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6PECULIARITIES OF INTERCONNECTION OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF WOMEN AND MEN FROM THE CRISIS FAMILIES
Abstract
Topicality of studied problem is caused by the growth of research interest to the question of personal self-realization in Ukraine, to the problems of development of woman's personality at the crisis situations, to ways and opportunities of her self-realization. Especially acute is a question about insufficient level of self-actualization, insufficient adaptation of mental activity of person which causes different "effects of inadequacy", promotes development of complexes, protection mechanisms and may causes neuropsychological diseases.
Keywords
self-realization, self-actualization, psychopathological symptomatology crisis families
AUTHORS
Elena Falyova Elena Vysotckaya
PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor PhD, Professor
Department of Scientific Bases Department
of Management and Psychology of Biomedical Engineering
Kharkov National Pedagogical University after Kharkov National University
H.S.Skovoroda of Radio Electronics
Kharkov, Ukraine Kharkov, Ukraine
lena_f5@list.ru evisotska@mail .ru
Purpose of the article lays in carrying out of comparative analysis and detection of patterns of interconnection between self-actualization and psychopathological symptomatology of women and men from the crisis families.
Leading methods of this problem researching are psychodiagnostic (testing); statistic (quantitative and qualitative analysis of experimental data).
Summary of the main results of article
Family crisis and chronic stress influence negatively to the psycho-emotional, psychosomatic state of women and men. Comparative analysis of self-actualization and psychopathological symptomatology of women and men from the crisis families revealed existence of meaningful correlations. Certain differences of interconnections of women and men were shown. There were not exposed correlations of psychopathological symptomatology with scales of spontaneity, aggression accepting and sociability of women from the crisis families. Correlations of psychopathological symptomatology with scale of sociability of men from the crisis families were not detected.
High level of self-actualization decreases indicators of psychopathological symptomatology of women, except cognitive needs, which high level is increasing level of hostility at the group of women. High level of self-actualization decreases indicators of psychopathological symptomatology of men, except scale of hostility. High level of basic scales, values unit and scale of sensitiveness increase level of negative affective state of anger. High level of indicators of aggression accepting scale increases level of development of certain disorders of men (somatization, paranoid symptomatology,
psychoticism, general level of mental distress). Whereas connections of this scale with psychopathological symptomatology of women were not detected.
General quantity of correlations at the group of men is meaningfully more than at the group of women. The largest quantity of interconnections with psychopathological symptomatology at the group of women was detected with the scales of human nature, synergy and competence in time. At the group of men were detected interconnections with the scales of spontaneity, human nature, creativity. Wherein women have more interconnections of self-actualization and scales of interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, depression and phobic anxiety and men have more interconnections with phobic anxiety, anxiety, psychoticism and general level of mental distress.
Materials (data) may be useful for practical, medical, family psychologists in deciding of personal, family problems, problems of health and self-realization, personal self-actualization.
Introduction
Researches showed that citizens of developed countries consider that the most important part of life is private, family life (S.Petterson, L.V.Friel, 2001; E.Colman, 2002; S.T.Agarkov, 2004; I.S.Kon, 2004; V.V.Krishtal, 2006; S.D.Maksimenko, 2006; M.V.Markova, 2007).
Questions of family psychology, state of family members are difficult and still is studied not enough. At the modern stage of society development are observed such negative phenomenon as birth rate falling, divorce rate increasing, family failure to comply own functions, increasing of different deviant forms of family behaviour (A.V.Korotkova, S.T.Agarkov, 2004; G.F.Kelly, 2000). Prime cause of these phenomena could be named family crisis which is shown, first of all, as crisis of values system (V.A.Uvarova, 2009). Exactly in a period of crisis states (in society, personal) increases directivity and ability of person to self-development, self-realization [1;3].
It is important to underline that problems, connected with insufficient level of self-realization, self-actualization, are expressed in neuro-mental instability and influence to the state of people health, aggravate in turn problems in a family.
Summation of these actual questions detected problem field of our studying. We think that it is important to analyze in which way self-actualization, specifically such its components as competence in time, scale of support, value orientations, behavioural flexibility, sensitiveness, spontaneity, self-respect, self-accepting, human nature, synergy, aggression accepting, sociability, cognitive needs, creativity of women and men from the crisis families are interconnected with factors of psychopathological symptomatology.
Materials and Methods of experiment.
