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ARCHITECTURE
Peculiarities of high-rise construction near the Volga Dvirnik Yu. (Russian Federation) Особенности высотного строительства около реки Волги Двирник Ю. С. (Российская Федерация)
Двирник Юлия Сергеевна /Dvirnik Yulia - студент, факультет промышленного и гражданского строительства, Самарский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет, г. Самара
Abstract: the article deals with the basic technologies of constructing high-rise buildings near the waterfront. Geology and soils of the Volga River in Samara have been studied. Comparative analysis of two buildings on the banks of the Volga has been made. Guidelines for construction are described.
Аннотация: в данной работе приведены основные технологии строительства высотных зданий, изучена геология реки Волги и грунты Самарской области, проведён сравнительный анализ двух зданий, построенных на берегах Волги, выведены рекомендации по строительству.
Keywords: Volga, geology, construction technologies, foundations, collapsible soil, subsoil water, residential cluster «Ladia», housing cluster "Volzhskie Parusa". Ключевые слова: Волга, геология, строительные технологии, фундаменты, просадочные грунты, грунтовые воды, жилой комплекс «Ладья», жилой комплекс «Волжские паруса».
Today construction of high-rise buildings in Samara has become a widespread phenomenon. Such buildings as the Vertical or the railway station have an increased level of responsibility because any deformation can lead to serious economic and social problems. That is why high-rise buildings require an additional technical standard [5].
Everything must be taken into account - snow, wind, thermal external forces and seismic effects [1]. Construction technologies directly depend on these factors. Concrete strength should not be lower than M250 [5].
The foundations that are used for high-rise buildings include piles foundations, raft foundations, combined piled-raft foundations and box-shaped foundations [4].
At the very beginning of project engineering climatic effects should be taken into account. That is why geological research should be carried out [4]. The Volga has its specific geology. From the geological map of Samara region we see that in addition to such massive materials as dolomite, limestone and gypsum, there are sands and clays of different ages too. It makes us think of the concept of "collapsible soil" in the geology. It is the soil that loses the structural strength being soaked with water. These soils are widespread in Samara, they are most common in such districts as Sovetskiy, Promyshlenniy and Leninskiy. The thickness of collapsible layer is 10-12 m.
Another important factor is subsoil water because it has a devastating effect on concrete and other building materials [1]. The groundwater map shows that it is spread almost everywhere in our region and has different levels of water transmissibility in Samara, Togliatti and Zhigulevsk. The groundwater level is very unstable, so you should take into account and predict different changes in subsoil water levels in the process of project engineering.
What challenges are set towards builders?
1. To neutralize collapsible soil within the whole depth.
This can be achieved by soil compaction, replacement of foundation bed soil with the base plate of gravel and crushed stone, soil stabilization (chemical, electrochemical, thermal), the usage of special additives to soil or soil reinforcement with special membranes and nets.
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2. To make deep foundations.
3. To perform waterproofing operations [5].
If you do not follow these rules, different types of base deformation will occur. A typical example of high-rise buildings near the waterfront in Samara is the residential cluster № "Ladia". It consists of three 17 - 25 storey buildings. There were very nonuniform soils of hard dolomite and clay. It was decided to make combined foundations. Stylobate stands on pile foundations with a monolithic slab and soil bloom base plates. The engineers of "Novotech" achieved uniformity of soils under the entire structure. Loads to the foundation are 160-190 tons. Final static tests of foundations showed the result of achieving the load value of 260 tons [2].
The second example is the housing cluster "Volzhskie Parusa" in Volgograd, it is situated on an elevated bank of the Volga River. The land for the construction was classified as a landslide. For preventing a landslide the following things were done:
• Removing 25,000 cubic meters of low-quality soil from the slope and replacing it with sand;
• Making artificial loads of 43,000 tonnes of sand;
• Lining the trays along the slope for storm-water drainage [3].
The loads from the weight of the building do not have any pressure on the coastal slope. The foundation piles transfer the loads to the firm land basis [3].
So, competence must be present at all stages of construction. Otherwise, negligence will lead to structure deformation and even destruction.
References
1. Buyukozturk O., Gunes O. High-Rise Buildings: Evolution and Innovations // World Building Congress. Toronto, 2004. URL: http://web.mit.edu/istgroup/ist/docume nts/CIB_Toronto_05-04.pdf.
2. [Электронный ресурс] :Residential Cluster "Ladya". URL: http://www.rosrealt.ru/Samara/Ladjya Residential Cluster "Volzhskie Parusa". URL: http://news.ners.ru/zhiloy-kompleks-volzhskie-parusa-g-volgograd.html.
3. Shulyatiev O. A. Fundamenty vysotnykh zdaniy (Foundations of high-rise buildings) // Vestnik PNIPU. Stroitelstvo i arkhitektura (Construction and Architecture), 2014. № 4.
4. SNiP (Construction rules and regulations) 2.02.01-83*.
Performance of subsoil water Dvirnik Yu. (Russian Federation) Физика грунтовых вод Двирник Ю. С. (Российская Федерация)
Двирник Юлия Сергеевна /Dvirnik Yulia - студент, факультет промышленного и гражданского строительства, Самарский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет, г. Самара
Аннотация: в работе рассмотрено движение грунтовых вод с физической точки зрения в различных грунтах, зависимость водопроводимости пород от их физических свойств, рассмотрены меры по предотвращению подмыва фундаментов зданий. Abstract: this work presents the motion of the subsoil water in different soils from the physical point of view, dependence of water transmissibility of soils from their physical properties, measures to prevent the undermining of the foundations of buildings.
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