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общепринятого и индивидуального языков и метатекста и текста-объекта. Они являются основой всей системной структуры, присущей формам, в которых воплощается феноменология и гносеология творческого поиска.
Это фундамент, на котором, подобно этажам здания, располагаются один над другим структурные уровни, и каждый из них привносит свою долю значений в семантику образности конкретных произведений, что мы и стремились показать в данной статье. Каждая художественная форма является семантически многоуровневой, и в силу этого ей свойственна такая же полисемия, как и слову [6, c. 268-269]. В ней, как в слоях горной породы, насчитывающей много лет, можно увидеть инвариантные «страты», сформированные каждой эпохой в эволюции литературы, благодаря чему и возникло само явление художественной системы.
Художественные образы обретают смысл только тогда, когда они рассматриваются как элементы системы, что касается не только данного конкретного произведения, но и систем, которые образуются посредством соотношений между семантически однородными инвариантами и вариантами в разных произведениях, созданных в сколь угодно удалённые друг от друга эпохи. Словно стержни, пронизывают они собой весь исторический процесс литературного развития от древности до современности. Формы меняются в зависимости от авторского замысла, но инварианты, лежащие в их основе, могут оставаться незыблемыми веками. Именно таковы отмеченные нами инварианты, которые были так же актуальны в средневековой литературе, как, например, у Данте и Чосера [6, c.113-142], как и в литературе XVII-XX веков вплоть до модернизма и литературы наших дней.
Список литературы / References
1. Барт Ролан. Литература и метаязык // Ролан Барт. Избранные работы. М., 1994. 616 с.
2. Бергсон Анри. Творческая эволюция. СПб., 2015. 319 с.
3. Декарт Рене. Рассуждения о методе для верного направления разума и отыскания истины в науках. М., 2016. 128 с.
4. Черницкая Л.А. Поэтика романов Натали Саррот. Автореферат дисс. доктора филол. наук. СПб., 1995. 44 с.
5. Черницкая Л.А. Поэтика модернизма как метатекст и её истоки. СПб., 2010. 288 с.
6. Черницкая Л.А. Инвариантность в художественном метатексте.СПб., 2016. 312 с.
7. Черницкая Л.А. Семиотика мифа в рассказах Эдгара По // XXXIV Международная филологическая конференция. СПб., 2005. С. 32-35.
8. Черницкая Л.А. К проблеме интерпретации «Одиссеи» Гомера в романе Джойса «Улисс» // Материалы XXXV Международной филологической конференции. СПб., 2006. С. 155-164.
9. Черницкая Л.А. «Евгений Онегин» Пушкина в истории эволюции форм метатекста XX века // International Scientific Review. № 7 (17), 2016. С. 46-55.
10. Joyce James. Ulysses. United Kingdom, 1960. 719 c.
11. Robbe-Grillet Alain. Nouveau roman, homme nouveau // Ecrits sur l'art et manifestes des ecrivains francais. M., 1981. 688 c.
PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION SOCIO-POLITICAL TEXTS FROM THE
PERSIAN LANGUAGE Khizhinskaya M.P. (Russian Federation) Email: [email protected]
Khizhinskaya Marina Pavlovna — Bachelor Student, CRIMEAN TATAR AND ORIENTAL PHILOLOGY DEPARTMENT, CRIMEAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER VERNADSKY, SIMFEROPOL
Abstract: the article is devoted to the main features of the translation of socio-political texts from the Persian Language. The article refers to the concepts of translation and their application in practice in the process of translating this type of texts. The concept of socio-political translation as well as certain aspects necessary for quality implementation of tasks of an interpriter is given. As the aim of the article lies in the acquaintance with the peculiarities of translation of the socio-political texts from the Persian Language, to accomplish this aim materials were taken from the original Persian sources. Keywords: Persian language, translation, socio-political translation.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРСИДСКО-РУССКОГО ПЕРЕВОДА ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕКСТОВ Хижинская М.П. (Российская Федерация)
Хижинская Марина Павловна — студент-бакалавр, факультет крымско-татарской и восточной филологии, Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского, г. Симферополь
Аннотация: данная статья посвящается рассмотрению особенностей перевода общественно-политических текстов с персидского языка. В статье обозначены основные концепции перевода и их практическое применение в процессе перевода с персидского языка данного вида текстов. Приведено понятие общественно-политического перевода, а также изложены определенные аспекты, необходимые для качественного выполнения задач, стоящих перед переводчиком. Так как цель данной статьи лежит в ознакомлении с особенностями перевода общественно-политических текстов с персидского языка, для выполнения поставленной цели были взяты материалы из оригинальных персоязычных источников.