In order to reach the goal during 2010 - 2014 were studied women and men at the age of 29-56 years and total quantity 418 persons. Excerption includes 224 women and 194 men from the crisis families. Mathematically-statistical processing of received results was made with the help of correlation analysis at the base of package SPSS-21. Studying was made with the help of self-actualization test (SAT) (Y.E.Aleshina, L.Y.Gozman, M.V.Zagika, M.V.Kroz) and questionnaire of psychopathological symptomatology severity by Derogatis.
Results.
We carried out an analysis of meaningful interconnections of self-actualization and psychopathological symptomatology at the group of women from the crisis families. Analysis showed that high level of competence in time of studied women in this group assume low level of somatization (-0,164, p<0,05), depression (-0,147, p<0,05), anxiety (0,196, p<0,01), phobic anxiety (-0,195, p<0,01), paranoid symptomatology (-0,140, p<0,05), psychoticism (-0,170, p<0,05) and general level of mental distress (-0,186,
p<0,01). I.e. ability of women to live by the present, to see life in a whole helps to decrease indicators of psychopathological symptomatology.
Scale of support is characterized through connection with interpersonal sensitiveness (-0,161, p<0,05) and depression (-0,189, p<0,01). Independence in own actions of women from the crisis families and tendency to follow own purposes, creeds and principles in life, i.e. to be independent in choice and won't be pressed by external influence, leads to the decrease of feeling themselves defective, reduces self-judging, feeling of anxiety and discomfort in a process of interpersonal cooperation and depression.
Ability of women from the crisis families to divide values inherent to self-actualizing person (scale of valuable orientations) reduces the level of anxiety (-0,167, p<0,05), phobic anxiety (-0,167, p<0,05) and general level of mental distress (-0,146, p<0,05). Behavioural flexibility of such women in realization of their values, ability fast and adequate react to changeable situation is interdependent with obsessively-compulsive frustrations (-0,137, p<0,05), interpersonal sensitiveness (-0,133, p<0,05), anxiety (-0,139, p<0,05), phobic anxiety (-0,150, p<0,05) and psychoticism (-0,147, p<0,05). Obsessively-compulsive frustrations are connected with thoughts, impulses and actions which are feeling by person as continuous, insuperable and alien to "I am". Anxious disorder consists of numbers of symptoms and signs which clinically connected with high level of manifested anxiety. High level of anxiety supposes nervousness, tension, trembling, panic attacks, feel of danger, fear and some somatic correlations of anxiety. Phobic anxiety is detected by stable reaction of fear to certain people, places, situations which are characterized as irrational and inadequate towards stimulus. Psychoticism shows the avoiding, isolating schizoid way of life. High level of behavioural flexibility reduces level of such disorders.
Sensitiveness of women from the crisis families is revealed through interconnection with interpersonal sensitiveness (-0,174, p<0,01) and depression (-0,157, p<0,05). Symptoms of depression show broad sphere of clinical depression demonstrations. People with high level of such indicators have absence of life interest, lack of motivation, loose of life energy, feel of hopelessness and thoughts about suicide. High level of anxiety supposes nervousness, tension, trembling, panic attacks, feel of danger, fear and some somatic correlations of anxiety. Ability of women to be aware of own needs and feelings, to reflex them reduces level of above indicated disorders.
Ability of women from the crisis families to valuate own merits and respect themselves for that is characterized through connection with interpersonal sensitiveness (-0,142, p<0,05), depression (-0,190, p<0,01), anxiety (-0,133, p<0,05) and phobic anxiety (-0,145, p<0,05) and reduces its indicators. High level of accepting of woman herself such as she is out of dependence from the estimation of own dignities and defects correlated with level of depression (-0,277, p<0,01) and symptomatology, which is detected by additional questions (-0,196, p<0,01). These symptoms do not fall under the definition of symptomatic disorders but they are not indicators of some disorders and are clinically important.
Let's examine the way in which unit of ideas about human nature correlates with psychopathological symptomatology at the group of women from the crisis families. By the scales of ideas about human nature were noticed the largest quantity of interconnections. Scale of human nature interconnected with scales: somatization (0,187, p<0,01) which shows distress appeared from the feel of somatic(physical) dysfunction of obsessively-compulsive disorders (-0,338, p<0,01), interpersonal sensitiveness (-0,343, p<0,01), anxiety (-0,324, p<0,01), hostility (including thoughts, feelings or actions which are demonstrations of negative affective state of anger) (-0,153, p<0,05), phobic anxiety (-0,266, p<0,01), paranoid symptomatology (-0,212, p<0,01), psychopathy (-0,162, p<0,05) and general rate of mental distress (-0,299, p<0,01). Ability of women from the crisis families to integral perception of world and people, to understanding of unity of opposites (synergy scale) correlates with scales: somatization (-
0.166, p<0,05), obsessively-compulsive disorders (-0,241, p<0,01), interpersonal sensitiveness (-0,310, p<0,01), depression (-0,167, p<0,05), anxiety (-0,181, p<0,01), phobic anxiety (-0,206, p<0,01), paranoid symptomatology (-0,177, p<0,01) and general rate of mental distress (-0,223, p<0,01).
