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ISSN 2078-1032 ВЕСН1К ПАЛЕСКАГА ДЗЯРЖАУНАГА УНШЕРСГГЭТА. СЕРЫЯ ГРАМАДСК1Х I ГУМАН1ТАРНЫХ НАВУК. 2023. № 1
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
УДК 37.017.7
AVERKOV A.N.
Competitor of the Department of Content and Methods of Education Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
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Received 20 February 2023
PATRIOTIC EDUCATION IN INSTITUTIONS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS: AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT1
The article updates patriotic education in the modern Republic of Belarus. The author's interpretation of axiological issues makes it possible to characterize the patriotic education of students as a process that is based on the national historical traditions of the Belarusian people and their humanistic values. Patriotic education in the Republic of Belarus is paid great attention, both at the state level and at the educational level, because the education of young people is a strategic direction of preparing citizens to defend their Fatherland.
Keywords: patriotism, patriotic education, a national idea, patriotic values, popular unity.
А.Н. АВЕРКОВ,
соискатель кафедры психологии, содержания и методов воспитания
ГУО «Академия последипломного образования», г. Минск, Республика Беларусь
ПАТРИОТИЧЕСКОЕ ВОСПИТАНИЕ В УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ ОБЩЕГО СРЕДНЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ: АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ
В статье актуализируется патриотическое воспитание в современной Республике Беларусь. Авторская интерпретация вопросов аксиологической направленности позволяет охарактеризовать патриотическое воспитание учащихся как процесс, который основывается на национально-исторических традициях белорусского народа и его гуманистических ценностях. Патриотическому воспитанию в Республике Беларусь уделяется огромное внимание как на государственном уровне, так и на образовательном, ведь воспитание молодежи является стратегическим направлением подготовки граждан к защите своего Отечества.
1 Статья публикуется в авторской редакции.
ISSN 2078-1032 ВЕСН1К ПАЛЕСКАГА ДЗЯРЖАУНАГА УНГВЕРСГТЭТА. СЕРЫЯ ГРАМАДСКГХ Г ГУМАНГТАРНЫХ НАВУК. 2023. № 1
Ключевые слова: патриотизм, патриотическое воспитание, национальная идея, патриотические ценности, народное единство.
Introduction. Social differentiation in society gives each citizen his place in social life: one produces material values, the other devotes himself to the upbringing and education of the younger generation, the third - creativity in the field of science, culture, the fourth is involved in the management of the state.
In this regard, patriotism can be considered the basis of a person's mission in the world around him as the basis and vector of creative activity, which includes pride and fidelity to the traditions and culture of his people, activities aimed at the economic prosperity of the Fatherland thanks to the personal contribution of every person living on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.
At the current stage, Belarusian society is searching for the optimal model of socioeconomic development. Understanding of the national idea is underway - the strategic path of the Belarusian people, the ideology of Belarus-ian statehood. However, no national idea can be realized if it is not riddled with the idea of patriotism, no society can make progress without a conscious patriotic movement of its citizens.
The formation of patriotism is one of the most urgent tasks of any state, since it is he who acts as a kind of "cement" of society. The special importance of patriotic values lies in the fact that they are highly focused on establishing and strengthening the principles of community, unity and consolidation, on realizing the strong relationship between key public and state interests.
Patriotic education is currently paid great attention, both at the state level and at the educational level, because the education of young people is a strategic direction of training students to defend the Fatherland.
The manifestation of patriotism consists in the following aspects:
1. Patriotism means the desire of citizens by their actions to serve the interests of the Fatherland;
2. Patriotism manifests itself in respect for historical traditions;
3. Patriotism manifests itself in a willingness to subordinate their interests to the interests of the Motherland;
4. Patriotism involves a good knowledge of domestic history and culture;
5. Patriotism does not exclude respect for other peoples;
6. Patriotism manifests itself in sincere experiences for the fate of the Motherland [1].
Main part. The education system of Belarus, having passed through all the twists and turns of recent times, should come out stronger and renewed. President of the Republic of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko said: «... At the present stage, educational institutions have the task of educating a patriot citizen spiritualized by the ideals of good and social justice, capable of creating and creating in the name of the Father-land» [2].
The President emphasized that: «...The civic and life position of the teacher, his participation in the public or political life of the country is an example in which not only students, but also teachers are brought up. It is in the school that patriotism is laid» [2].
The head of state noted that part of our youth, having been educated here, seeks to go abroad: «... After all, those who leave are coming off -this is the worst thing - from their roots. It's good when you go for new experience or knowledge to apply them in your homeland» [2].
On the one hand, teachers and teachers graduate from schools of promising students, highly qualified specialists who are valued abroad. On the other hand, it is necessary to educate the younger generation within the framework of patriotism and love for their homeland. Having received the necessary knowledge, you need to apply it in your country.
The patriotic education of students is based on the national historical traditions of the Bela-rusian people and their humanistic values. An important place among the new democratic principles of morality is given to the category of debt. A real person is not looking for where he lives better, he is looking for where his duty is, and this person becomes a patriot.