Ключевые слова: персидский язык, перевод, общественно-политический перевод.
Introduction. The problem of translation today occupies a special place in the modern world in the light of the close cross-language communication. The constant growth of interaction between countries at the international level highlights the importance of socio-political translation. The growth of relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran emphasizes the urgency of the current article.
The aim of this article is to determine the peculiarities in the process of translation of persian texts of the socio-political orientation.
To achieve the stated aim it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
- to define the concept of "political translation";
- to identify the characteristics of this type translation from the Persian language based on materials of texts of socio-political orientation;
- to make conclusions based on the results of the work.
Research methodology. The method of theoretical research (analysis of the investigated problem on the basis of studying of scientific and methodical literature, theoretical issues related to the problem) has been applied.
In the course of work has been involved dictionaries, materials and publications on grammar of the Persian language and the theory and practice of translation.
Results and Discussions. According to Komissarov, translation is a kind of linguistic mediation, which is entirely focused on the foreign-language original. Translation is considered as a foreign form of existence of messages contained in the original. Interlanguage communication through translation to the greatest extent reproduces the process of direct verbal communication in which communicants use the same language [3]. Socio-political translation covers the translation of newspaper and journalistic texts as well as texts of speeches and statements that depending on the source profile can be informative, political and social orientation [4]. Today, in the context of international relations, the importance of the socio-political translation does not need justification. This activity requires a high level of linguistic skill and knowledge of the sociopolitical system of the country. The characteristic features of this type of translation include the presence of cultural and language realities, a special stylistic colouring of the text, and the need to accurately convey the author's ideas without distortion of the meaning of the content. As an example may be a passage from an Iranian article about America
jjJ о JJJ Sjj J ^ili (jji J^ J JJ oW 1л ilj 4. £ ja i jj ij^k ^ ^ ^ J 0 ^ 'j ^fj i'j 4 £ ^ il^ £ Jj ij f'j^ J 4 j
J JJ о ^l ^ ^ 1л oW- Jj^ lj jl '''" J ^ ijlj
"We know that hundreds of people were tortured in the prisons of America. And we also know that people in the prison have lost their lives because of those tortures."
If we translate a fragment this passage literatim we get the following:
"...we know that some prisoners give up their souls as a result of tortures."
Such a translation carries some connotation of a literary text and socio-political context and there will be more preferable first variant of translation. At the same time, this example shows a higher emotional coloring of Iranian speech, and its expressiveness. Also it is advisable to split this original sentence into two.