High level of severity of tendency to acquire knowledge about world around of women from the crisis families increases demonstrations of hostility (0,166, p<0,05), and severity of creative tendency of women of this group, correlates with interpersonal sensitiveness (-0,226, p<0,01), anxiety (-0,144, p<0,05) and general rate of mental distress (-0,137, p<0,05).
Analysis of indicators at the group of men from the crisis families showed that high level of competence in time supposes low level of anxiety (-0,159, p<0,05) and phobic anxiety (-0,273, p<0,01) and high level of hostility (0,183, p<0,05). I.e. ability of men to live in the present, to see life in whole helps to decrease indicators of anxiety states but increases level of hostility. Phobic anxiety is determined as stable reaction of fear to certain people, places, situations, which are characterized as irrational and inadequate towards stimulus. High level of competence in time decreases rate of such disorders.
Scale of support is characterized through connection with hostility (0,209, p<0,01) and phobic anxiety (-0,155, p<0,05). Independence in own actions of men from the crisis families and their aspiration to be guided by own purposes, believes and principles in life,
1.e. to be independent in choice and won't be pressed by external influence, leads to the decrease of fear reaction as to certain people, places, situations which directs to avoidant behaviour and increases rate of hostility, and which contains signs showed by such qualities as aggression, irritability, anger, indignation.
Ability of men from the crisis families to divide values inherent to self-actualizing person (scale of valuable orientations) correlates with interpersonal sensitiveness (-0,214, p<0,01), depression (-0,216, p<0,01), anxiety (-0,155, p<0,05), phobic anxiety (-0,169, p<0,05) and general level of mental distress (-0,158, p<0,05)and hostility (0,163, p<0,05). Behavioural flexibility of men in realization of their own valuations and ability fast and adequate react to changeable situation are interdependent with hostility (0,148, p<0,05) and phobic anxiety (-0,212, p<0,01).
Sensitiveness of men from the crisis families is shown through connection with hostility (0,205, p<0,01). At the scale of spontaneity was noted the largest quantity of interconnections. Ability of men spontaneously and directly show their feelings, act naturally and relaxed, show to society their emotions is interconnected with all scales of psychopathological symptomatology( except hostility): somatization (-0,142, p<0,05), which reflects distress appeared out of feelings of somatic(physical) dysfunction of obsessively-compulsive disorders (-0,149, p<0,05), interpersonal sensitiveness (-0,267, p<0,01), depression (-0,293, p<0,01), anxiety (-0,245, p<0,01), phobic anxiety (-0,196, p<0,01), paranoid symptomatology (-0,147, p<0,05), psychopathy (-0,232, p<0,01), additional questions (-0,260, p<0,01), and general level of mental distress (-0,264, p<0,01). Symptoms which are detected by additional questions do not fall under the definition of symptomatic disorders and are clinically important.
Ability of men from the crisis families to valuate own merits and to respect themselves for them is characterized through connection of interpersonal sensitiveness (0,245, p<0,01), depression (-0,205, p<0,01), phobic anxiety (-0,162, p<0,05), psychopathy (-0,158, p<0,05) and general level of mental distress (-0,171, p<0,05) and decreases their indicators.
Let's examine the way in which unit of ideas about human nature correlates with psychopathological symptomatology at the group of men from the crisis families. Scale of human nature is interconnected with scales: somatization (-0,145, p<0,05), obsessively-compulsive disorders (-0,141, p<0,05), interpersonal sensitiveness (-0,187, p<0,01), depression (-0,240, p<0,01), anxiety (-0,223, p<0,01), phobic anxiety (-0,157, p<0,05),
paranoid symptomatology (-0,157, p<0,05), psychopathy (-0,171, p<0,05) and general level of mental distress (-0,209, p<0,01). Ability of men from the crisis families to integral perception of world and people, to understanding of unity of opposites (synergy scale) correlates with scales: anxiety (-0,200, p<0,01), phobic anxiety (-0,197, p<0,01) and psychoticism (-0,155, p<0,05).
