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12Sciences of Europe # 64, (2021)_47
PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ВОЕННОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЕ
Джавадова Е.М.
Министерство обороны, Армейский идейно-культурный центр имени Ази Асланова,
инструктор
DEVELOPMENT FEATURES OF MILITARY VOCABULARY IN AZERBAIJAN
Javadova E.
Ministry of Defense, Army Ideological and Cultural Center named after Hazi Aslanov,
instructor
АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье рассматривается развитие военной лексики азербайджанского языка. Для этого используются военные слова, употреблявшиеся в литературном языке в разные исторические периоды. Военная лексика анализируется на предмет развития. В статье показано, что военные слова использовались в азербайджанском литературном языке в двух направлениях. Первый - это слова, которые используются в реальном смысле, а второй - слова, которые используются в стилистических целях. Самым богатым источником для сохранения древних военных слов считается художественный стиль, и эта идея подтверждается фактическими материалами. Кроме того, в статье рассматривается развитие военной лексики и появление новых слов в этой области во время Второй Карабахской войны.
ABSTRACT
The article discusses the development of military vocabulary in the Azerbaijani language. For this purpose, military words used in literary language in different historical periods are used. Military vocabulary is analyzed for development activity. The article shows that military words were used in two directions in the Azerbaijani literary language. The first is words that are used in a real sense, and the second are words that are used for stylistic purposes. The richest source for the preservation of ancient military words is considered to be the artistic style, and this idea is confirmed by factual materials. In addition, the article discusses the development of military vocabulary and the emergence of new words in this area during the Second Karabakh War.
Ключевые слова: язык, значение, символы, флаг, военный.
Keywords: language, meaning, symbols, flag, military.
As in any language, in the Azerbaijani language we encounter military lexemes in words. In the Azerbaijani language, these words were chosen with the features of development, new military units were created at different historical stages. In this sense, the quantity of military words has not always been the same. In addition, military words differ in their history.
Military words have a number of features, depending on the object or the purpose of the event. Thus, a number of differences have emerged between offensive weapons and defensive weapons.
Among the weapons of attack in ancient times were slingshots, arrows, bows, spears, crosses, spears, knives, swords, daggers, machetes, clubs, clubs, amulets, clubs and clubs. The history of slingshots, arrows, bows, spears and knives is very old. As new forms of military ammunition emerged, so did the language units that expressed them. For example, the cross, a type of spear, was created after him. Or after its initial use in the summer, new forms of it appeared. In the epos "Kitabi Dada Gorgud" we find "six-pointed summer" among the gifts of merchants who went to other countries and returned to Beyrak (2).
Not all military words refer to weapons used for military purposes. Among them were ammunition used to defend against the attack of the opposite side. From this point of view, we often come across the word
"covshan" in the examples of literary language, especially in the epos "Kitabi Dada Gorgud" (2, 320) and in G. Burhaneddin's "Divan" (5, 700). The word is used to mean "armor." In fact, it is a special type of clothing, meaning "battle shirt", which protects those who wear it from attack. The names of ammunition used for this purpose, such as armbands, helmets and shields, were one of the working units of military lexicon in the ancient and medieval period of the Azerbaijani literary language.
Although many examples of ancient military lexicon for our time have lost their developmental activity, the word helmet has re-entered our literary language.
Numerous historical records of the existence of a special army of tribes in ancient times show that special attention was always paid to military uniforms. In this sense, the warriors' bracelets, clubs, axes, belts, and swords made of bronze attract attention. These items play a role in the formation of military words about clothing.
As the number of weapons of antiquity increased, so did the military vocabulary. For example, until the 15th century, swords, amud, spears, wrestling, armor, arrows, bows, fights, war, jida, kaman, chilla, sheshpar, dagger, army, weapons, weapons, daggers, knives, spears, whips, etc. The lexeme "ball" was among the military words. In the same century, Uzun Hasan, who
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founded the Aghgoyunlu state in 1468, decided to use the skills of special European specialists with the desire to develop military forces and form a perfect regular army. "Specialists from Venice and other countries helped Uzun Hasan to produce firearms. Thus, the production of artillery was started in the country, and the basis for the training of artillery personnel was laid " (8).