Patriotism is manifested not in words and slogans, but in the life position of a person, his daily affairs for the benefit of his Fatherland. Patriotism is an eternal value that combines the past, present and future of the people, and the inviolable postulate of our statehood [3]. «...Patriotism, - noted A.G. Lukashenko, - cannot be taught. One can only show an example of his sincere love for his native land, pride of the
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achievements of his people, careful attitude to the historical heritage, respect for the traditions and values of many generations of Belarusians, concrete deeds for the good of the country» [4].
The content of patriotic education includes the following components: socio-pedagogical (positive worldview views and positions on the main social, historical, moral, political, military and other problems); spiritual and moral (activity qualities expressed in love for the Motherland, respect for the rule of law, responsibility for fulfilling the constitutional obligation to protect the Fatherland); procedural (study and taking into account the level of patriotic education, determining goals, tasks, highlighting significant areas in each period of study, choosing the optimal structure and content, selection, the optimal combination of forms, methods and means of patriotic education); specific (characterized by a much greater specific and activity focus on the formation of basic qualities, properties, skills, habits necessary for the successful fulfillment of duties to protect the Fatherland).
Thus, Belarusian scientists define patriotism as a moral and political principle. The moral component includes love for everything domestic: from the area where a person was born, his people, language, culture and to the state of which he is a citizen. In the political sense, patriotism is devotion to everything related to the sovereignty of its state, its independence and independence, and the impeccable fulfillment of civil duties.
From the 2020/2021 academic year, specialized military-patriotic classes have been opened in institutions of general secondary education of the republic. The arsenal of forms, methods of patriotic education in educational institutions includes both traditional (using the educational potential of educational disciplines, information and propaganda work, educational events, the use of museum pedagogy, tourist and local history work, caring for monuments and military graves, volunteer movement, interaction with military units and units, veteran organizations, activities of the Belarusian Youth Union, BRPO and student self-government, holding and participating in solemn and festive events, memory watches, heroic and patriotic actions), as well as new forms of education (extracurricular work, circles for the study of military affairs, optional classes for the study of military affairs, military sports competitions, sports games for schoolchildren in various sports, the use of computer
technology). The creation of the Patriots of Belarus public association at the end of 2020 can be considered a manifestation of the patriotic initiative emanating from the citizens themselves. For a short period of time, the association was marked by the holding of significant patriotic events. Thus, the rally organized by the Patriots of Belarus found a wide response among residents of all regions of the country. The program of each trip provides for visits to various enterprises, military units, historical places and aims to draw public attention to the achievements of the Belarusian people, to their history and culture. In addition, in the spring of 2021, the association initiated the holding of the republican action «Under the Peaceful Star» (Kurgan of Glory) and the festival «Step into History. Brest 2021», the purpose of which was the reconstruction of the initial period of the war in Belarus. The work of a patriotic camp for schoolchildren was also organized.
Elective classes «Fundamentals of Spiritual Culture and Patriotism» are being organized, and from the 2020/2021 academic year, specialized classes of military-patriotic orientation work everywhere in institutions of general secondary education of the republic and continue to open. A new impetus for the formation of the national identity of students is given by the holding of each next year under a certain sign: the Year of the Small Homeland (2018-2020), the Year of National Unity (2021), the Year of Historical Memory (2022), the Year of Peace and Creation (2023). So, for example, in the Year of Historical Memory, issues of historical topics, events aimed at preserving the heroic heritage and truth about all periods of life of the Belarusian people, strengthening work on the patriotic education of children and youth based on the facts of heroic exploits of ancestors acquired particular relevance. In the city of Mogilev, for example, in the Year of Historical Memory, the project «Open-Air Museum» was launched. A separate area of activity of educational institutions was the renewal of museum expositions and the creation of new museum exhibitions. The era is changing, the pace of life is rapidly accelerating, new technologies are emerging, young people are becoming more advanced, all processes are more dynamic. But the vital value of any state remains unchanged - the patriotism of its citizens, which begins with love for your small homeland, for the place where you were born and raised, with pride in your family, school,
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village, village or city, for people who live nearby.
Conclusion. The main foundation of our independence is the people, citizens of the country, united by a common historical memory, traditions and values. And it is important to understand that the generation that was born in independent Belarus bears a special responsibility for the development of society, the continuity of generations, the prosperity of the Motherland. The younger generation should show patriotism with their deeds, victories in labor, sports, creativity, in scientific achievements, striving to be worthy successors of those who in the terrible years of the Great Patriotic War had to actually defend every inch of their native land.
As President of the Republic of Belarus A.G. Lukashenko noted: «.The new generation will have to live in a new time - full of dramatic changes and alarming challenges» [5]. The common task of both the authorities and society is to do everything to turn these challenges into new opportunities for the successful development of our country, especially in the information society in the conditions of the existing hybrid reality [6].
The position of patriotism is a person's desire for participation in the modernization of the country, for a sharp increase in the efficiency of the economy, for a strong-willed concentration of all social forces for a breakthrough, for a way out of prolonged apathy and indifference to their own present and future [7].