Ability of men from the crisis families to accept own irritation, anger, aggressiveness as natural demonstration of human nature (but don't justify own antisocial behaviour) correlated with somatization (-0,178, p<0,05), paranoid symptomatology (-0,150, p<0,05), psychopathy (-0,190, p<0,01) and general level of mental distress (-0,162, p<0,05).
Intensity of male desire to acquire knowledge about the world is correlated with anxiety (0,157, p<0,05), and severity of creative tendency of men of this group decreases level of interpersonal sensitiveness (-0,238, p<0,01), depression (-0,219, p<0,01), anxiety (-0,247, p<0,01), phobic anxiety (-0,280, p<0,01), psychopathy (-0,182, p<0,05), symptomatology by additional questions (-0,195, p<0,01), and general level of mental distress (-0,225, p<0,01).
Discussions.
In modern science family problems are considered in rather wide range. There are studied psychological functions of family (V.V.Kryshtal, 1985, 1997; E.K.Vasiljeva, 2000; N.V.Malyarova, 2002; N.A.Yurkevich, 2001), reasons of arising in a family deformations of interpersonal interactions (L.A.Andreeva, 2000; L.Ya.Gozman, 1995, 1999; E.I.Gilyagina, 2006; M.A.Dmitrieva, 2001; A.N.Yelizarov, 2005; M.V.Poleva, 2002; O.V.Solovjova, 2008; O.V.Shapatina, 2006; I.G.Shvets 2001 and others), peculiarities of unsuccessful family (A.N.Yelizarov, 2005; E.V.Solotina, 2005), the most effective resources and strategy of optimization of family state in whole and its separate members (O.V.Barsukova, A.Ya.Varga, 2000; S.S.Zhigalkin, 2004;
0.A.Karabanova, 2006; V.M.Miniarov, 2000; N.Pezeshkian, 1996; E.G.Ejdemiller, V.V.Yustitsky, 2008), supports of family stability (S.I.Golod, 2008; V.A.Kishinets, 2006; A.V.Chernikov, 2005).
Within this scientific activity native and foreign authors pay special attention to studying of subjective picture of life way as the most important characteristics of personal self-consciousness which is developed in time and displays stages of individual, psychological and social development of human (B.G.Ananjev, 2000; Ye.I.Golovakha 2006; V.I.Kovalev, 2000; A.A.Kronik, 2006; R.Kastenbaum, T.Kottle, 2003 and others). In the most researchers works were noticed that subjective picture of life way is one of the leading factors determined success of inclusion into social life which is determining way of effective self-determination, self-development and self-realization of person during all life way. Important tasks in a context of problem of development and self-realization of family members researchers (N.I.Olifirovich, T.A.Zinkevich-Kuzemkina, T.F.Velenta) determine analysis of indicators of family system functioning.
Studying of subjective picture of life way in the aspects of age-old dynamics devoted own works foreign and native psychologists R.Kulen, 2003; B.Newgarten, 1973, 2009; A.A.Kronik, 2003; Ye.I.Golovakha, 2000, 2003, 2006; K.Koroleva, 2008; L.V.Borozdina,
1.A.Spiridonova, 2006 and others. In the studying of L.V.Borozdina and I.A.Spiridonova was determined that in mature age prevails the orientation to the present [2]. It was found that the most notable transformations of subjective picture of life way become at the stage of personal experiences of stressogenic life events, critic situations (I.A.Furmanov, 2010; S.Yu.Zelinskaya, A.I.Talevaya, 2001; A.A.Simak, 2009, 2010; O.S.Gurova, 2001; L.N.Yurjeva, 2001; I.A.Ralnikova, O.A.Ippolitova 2006; K.P.Kiosker, 1999; G.Frajberger, 1999; G.K.Roze, E.Vulf, 1999; N.I.Olifirovich, T.A.Zinkevich-Kuzemkina, T.F.Velenta, 2006 and others). Such moments of human life way are the middle life crisis and family crisis.
Meaningful psychological researches, devoted to the theory of crisis, were introduced by the works of E.Lindemann, 1984; G.Kaplan, G.Jakobson, L.A. Pergamenshchik, 2004. To the studying of mature age are devoted works of such scientists as K.G.Yung, 1999; F.Hadson, E.Erikson, 1999; G.Marsia, 2000; P.Baltes, 2001, V.V.Solodnikov, I.V.Solodnikova, 2006, 2009; O.I.Stepanova, 2000; M.V.Yermolayeva, P.V.Kondratjev, 2007; G.R.Krajg, 2000; H.Hekhauzen, 2000; J.Perun, D.D.Bielby, 1980; R.Josselson, 1987; D.J.Levinson, J.D.Levinson, 1987.
