determines the worldview and everyday behavior of people. Children are the most vulnerable part of society. Children have a great desire for good, but they are easily drawn to evil. If their craving for goodness, love is not satisfied, then they can easily be persuaded to evil. The child must hear about the truth during the formation of his views, what will win in the child's heart - good or evil? It's up to us adults.

Muslim parenting traditions include power based on love; gradual strengthening of self-discipline and responsibility; parental

guidance that takes into account the best interests of the child; respect for the self-esteem of each family member; reasonable

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limits of behavior, and, finally, the fair use of rewards and punishments, when necessary for educational purposes. This system has existed for more than 14 centuries. Positive changes in state policy regarding religion, as well as fundamental changes in the educational sphere, make it possible to discuss a wide range of issues related to religious education, moral education, and understanding of universal human values.

So, "education is a comprehensive, full and harmonious development of a person: physical, sensual, moral, social, aesthetic and humanistic, aimed at making him an active member in building his society" [1]. Notice how this formulation seems to cover everything except the spiritual aspect, the aspect of faith. It is in this vein that the pedagogical community is now discussing both at the level of practice and in the scientific literature.

The first knowledge about religion, morality and good manners children receive in their own home and family. Islam commands the Muslim family to follow a set of rules of etiquette and morality and emphasizes that both children and adults have a special responsibility to achieve the happiness of both worlds. Only children with a good Islamic upbringing are truly praised as "paradise basil". On the contrary, children who have departed from their human nature and received a bad upbringing become the pests of society. That is why our religion pays special attention to the upbringing of children and makes this important issue one of the most important tasks of parents and society.

In conclusion, it must be said that in the 21st century, different lifestyles and ideas have entered into competition. To succeed, each state must have an ideology based on the expression of its religious and national values to others while maintaining its own identity. Otherwise, the loss of identity, the rejection of priceless values separates a person from progress and turns him into a person without a dependent, independent mind. In Islam, the upbringing of children is one of the most responsible and long-term duties of parents. Other duties end with the performance of some work or the expenditure of property. But the responsibility of education will be continuous.

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