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11PECULIARITIES AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE PORTRAIT
ART
Abdumutal Yakubjon ugli Kambarov
Master's Degree Student of Fine Arts and Applied-decorative Arts Department,
Namangan State University
Scientific advisor: Botirjon Gulomovich Jabbarov
ABSTRACT
The portrait is a type of painting. The creation of a clear image in connection with the inner spiritual world of man is called Portrait Art. The portrait is a uniquely complex process that can be a work of art, reflecting from a person's inner anatomical structure, the inner mental and spiritual state, to all aspects of its external appearance.
Keywords: Portrait genre, Psychological portrait, Holiday portrait, Group portrait, humour portraits, Realistic art, Placement composition, artistic imagery.
INTRODUCTION
The Portrait genre has a long history. We can learn more about this genre from textbooks, various literature, and the works of artists.
This genre is based on the practice of accurately depicting the complex shapes of the human head, drawing realistic images of the object itself. This involves drawing a pattern of a plaster cross-section of the head by depicting the ancient plaster parts of David's head (eyes, nose, lips, ears) then, ancient head plaster specimens; This is done through portrait exercises of head statues such as Apollo, Venus, Diadumen, Homer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The portrait is a type of painting. The creation of a clear image in connection with the inner spiritual world of man is called Portrait Art. The portrait is a uniquely complex process that can be a work of art, reflecting from a person's inner anatomical structure, the inner mental and spiritual state, to all aspects of its external appearance.
The portrait painter must be able to sense a variety of human movements, especially sincerity or false aspects of a person's image. Creating a human image is one of the most complex processes in the visual arts [1-7]. The artist tries to reveal his inner feelings and spiritual world through the appearance of the image he creates in the complex of paints.
At the same time, portraiture, being a complex genre, can be divided into several
types:
- Psychological portrait. In this case, the artist faces the problem of being able to show not only the appearance of the subject but also its inner world and spiritual experiences. For example, the portrait "Komil Yashin" by Abdulhaq Abdullayev.
- Holiday portrait. And here we see the subject in a luxurious, generally festive dress. It may also have medals, award badges. For example, the portrait "Yu. Gagarin" by A. Shilov.
- Group portrait. As the name implies, this kind of portrait describes several people. For example, Rembrandt's "Dr. Tulp's Anatomy Lesson".
- Intimate portrait. The subject of this portrait depicts situations related to family, intimacy or love. Rembrandt's "Danaya", for example, is a case in point.
- Portrait on a historical theme. Even in a portrait painted on this theme, the artist tries to solve the problem by referring to specific historical events. For example, the portrait of M. Nabiev "Amir Temur".
The artistic value of a portrait is measured by its resemblance to the original, that is, to the model, of the person portrayed. The portrait reflects not only the similarity of appearance, but also the psyche, individuality, specific period, social environment, and the distinctive features of the nation as a whole [8-11]. Also, the artist's attitude towards his protagonist, his own worldview, his interpretation of the portrait, and his creative style give a subjective connotation to the portrait image.
Depending on the specifics of the technical execution, purpose, and image, a portrait can be majestic, solemn, intimate, with equipment; to the chest or with the whole body, from the side, anfas (the front view of the portrait) and other postures.
The portrait is also performed in the medal, gemma, and miniature styles. Depending on the number of images, the portrait can be divided into individual, binary and group types. A unique genre of portraiture is a self-portrait.
The relativity of the boundaries of genres allows the portrait to blend in with an element of other genres. The portrait is given and expressed in the picture in relation to the person being portrayed, the things around him, the landscape, the architecture and others. A typical portrait is a composite image that is structurally close to a portrait. Not only high spiritual and moral qualities, but also negative human qualities are reflected in the portrait, and humour ensures the formation of humour portraits. In general, the art of portraiture is able to express important events in the life of society, its contradictions in a harmonious, mixed way [9-13]. The portrait genre of fine art differs from other types of art in that it reflects the spiritual image of a person. Kamoliddin Behzod, Leonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt, as well as a number of Uzbek artists such as Abdulhaq Abdullaev, Rahim Ahmedov, Chingiz Ahmarov and Malik Nabiev are among the great artists who skillfully portrayed human beings through portraits.
The whole set of work on the image of the human head is based on the predominant principle of fine art, the transition from general to specific and from private to general again. In other words, it is necessary to follow the rule of expressing the image of the general form by analyzing the parts of nature. This principle is reflected in all published curricula for drawing and is a leader in private art schools, vocational colleges, and universities. It is offered to all students (regardless of their level of continuous drawing preparation) and is required to complete. The complex set of work on the image is divided into separate stages so that students can easily master it and get better acquainted with the content. Also, following a methodological sequence allows the reader to understand each stage separately and to understand the interrelationships between them.
The right solution to the portrait reveals his plastic characteristics, mental state, psychology, as well as its nationality. The viewer's main focus will be on the head and face of the portrait. The most important thing in a portrait is its appearance and facial expressions. It is in this expression that the inner spiritual world of man is reflected. It is very important to find an expression that reflects the human character, the whole being in general. Other details complement and enhance it. In the human figure, the eyes, nose, and lips represent their character.
Hands are also important in portraiture. Depending on the hand, a person's profession, character, and even work can be determined. The main character, his turning and bending, facial expressions, the general condition of the body help to reveal the human character. Expressing the inner state of a person is an important, basic task of an artist. Characteristic gestures should also not be left out of the artist's perspective. They should match the facial expression.
A person's worldview, his psyche, his every action, his behaviour, his attitude to events, his thinking also helps to fully illuminate the image. Action is the best human trait. This should not be forgotten not only when working on a thematic work, but also in the process of working on a portrait.
The artist certainly tries to convey the full image in the portrait, but not only that but also to reveal the features that depend on the character portrayed during the work process. These symptoms are associated with deep good intentions and past events.
Realistic art forces the artist to list things that seem simple, to sort them according to purpose, and realistically depict them. Placement composition, as mentioned above, serves as one of the basic rules of artistic imagery. It is also important to choose the right point of view and ensure that the light falls correctly. If such a set of conditions are not met, even if the person being observed is similar to himself, there may be fewer successful parties in the picture.
One more thing to observe is to make the image depicted not accidental, but typical of nature. Many portrait painters say that to meet the person they are portraying, to be in conversation with them, they must always observe the changes in their "facial expressions" during the conversation.
Matching spaces in an image may not occur even after the artist has been drawing for a long time, as many artists prefer to draw such character spaces after a break, more precisely the image they depict makes a stronger impression after the break.
The task of portraiture requires the avoidance of many small details and prefers to generalize them. The image of a person can be described differently by different artists. The character and content of a portrait depend on the artist's deep thinking and views.
Portraiture has its own characteristics. In the face of the portrait artist's work, various concrete problems are gathered for a real creative depiction. At the same time, it should not overlook the simple elements of art. The "individual" objects in a portrait do not interfere with the conveyance of the reality in the image.
CONCLUSION
Painting a portrait is definitely about drawing, and if the task here is on colours, then the learning task will need to be simplified. The painting also requires the depiction of a three-dimensional shape. Here it is necessary to take into account the colour characteristics, the overall colour combination of the portrait in the image-rich in colour reflexes, light rays and falling shadows. Many of these and many colour tasks make up the content of a painting course.
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