Thus, the significance of patriotism at the beginning of the third millennium is that it acts as a powerful mobilization resource for the development of the individual, collective, societies and states. Patriotism activates the positive energy of young people in solving the problems of social and state development, focusing on fundamental values, high dedication to achieve a common goal, public security, as well as targeting citizens to preserve and develop the Republic of Belarus, its socio-economic and spiritual sphere on the basis of public ideals and national historical traditions of the Belarusian people [8]. Today in a complex geopolitical and controversial «... There can be only one global uncertainty in the Belarusian development strategy: go your own way, think with your own head, live your own mind, build the future on a solid foundation of national unity...» [9, p. 8].
References
1. Bronovets V. S. Patrioticheskoe vospitanie i nravstvenny'e orientiry' molodezhi [Patriotic education and moral guidelines of youth]. Zadachi i problemy' patrioticheskogo vospi-taniya molodezhi [Tasks and problems of patriotic education of youth]. Minsk, 2005. (In Russian)
2. Vakushenko T. D. Patrioticheskoe vospitanie kak faktor soczializaczii lichnosti [Patriotic education as a factor in the socialization of personality]. Zadachi i problemy' patrioticheskogo vospitaniya molodezhi [Tasks and problems of patriotic education of youth]. Minsk, 2005, 14 p. (In Russian)
3. Vintsukevich, L. I. Nekotory'e aspekty' patrioticheskogo vospitaniya v shkole [Some aspects of patriotic education at school]. Tradiczii belorusskogo naroda v sisteme patrioticheskogo vospitaniya detej i uchash-hejsya molodezhi [Traditions of the Belarus-ian people in the system of patriotic education of children and young students]. Brest, 2005. (In Russian)
4. Lukashenko A. G. Glavnoe v ideologicheskoj sfere - rabota s konkretny'm chelovekom [The main thing in the ideological sphere is working with a specific person]. Narodnaya gazeta [People's newspaper]. 2003, pp. 1. (In Russian)
5. Lukashenko A. G. Otdavat' talant sluzheniyu Rodine i narodu: Vy'stuplenie i konczeptual. zamech. Prezidenta Resp. Belarus' na vstre-che s predstavitelyami tvorch. intelligenczii [Give talent to serve the Motherland and the people: Speech and conceptual. President Rep. Belarus at a meeting with representatives of creations. Intelligentsia]. Belaruskaya dumka [Belarusian thought]. 2004, no. 2, pp. 3-26. (In Russian)
6. Sokolova S.N. Bezopasnost' cheloveka v in-formaczionnom obshhestve i gibridnaya re-al'nost' [Human Security in the Information Society and Hybrid Reality]. Vestnik Polesskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya obshhestvenny'kh i gumanitarny'kh nauk [Bulletin of Polessky State University. Social and Humanities Series]. 2020, no.1, pp. 94-101. (In Russian)
7. RoF istoriko-kuFturnogo naslediya Belarusi v formirovanii grazhdanstvennosti i patriotiz-ma [The role of the historical and cultural heritage of Belarus in the formation of citizenship and patriotism] (In Russian) Availa-
ISSN 2078-1032 ВЕСН1К ПАЛЕСКАГА ДЗЯРЖАУНАГА УШВЕРС1ТЭТА. СЕРЫЯ ГРАМАДСК1Х I ГУМАН1ТАРНЫХ НАВУК. 2023. № 1
ble at:
https://minsk.gov.by/ru/actual/view/209/2021 /inf_material_2021_06.shtml
8. Sokolova S.N. Fundamentalnye czennosti i obrazovatelnaya sreda: psikhosocziaFny'j aspekt [Fundamental Values and Educational Environment: Psychosocial Aspect]. Nepre-ry\noe obrazovanie pedagogov: dostizheni-ya, problemy \ perspektivy' [Continuing Education of Teachers: Achievements, Problems, Prospects]. Minsk, APO, 2023, pp. 863-870. (In Russian)
9. Lukashenko A.G. 2022-j stanet godom ob-novleniya i pozitivnykh preobrazovanij [2022 will be the year of renewal and positive transformations]. Belaruskaya dumka [Belarusian thought]. 2022, no. 2, pp. 3-9. (In Russian)
Список литературы
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3. Винцукевич, Л. И. Некоторые аспекты патриотического воспитания в школе / Л. И. Винцукевич // Традиции белорусского народа в системе патриотического воспитания детей и учащейся молодежи. -Брест, 2005.
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8. Соколова, С. Н. Фундаментальные ценности и образовательная среда: психосоциальный аспект / С. Н. Соколова // Непрерывное образование педагогов : достижения, проблемы, перспективы : материалы V Международной научно-практической конференции, Минск, 3 ноября 2022 г. М-во образования Респ. Беларусь, ГУО «Акад. последиплом. образования». -Минск : АПО, 2023. - С. 863-870.
9. Лукашенко, А. Г. 2022-й станет годом обновления и позитивных преобразований / А. Г. Лукашенко // Беларуская думка. 2022. - №2. - С. 3-9
Статья поступила 20 февраля 2023 г.