Thus, a number of lexical and grammatical units (cannon, artillery, artillery, artillery, etc.) related to the cannon, which is a type of firearm, began to appear. In general, military lexemes played an important role in word formation. For example, the word knife means knife-maker, knife-maker, the word rifle means rifleman, rifleman, and so on words were formed.
The Middle Ages played a role in the enrichment of military vocabulary in Azerbaijan. At that time, not only in Azerbaijan, but also in many countries of the world, the creation of disciplined military units, the emergence of a number of military rules and duties in this regard had an impact on the lexicon of the language. Until that time, there were armies and some military personnel. However, although there is a military ethic between troops and armies, the increase in the number of military laws and duties dates back to the end of the Middle Ages. For example, "Officer ranks and positions in Western Europe appeared in the 1570s.
The hierarchy of the ranks of officers was created in the regular armies - the ranks of colonel, captain, lieutenant. Each of them commanded his subordinates in battle, partially independently during the war, and taught them military skills in peacetime"(8).
There are many facts that confirm that Azerbaijani martial arts have a very ancient history. The heroism of Javanshir (VII century), famous for his leadership, and Babek, who destroyed six armies of the invading Arabs, are written in history. The struggles of Shah Yusif, Uzun Hasan, Shah Ismail Khatayi, who defeated fourteen provinces in fourteen years and created a powerful state with an area of two million eight hundred thousand square kilometers, are the glorious pages of Azerbaijan's history. "While participating in a number of wars and conflicts in the XIX-XX centuries, individual Azerbaijani servicemen were distinguished by certain tactics and unique military strategies. The Bakikhanovs in Baku, the Talishinski in Lankaran, the Shikhlinski and Vakilovs in Gazakh, the Javanshirs in Karabakh, the Kangarli in Nakhchivan, the Javadkhans in Ganja and other generals living in other regions spread the glory of the Azerbaijani people all over the world (8).
The heroes who sacrificed their lives in the wars of the homeland, as well as in the struggle for Karabakh in modern times, confirmed that Azerbaijan has a high military culture. These dignified struggles, along with strengthening the feelings of love for the motherland and the state, the invaluable ideas of freedom, did not remain unaffected by our language, played an important role in the quantitative and qualitative enrichment of military words among its lexical units.
Military ammunition and the words that express them do not always last long. The use of ancient military weapons was severely curtailed and gradually declined as a result of the production of firearms. The
_Sciences of Europe # 64, (2021)
most "very" of them was a sword and a dagger. Although they are now considered unfit for combat, they are considered a valuable gift and production has not stopped for this purpose. In addition, the production of swords and daggers did not stop during the first use of firearms.
Military vocabulary can be divided into two groups depending on the purpose of development:
1. Military words used only for war or defense purposes.
2. Military words used in literary-artistic language for stylistic purposes.
It is noteworthy that the military vocabulary of the second section still attracts attention with its active position. Most of the military words belonging to the first group lost their activity in other functional styles of literary language (scientific, journalistic, official-business and everyday) and became archaic lexicon. Among them, only the types of firearms, that is, those that are relatively new in history, continue to work, and the development of such words in the true sense continues today. One of the interesting examples to confirm the idea is the appearance of words about military ammunition used in the Second Karabakh War, such as drones, pua, flag bearers, and sharp dogs.
The artistic style of literary language is one of the interesting sources in keeping the history of language alive. This style is also interesting as a source that preserves the purity and richness of the language compared to other styles. In artistic style, we come across many stylistic aspects of military words. In this sense, the words arrow and bow are one of the units distinguished by activity. For example, these words were used to create a parable in the poem "Jeyran" by the first People's Poet of the Azerbaijani people Samad Vurgun. The poet compared the sudden movement of a beautiful gazelle in the desert to a plateau that pulls and an arrow that swims (7, 273).
In one of his poems, the poet Gafar Garib recommends that the brave wear armor to protect the endangered Motherland (3, 73). In another poem, he pointed out that mothers gave birth to Azerbaijani heroes on horseback and called them "Jangi" (war music) with a lullaby (4, 9). In addition, the poet Zeynal Vafa, who praised Alinja, one of the famous historical monuments of Nakhchivan, likens every stone of the fortress to an "unopened shell" (9, 73).