Dedsive role at the process of adequate relations support in family systems plays mental adaptation. Opposite to the stable adaptation is the state of maladjustment. Problem of family maladjustment was and is in the spotlight of native and foreign psychology (JG. Mcgee, 2003; N.G.Pshuk, 2003; S.T.Agarkov, 2004, 2006; V.A.Abramov, 1999; S.I.Tabachnikov, 2003; V.V.Kryshtal, 1999; B.V.Mikhajlov, 2003; N.A.Maruta, 2000; L.F.Shestopalova, 2006; M.V.Markova, 2005, 2007; S.A.Igumnov, 2010; K.Aroks, 2005; V.V.Bojko, K.Vitek, 2001; S.V.Stegacheva, 2004; V.I.Zatsepin, 1999; S.V.Kovalev, S.V.Petrushin, 2004; V.Satir, 2000; A.A.Bohdanovich, 2003; D.Ya.Rajhorodsky, 2004; V.A.Terekhin, 2000 and others) [3]. .
In foreign scientific literature maladaptive behaviour of married couple was studied from the position of motivational, psychodynamic, socio-cultural, behavioural and other ways. According to number of authors conflicts in a family appear at the low evaluation of received rewards and high evaluation of expenses (G.Homans, 1980 and others); at the dissatisfaction of such fundamental needs as inclusion, control and love (V.Shuts, 1958 and others); at the violation of interpersonal functional distance "too clo se - too far" (D.Kempbell, 2002 and others); at the dissatisfaction of marriage.
In native psychological science family maladjustment is often examined at the group of "family adversity", born by material, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical and other problems of family life activity (T.G.Afanasjev, 1985; O.B.Dobrovich, 2000; S.B.Kaverin, N.O.Kuznets, 2007; V.D.Moskalenko, 2009; N.Ya.Solovjev, 2005 and others). At the same time one type of problems meets quite seldom as all them are interdependent and interrelated. There are researches (G.S.Kocharyan, 2007, 2008; A.S.Kocharyan, 2008; V.V.Kryshtal, S.R.Grigoryan, 2002; S.M.Gibner, 2008; V.G.Budza, E.Yu.Antokhin, 2005; O.V.Kosygina, 2001; A.Gregoire, J.Pryor, 2000) which are connected with divorced men and women considerable part of who cannot marry for the second time because of certain neurotic, psychological and sexological reasons and remain single.
It is necessary to underline that even taking into account of numerous theoretical and empirical researches carried out by foreign authors in a problem of personal self-realization at the mature age (P.B.Baltes, H.W.Reese, & L.P. Lipsitt, 1980, E.M.Duvall., 1971, J.W.Fowler, 1983, C.Gilligan, 1982, W.E.Gooden, 1989, S.M.Harris, 1995, F.M.Hudson, 1991, R.Josselson, 1987, D.J.Levinson, 1979, D.J.Levinson, J.D. Levinson, 1996, R.M.Liebert, M.D.Spielger 1990, J.Loevinger, 1984, S.R. Maddi 1989, J.E.Marcia, 1966, L.I.Pearlin, & M.A.Lieberman 1979, P.J.Perun & D.D.Bielby, 1980, K.F.Riegel, 1977, J.C.Rush, A.C.Peacok, G.T.Milkovich, 1980) history of personal self-realization studying, especially women, has controversial and unresolved questions which need more deep and versatile analysis [5].
Special researches devoted to analysis of personal self-realization of women at the mature age in native and foreign psychology are not enough. Just at the last years appeared works which cover separate aspects e.g. self-realization in basic spheres of life (professional) (T.P.Vivcharyk, 2000; L.A.Korostyleva, 2005; O.O.Zubkova, 2006; O.D.Stasenko, 2007; Yu.I.Puchkovaya, 2007 and others), self-realization at the advanced age (T.Z.Kozlova, 2007), personal reflection as a factor of successful self-realization of mature aged women (N.G.Shevchenko, 2007); sociological analysis of personal self-realization at the mature age (I.V.Solodnikova, 2007), problems of men and women in a family (T.Andreeva, 2003) and so on [6].
