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Оценка текущего состояния региона (на примере Калининградской области) Assessment of the current state of the region (on the example of the Kaliningrad region)
Вдовенко Лилия Спартаковна
Студентка 3 курса,
Западный филиал Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте
Российской Федерации, Россия, г.Калининград e-mail: liliya_vdovenko@mail.ru
Vdovenko Lilia Spartakovna
3rd year student,
Western Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President
of the Russian Federation Russia, Kaliningrad e-mail: liliya_vdovenko@mail.ru
Научный руководитель Бессерт Ольга Борисовна
к.п.н., доцент
Западный Филиал Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте
Российской Федерации Россия, Калининград e-mail: o.bessert@mail.ru
Scientific adviser Bessert Olga Borisovna
Ph.D accouate professor
Western Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of
the Russian Federation Russia, Kaliningrad e-mail: o.bessert@mail.ru
Аннотация.
Калининградская область - регион, вмещающий в себя множество возможностей, открытых и доступных обществу, предопределяющих ее исключительную особенность. В данной статье выделены преимущества и недостатки Калининградская область с помощью метода SWOT -анализ, в соответствии с текущей оценкой состояния региона. Рассмотрена перспектива развития области на ближайшие 10 лет.
Annotation.
The Kaliningrad region is a region that contains many opportunities open and accessible to society, predetermining its exclusive feature. This article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the Kaliningrad region using the SWOT-analysis method, in accordance with the current assessment of the state of the region. The development perspective of the region for the next 10 years is considered.
Ключевые слова: Калининград, развитие, особенность, SWOT-анализ, преимущества и недостатки.
Key words: Kaliningrad, development, feature, SWOT - analysis, advantages and limitations.
It is known that the Kaliningrad region is separated from the main territory of Russia and has eksklavny situation. The specifics of location of the region, undoubtedly, have an impact as on its opportunities and threats in the external environment, and on advantages and shortcomings of the internal environment.
The assessment of current state of the region was carried out by means of the SWOT analysis tool that served as a starting point for determination of the main prospects of development of the region.
The research was carried out in several steps. The first stage represents drawing up a standard matrix of basic assessment concerning the strongest and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the region that as a result reflects
economic and social situation of the Kaliningrad region. As information base the region regulatory framework, statistical data and the current regional programs of development were used.
Table 1. Is SWOT analysis of economic and social situation of the Kaliningrad region.
Themostsignificantfactors Externalenvironment /nternalenvironment
Opportunities Advantages
Positive - richness of natural resources; - temperate and favorable climate; - increase of a role of regional policy in the policy of the federal center; - development of integration processes of the region. - development of innovative potential; - development of tourist activity - increase in an investitsionnogopotentsial; - high skill level of shots; - favorable conditions for development of small and medium business; - existence of cultural and historical heritage.
Threats Shortcomings
Negative - political instability of the external environment; - dependence of the region on the federal center; - domination of import raw materials; - pollutionofecology. - remoteness from the main part of the state; - insufficiency of investments; - food dependence of the region; - insufficiently developed health care system; - the shortage of qualified specialists in some developing industries.
So, if to address the carried-out SWOT analysis, it is possible to draw a conclusion that a set of opportunities are open and available to the Kaliningrad region that distinguishes it from any other region of Russia. The first and exclusive possibility of the Kaliningrad region distinguishing it from other areas - tourism development that in many respects characterizes primary position of the Kaliningrad region. Thus, an opportunity to travel around the countries of Europe at the expense of their nearby borders that in general is in many respects favorable, first of all, in monetary expenses when choosing the vehicle, in time expenditure is open for residents of the Kaliningrad region, mobility of movement travel by car it is available to everyone, and flight, in turn, is more expensive vehicle. In addition, the Kaliningrad region is open for tourism, offers also the tours across the historical region and unique cultural places. This direction can influence further inflow of the capital, attracting investors, and as a result, increase in investment activities, the international cooperation that fully shows the width of opportunities in the external environment of the Kaliningrad region.
However advantages of the Kaliningrad region do not exclude also its shortcomings, so, in turn, eksklavny position of the Kaliningrad region does not guarantee full safety and especially to abstractness against the outside world. The intense, unstable relations with the border countries can affect safety of the Kaliningrad region in case of the military conflict. The unstable relation with the border countries has a direct impact on economic security of the country, now a striking example to that are sanctions. Besides, besides external threats in the Kaliningrad region there are also essential shortcomings of the internal environment.
The second investigation phase includes splitting collected information into three groups on priority, need, concentration of efforts and means and care of monitoring. Thus, by specification of the analysis of threats and opportunities, the group on the importance of consequences and influences of the revealed opportunities was carried out. Concerning the probability of use of opportunities, there was very optimistic picture reflecting the high level of their implementation (table 2). Concerning the probability of realization of threats there was absolutely opposite picture reflecting almost chain reaction of the possible negative consequences following the friend from the friend (table 3). Gray fields of immediate reaction, that is those factors to which it is necessary to pay attention first of all are allocated.
Table 2. Analysis of opportunities.
Probability of use of opportunities Influenceofopportunities
Strong Moderate Small
High increase of a role of regional policy in the policy of the federal center
Average development of integration processes of the region temperateandfavorableclimate
Low — — —
Table 3. Analysis of threats.
Probability of realization of threats Consequencesofthreats
Destructive Heavy Lungs
High - dependence of the region on the federal center domination of import raw materials
Average political instability of the external environment; pollutionofecology
Low
The third analysis stage represents expert ball otsenkunaiboly the significant and influencing development of the region factors. Assessment of determination of the importance is offered in the range from the least significant to the most significant from 1 to 5 is equivalent. In such a way that concerns advantages, the most significant factors, according to experts, are allocated - development of tourist activity and increase in investment potential. Shortcomings - food dependence of the region and the shortage of qualified specialists in some developing industries. Opportunities - increase of a role of regional policy in the policy of the federal center and development of integration processes of the region. Threats - political instability of the external environment and high dependence of the region on the federal center.
In general It should be noted that today in the region it is possible to mark out many interesting actions which contribute to the development of the positive factors specified in the analysis.
If to speak about increase in investment activities in the Kaliningrad region, it is necessary to remember the Federal program "You Are a Businessman" which is carried out in the territory of our region. This program is implemented by department of youth policy of the Ministry of Education of the Kaliningrad region and contributes to the development of youth business. It is known that participation in this program is absolutely free. And, above all a condition - desire to open own business and existence business of the idea capable in the future to develop into the successful business plan. As the only criterion for participants the age which shouldn't exceed 30 years acts. And as one of pleasant bonuses, at successful passing of estimated stages, there can be a support of successful young businessmen (the competition "Young Businessman of Russia", participation in actions of the All-Russian and international levels). What does this Federal program give if to consider its advantages at the level of our area? First, development of business initiatives, by a competition of business projects. It should be noted that support is found by not all business projects, and only the best which "are capable to contact the investor". Opening of new business promotes a raising of level of the internal competition of that industry to which it is possible to carry it that for the Kaliningrad region very relevant as it can be carried to "open type of the markets", in view of unauthorized trade which happens by illegal realization of the Polish products in the territory of the region.
Список используемой литературы:
1. Features of development of business in the region: : [Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/osobennosti-razvitiya-predprinimatelstva-v-regione-na-primere-kaliningradskoi-oblasti
2. Kaliningradstat: [Electronic resource] - Access mode. -URL: http://kaliningrad.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/kaliningrad/ru/statistics/ foreign_trade/
3. The program «You are a businessman»:[Electronic resource] - Access mode. -URL: http ://molpred3 9.ru/