There are also points in the lexicon of the literary language where military words are used in the true sense. They are more in the language of war works. However, research shows that literary language is used more for stylistic purposes than military words. It is interesting that in this process the words arrow, bow, sword stands tall with its activity. Ashig Alasgar sings that the arrow from the mistress's eyelashes passes through her chest and that her tenderness does not fall on the lover's soul (1, 44). In one of his works, Samad Vurgun speaks about the drawing of a sword on a lover by bright eyes (6, 44). There is no well-known poet in the Azerbaijani literary environment who does not use military words in his language. This shows that military vocabulary has interesting stylistic features.
Sciences of Europe # 64, (2021)_
Military vocabulary in the modern Azerbaijani language is at a new stage of development. New military words in the Second Karabakh War confirm this. Although they have not yet been translated into fiction, they are still alive, active in the official and journalistic style, and are waiting to be included in dictionaries. Thus, military words arising from the need to live and be protected are one of the inseparable units of language, one of the facts that serve style and are active in word creation.
References
1. A§iq Olasgar. Du§du / Osarlari. Baki, §arq-Qarb, 2004, s. 44.
2. Kitabi Dada Qorqud. Baki,Ondar, 2004, 376 s.
3. Qafar Q. Gôydan uç alma duçdu. Baki, ADPU, 2002, 138 s.
4. Qafar Q.Gôzuma dôyduyum çakil. Naxçivan, Ocami, 2000, 92 s.
5. Qazi Burhanaddin. Divan. Baki, Ôndar, 2005, 725 s.
6. Vurgun S. Ala gôzlar / Secilmiç asarlari. Beç cildda. II cild. Baki, "§arq-Qarb", 2005, s. 44.
7. Vurgun S. Mugan / Secilmiç asarlari. Beç cildda. III cild. Baki, "§arq-Qarb", 2005, s. 272-332.
8. Rutbalarin yaranma tarixi va Silahli Quvvalarimizda harbi qulluqçularin kateqoriyalari / ordu.az
9. Zeynal Vafa: Olinca / Dunyanin bazayi. Naxçivan, Ocami, 2009, s. 73.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ИНОЯЗЫЧНЫХ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ ДЕЛОВОГО ОБЩЕНИЯ ДЛЯ МАГИСТРАНТОВ НЕЯЗЫКОВЫХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ
Кисметова Г.Н.
К.п.н., доцент Зулкашева Ж.Е.
Западно- Казахстанский инновационный технологический университет,
Магистрант Уральск
FORMATION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION COMPETENCIES FOR UNDERGRADUATES OF NON-LINGUISTIC SPECIALTIES
Kismetova G.
Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences Zulkasheva Zh.
West Kazakhstan innovation Technology University, Postgraduate, Uralsk
АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье рассматривается проблема формирования компетенции делового общения на иностранном языке для магистрантов неязыковых специальностей. Анализируется модель изучения иностранного языка для магистрантов неязыковых специальностей, определяется целесообразность построения на основе нескольких подходов.
Исходя из требований современного рынка труда к магистрантам, дается описание структуры компетенций, взаимосвязи и взаимозависимости структурных элементов в разных компетенциях. Представлено содержание и детали обучения профессионально ориентированному иностранному языку.
ABSTRACT
The article deals with the problem of forming the competence of business communication in a foreign language for undergraduates of non-linguistic specialties. The article analyzes the model of learning a foreign language for undergraduates of non-linguistic specialties, determines the feasibility of building on the basis of several approaches.
Based on the requirements of the modern labor market for undergraduates, a description of the structure of competencies, the relationship and interdependence of structural elements in different competencies is given. The content and details of teaching a professionally oriented foreign language are presented.
Ключевые слова: иностранный язык, деловое общение, компетенция, неязыковые специальности, формирование, обучение методы.
Keywords: foreign language, business communication, competence, non-linguistic specialties, formation, training methods.
In the context of globalization, the integration of Kazakhstan into the world educational space requires the use of innovative technologies, methods and forms of education to train future specialists, therefore, the task of modern science is to find new methods and methods based on the needs of a developing society, to improve the education system of Kazakhstan. Special
attention is paid to foreign languages, especially knowledge and proficiency in a foreign language.
This is reflected in the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan from "On Education", article 9: "All educational organizations, regardless of their form of ownership, must ensure that students know the Kazakh language as the state language, as well as the study of the