On the other hand, it is difficult to translate such texts adequately without knowing the situation in the region. An example of this can be an excerpt of the speech of the President of Iran, Hassan Rouhani, in the 71st session of the General Assembly of the United Nations:
^ JjJ jl- ^ jjc ^Jj*^ j SI 4 j ¡ja J f^ ^ jlj Jl ftJl J JJ 4*^ j j J j—. j Cy j —l 4a .Lj — f-^ ^ 4- —jJ I J jl J jl 4JjI C]^ lj ^ ^A 4 ija j t4jlj£. il ^ jjj j ^jj Jj JJ jl Cjs j j ^^j* J 4 j ¡jjb ^ jlX jl^ — jl j tJj ^ jl Cy Jjj ^ — J j—. Cy ^ j 4 j Cilj ^ j Cjlaj^. jlj Jlj Ij Jj jjj j j .L jljj J j—■ Ij J j 4 jl j ^ljj ^l J jla J — j Cy Jjj ^ —
^j jj j jJ Jlj i Ci] 4a .Lj — fj —J J JJ £
"If the Saudi government hopes to realize new opportunities in its own development and security in the region, it is necessary to stop the continuation of hard policy differences, the spread of the ideology of hostility and attacks on the laws of neighbouring countries. Saudi Arabia must recognize its own responsibility toward life and honor of the pilgrims and build its relations on the basis of mutual respect in the region and acceptance of responsibility for its people."
Using the method of defragmentation in translation, the sentence should be divided into two parts. It is also appropriate to use the method of lexical addition and translate the fragment 4 j jji ^ jlX jU -a as attacks on the laws of "neighbouring countries" instead of "attacks on the laws of neighbors." This same method is also used in the second part of the translated sentence along with the method of gramatical transformation: .L jljj Jj— Ij j j 4 jl j ^ljj —I J jli J l j Cy Jjj ^ l ^j jj j jj Jlj i Ci] 4a .Lj — fj — J JJ £ Literally, "to build its relations on the basis of mutual respect and acceptance of responsibility for people in the region".
Using the method of grammatical transformations, the word "region" changes its location, and the method of lexical addition means adding the possessive pronoun "his": "to build its relations on the basis of mutual respect in the region and acceptance of responsibility for its people".
There is another fragment from the speech of the President on the 71 session of the United Nations:
1л j j ^ jl f jjjl j 4 £ ^Ajj^ £ 4a .Lj — l j 4j J jj ^ jjl J j ^J>j i t^jJ ^ — ^ jj Jlj J ajj jl ^jj ^ — J j— Ij jj J jj ilj j j jl jj^ ^A ^J ^ jjjj J Ij J Jjl^ . J jlj J ajl^l jIj 4a 4 £ v ^ Jl^ ^y j 4 j ^Ajj^ £
JJ*J — 4 jj—. J J^ j jl j jX jJ jJ 4 jj—. J JJ—л jlj i Jjj S
"We are convinced that countries in the region, basing on common history and culture, can build a common future and eliminate the terrorist movements. We cannot allow the region, a hundred years ago divided into many countries, to be again on the verge of partition."
Not taking the translation methods used in this sentence, it is difficult enough to present a full view of what is intended by the speaker, not having knowledge about the history and culture of the region in question.
Conclusion. In the socio-political translation, basing on the examples above, are used mainly the same methods as when perform other types of translation. A significant feature this kind of texts lies in the priority use of literary language. Also, one of the features of such texts is the style of presentation. Socio-political texts, despite its formal style can also have enough artistic momentum to express the contrast and the imagery of the speech. Consequently, talking about the peculiarities of the socio-political texts translation, it should be noted that an iconic role in this process plays the ability to transfer a source text while preserving the style of presentation, as well as transfer of momentum, designed to enhance the expressiveness of speech.
References / Список литературы
1. Eugene Albert Nida, Charles Russell Taber, 1982. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden. The Netherlands: E.J. Brill. P. 218.
2. Elahe Madah Shoorche. The Study of Problems and Strategies used in Persian-English Public Signs Translation // International Journal of English Linguistics, 2011. Vol. 1. No. 2. P. 186-195.
3. Komissarov V.N., 1990. Teoriya perevoda (lingvisticheskie aspekty) [Theory of translation (linguistic aspects)]. Moscow: Vyshaya shkola. P. 253 [in Russian].
4. Obchestvenno-politicheskii perevod [Socio-political translation] // Elektronnaya biblioteka BGY [Electronic library of BSU], 2015. URL: http://elib.bsu.by/handle/123456789/125601/ (date of access: 10.04.2017) [in Russian].
