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Fozilov Sh.M. teacher
Termez State University Uzbekistan, Surkhandarya
PECULIARITIES OF GROWING CORN VARIETIES
Annotation. This article describes some species of corn of the cereal family, including varieties grown in Uzbekistan and their characteristics, ways to increase their productivity through intensive methods and their importance in agriculture.
Keywords: Oats (Sorghum Pers.), Grain oats (S. cernuum), broom oats (S. technicum), oats (Sudanese, S. almum), Kattabosh, Chillaki, Uzbekistan 5, Sangzor, Uzbekistan 18, Deafness, Intensive, homotypic, heterotypic, parenchymal tissue, invasive type.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to protect the rights and legitimate interests of farmers, dehkan farms and landowners, to radically improve the system of efficient use of agricultural land" to address such problems and in order to fulfill the tasks set out in the Action Strategy for the five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021. (Control of execution of this resolution to assign to the Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan for development of agrarian and food industries Sh.M. Ganiev and the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan JA Khodjayev This Regulation determines the procedure for monitoring on agricultural lands and arable lands. The following basic concepts are used in this Regulation:
Agricultural crops - technical crops (cotton, hemp, cannabis, tobacco, broom), cereals (wheat, barley, corn for grain, white corn, rice, millet, oats), rye), vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, onions, carrots, cabbage, eggplant, peppers, garlic, beets, radishes, turnips, greens), melons (melons, watermelons, pumpkins), potatoes, oilseeds (sunflower, soybeans, groundnuts, sesame, flax, sorghum), legumes (peas, beans, mosh), fodder crops (for alfalfa, corn silage, hashish beets, annual grasses (rapeseed, perco, triticale, sudanka), berry crops (strawberries, raspberries) and others.
Sorghum (Sorghum Pers.) Is a group of annual and perennial plants, cereals and fodder crops belonging to the family of cereals. There are about 50 wild and cultivated species of corn. Grain corn (S. cernuum; white corn, coconut corn, gaolyan, etc.), sweet corn (S. saccharatum), durra (S. durra), broom corn (S. technicum), herbaceous corn (S. sudanense)., S. almum) are more common. Homeland - Central Africa. The root network of corn is a poplar root, the main part of which develops in the plowed layer of the soil, and some roots penetrate to a depth of 2.5 m. The stem is a straw stem, 0.5-7 m tall, on average 2-3 m, and
the inside of the stem is filled with porous parenchymal tissue. The stem is collected (1-8). The leaves are broad, 10-25. The inflorescence is 15-60 cm long, with 2 spikes at the ends of the lateral branches, one of which bears fruit. Corn is pollinated from the outside. The grain is small and without shell, round, ovoid. Color white or yellow. 1000 grains weigh 20-70 grams. The grain does not have a dormant period and can be sown after harvest.
Oats are an important cereal crop, the grain is used for food. Cereals are used to make cereals, flour, alcohol, and starch, to make bread, and to be used as fodder for cattle and poultry. The blue mass is ensiled. The grain is nutritious, contains 65-75% starch, 10-15% protein (lysine), up to 3.5% fat. 100 kg of oats is equivalent to 119 feed units. There are 23.5 nutrients in 100 kg of green mass, 22 in silage and 49.2 in hay. Stem juice contains 10-15% of sugar and produces molasses.
Broomsticks and brushes are made from broomsticks. Oats are also grown as a secondary crop. It is an annual plant. Resistant to drought and heat. Tolerates drought in soil and air. Tolerates temperatures of 30-40 Light-loving, short-day plant. Not demanding to soil, but grows well in porous soils. Resistant to salt, grows slowly at the beginning of the growing season. The field is plowed to a depth of28-30 cm with a plow. If the soil is dry, it is irrigated before plowing and 10-15 tons of manure, 50-60 kg of phosphorus and 40-50 kg of potassium are applied per hectare. In spring (April-May), when the temperature is 13-15 °, it is planted in wide rows (60-70 cm between rows). Seed sowing rate is 5-10 kg / ha, sowing depth is 3-5 cm, seedling thickness is 70-100 thousand bushes per hectare. 2-3 treatments are performed between the rows. Sown seeds germinate in 10-15 days, accumulate in 25-30 days, enter the tube wrapping period in 40-50 days, germination period lasts 55-65 days, flowering begins 5-6 days after germination.
Varieties: In Uzbekistan, 3 types of corn (groups of grain corn, sweet corn and broom corn) are grown mainly in the irrigated saline lands of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Khorezm, Bukhara regions, Fergana and Mirzachol. Kattabosh, Chillaki, Uzbekistan 5, Sangzor, Uzbekistan 18, Karlik (Pastak) and other varieties are planted on irrigated lands.
Pests of corn: lice, caterpillars, nightshades, stem moth, caradrina, diseases, powdery mildew, stem and root rot, bacteriosis.
Origin of the variety: a selection variety of the Scientific and Production Center "Altyn Bashak" of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Variety authors: Massino IV Yedenbayev variety of medium height, 150-175 cm, broom erect, large, ovoid. One broom weighs 180-189 g. The variety ripens quickly, the vegetation period is 129-131 days. The variety is resistant to salt and drought. Suitable for mechanical harvesting. Average yield: 61.4 s / ha. Protein content is 11.2%, grain yield is 79.4-80.0%.
The plant is recognized as an invasive species in Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, a number of U.S. states, Cuba, Nicaragua, Chile, Colombia, Peru, New Zealand, and a number of islands in the Pacific Ocean.
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