Thus, despite of the available publications by the family psychology, problems of the personality, there are a lot of unresolved problems at the psychological science which are connected with separate aspects of influence to the person of mature age, its roles in a family. There are no works which open peculiarities of complex influence to the mature person at the family crisis, were not determined personal qualities which are corresponded to its personal growth and their changes in family life, were not determined factors and criteria of prediction of family crisis development (personal growth and destructive reaction of personality). There was not studied phenomenon of personal self-realization of woman at the circumstances of family crisis, were not determined factors and criteria of its prediction and was not worked out the system of psycho-correctional measures directed to its growth which is the most important, meaningful for real life action of a family, functioning of person and its health.
Conclusion
Analysis of results of research showed the existence of meaningful correlations of self-actualization with scales of psychopathological symptomatology of studied women and men from the crisis families. Certain differences of interconnections of women and men were detected.
1. Women from the crisis families have no correlations of psychopathological symptomatology with scales of spontaneity, aggression acceptance and sociability. Men from the crisis families have no correlations of psychopathological symptomatology with scales of sociability.
2. High level of self-actualization decreases indicators of psychopathological symptomatology of women. An exception makes only cognitive needs which high level increases level of hostility at the group of women from the crisis families.
3. High level of self-actualization decreases indicators of psychopathological symptomatology of men except scale of hostility. High level of basic scales of values unit and scale of sensitiveness increases level of negative affective state of fear.
4. High level of indicators of aggression acceptance scale decreases level of certain disorders demonstration of men (somatization, paranoid symptomatology, psychoticism, general level of mental distress). Wherein women have no interconnections of this scale with psychopathological symptomatology.
5. General quantity of correlations at the group of men is notably more than at the group of women. The largest quantity of interconnections with psychopathological symptomatology at the group of women was defined with scales of human nature, synergy and competence in time. Men have interconnections with scales of spontaneity, human nature and creativity. Wherein women have more interconnections of self-actualization and scales of interpersonal sensitiveness, anxiety, depression and phobic depression but man have more interconnections with phobic anxiety, anxiety, psychoticism and general level of mental distress.
Recommendations. Materials (data) of the article may be useful for practical, medical, family psychologists in deciding of personal, family problem, problems of health and self-realization, personal self-actualization.
REFERENCES
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3. Petrovsky A.V. (1982) Person. Activity. Collective. Moscow. — 255 p.
4. Falyova, H.Y. (2015). Causes and consequences of women's crisis conditions. Psychological prospects, ISSUE 25, pp.240-256. Lutsk. Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University. Institute of Social and Political Psychology of National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine
5. Falyova, H.Y. (2011) Problem of self-realization of women personality in foreign psychology. Bulletin of Kharkiv national pedagogical university named by H.S.Skovorody. Psychology, 43. P.1, pp.192-199.
6. Falyova, H.Y. & Markova M.V. (2012) CaMopea,ni3a^fl oco6MCToCTi wihkm b концепцiflх BiTHM3HflHoi ncuxo,norii. Bichuk XapKiBCbKoro Ha^oHa,nbHoro ymBepcuTeTy iMeHi B.H.Kapa3iHa, 985, pp. 26-30
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INVESTMENT THE ACTIVITIES OF THE COMPANY
Abstract
The article considers a real investment, which forms the basis of investment activity of the enterprise, identified the basic elements and conceptual bases of management of investment activity at the enterprise. The use of the proposed framework in practice, will allow enterprises to create balanced structure of own sources of financing of investment activities, determine their overall value and justify the economic efficiency of their use.
Keywords
real investment, financial investment, investment project, investment, management, investment process, investment portfolio, business plan
AUTHOR Oksana Kolomyts
PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor, Kuban State Technological University Krasnodar, Russia oksana.kolomytz@yandex.ru
Real investment for most enterprises in modern conditions is the base of investment activities. Realization of real investment is characterized by several features, among which are the following [3].
First, real investments directly connected with the principal activity of the company, expansion of assortment of production, increase its quality through the introduction of achievements of scientific-technical progress that leads to the interconnectedness of production activity and investment processes.
Second, real investments are exposed to greater economic risk than financial, which confirms their ability to provide higher margin.
Thirdly, real investments are less liquid than financial, due to the narrow target of most investments in real production, often do not have alternative economic use. In this regard, errors in the decision on the implementation of the real investment is extremely difficult to compensate.
Note that real investments are made in a variety of forms: capital investment, investment in the growth of the current assets, investment in intangible assets. In turn, capital expenditures are also in various forms, primarily in the form of new construction, modernization, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, as well as the acquisition of integral property complexes [4].
The acquisition of integral property complexes is the prerogative of the largest companies, usually associated with aggressive policies aimed at rising its impact on
